【主题分类】词汇理解：科学

【高级表达】

1. Categorize v. 分类

2. Caution against v. 警告；告诫；提醒

3. Distinguish v. 区分；辨别；分清

【关键句型】

1. Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based similarities , many different types of brain can't always be distinguished by gender.

  该研究的负责人达弗娜.乔伊称，她的研究发现虽然有些基于性别的相似之处，但有些不同类型的大脑并不总是由性别决定。

2. While the “average” male and “average” female brains were slightly different, you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain scans.

  虽然普通男性和女性的大脑会略有不同，但仅单看脑部扫描却无法区分。

3. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,  regardless of gender.

  但是教授警告，不能据此研究就认为所有大脑，不论性别，都是一样。

【答案解析】

26.E）challenges。此空为主语A new study 与宾语that belief之间的词，从语法结构可以判断填谓语动词, 备选项有B、E、J、M、N，中只有E符合题意，且与句子后部分  questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender 在语义上一致。

27. J) searched。此空为主语researchers 与介词短语for sex differences之间谓语部分的词，备选项B、E、J、M、N中有现在时和过去时之分。从上文使用过去时，可以排除E、M、N选项；而只有J符合题意。本句句意为：在此项研究中， Tel Aviv University的研究者们在人类大脑中找寻性别差异。

28. D) categorizing。此空在介词for 和brains之间，从语法结构判断可能是形容词性质的词汇，也可能是动词分词形式，备选项I、J、D、H中只有D符合题意。本句语义为：研究没有为区分男性头脑和女性头脑提供证据。 

29. K ) similarities。此空在分句while there are some gender-based 中，从结构判断为一个名词，备选项 F、G、K、N中只有K符合题意。本句语义为：尽管存在一些基于性别的相同之处。

30.L ) slightly。此空在分句结构中，系词和形容词之间应该填一个副词L。此句语义为：虽然普通男性和女性的大脑会略有不同，但仅单看脑部扫描却无法区分。

31. G) percentage。此空在形容词和介词之间，从结构判断为一个名词，备选项E、F、G、K中只有G符合题意。此句语义为：仅有少部分人有典型的男性头脑或女性头脑。

32. O ) traditional。此空在句中的一个分词结构里，名词beliefs 前面填一个形容词，备选项B、I、O 中O符合题意。本句语义是：对大量有关性别与大脑功能的传统研究提出了质疑。

33. I ) regardless。此空在分句中的一个副词结构里。此句语义为：不能据此研究就认为所有大脑，不论性别，都是一样。

34. H) proving。此空在There be 结构中的一个结构里，故选择动词的分词形式，备选项D、H中H符合题意。本句语义为：证明不同性别对大脑功能产生影响的重要意义。 

35. M) suggests。此空在宾语从句的外围主语后，填一个动词，备选项B、E、J、M中只有M符合题意，翻译为“该研究表明--”。

【主题分类】长篇阅读：科技

【高级表达】

1. Jam v. 使劲（往某处）挤; 或╱运转压、塞）; 停止移动

2. Notify v. （正式）通报，通知

3. Eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除

【关键句型】

1. The most likely type of burglary（入室盗窃）by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. 到目前为止最可能的一种入室盗窃是一种不复杂的机会犯罪，通常涉及一个破窗或强行进入。

2. One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. 理论上主要的家庭安全问题之一是一个特定的系统是否容易被完全阻止工作。

3. SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. SimpliSafe在最近一篇关于干扰的文章中被单独挑选出来，并配有一段显示整个系统被手持干扰设备有效绕过的视频。

36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.

【正确答案】I

【答案解析】题干大意为：入室窃贼可能用必要的工具和方法进行攻击。原文 I段 第二句与本题信息相符：As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it's possible to jam any wireless transmission.  题干是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 I段。

37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】题干大意为：干扰无线安全系统与打断对话有相似之处。原文 D段最后一句话与本题干相符：For comparison, let's say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you'd need to do is yell in the listener's ear. 题干是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 D段。

38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.

【正确答案】J

【答案解析】题干大意为：窃贼必须不停地干扰无线安全装置，以避免触发屋内和屋外的警报。原文 J段 第二句 so the thief will need to continue jamming once he's inside and searching for things to steal. 描述与题干相符，故本题匹配 J段。

39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.

【正确答案】F

【答案解析】题干大意为：SimpliSafe提供能够设备区分偶尔的干扰电波和目标干扰袭击。原文 F段 第二句为： When the system thinks it's being jammed, it'll notify you via push alert（推送警报）.题干是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 F段。

40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】题干大意为：只有极少数的入室盗窃是通过技术手段实施的。原文 B段最后一句：为The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn't even track those statistics。题干是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 B段。

41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.

【正确答案】H

【答案解析】题干大意为：随着系统的不断变化，单纯的安全问题很难解决。H段第三句为（Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic formula for cracking it. ）是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 H段。

42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】题干大意为：无线设备会发送信号，一旦发现有问题，就会启动警报。原文 C段 第四句为：If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. 是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 C段。

43. Different measures should be taken to protect one's home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.

【正确答案】K

【答案解析】题干大意为：除了无线安全系统外，还应该采取不同的措施来保护自己的家不被盗窃。原文 K段第二句为：They're also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. 是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 K段。

44. SimpliSafe's device can send a warning to the house owner's cellphone.

【正确答案】G

【答案解析】题干大意为：SimpliSafe的设备可以向房主的手机发送警告。原文G段倒数第二句为It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system's event log. 题干是对该句的同义转换，故本题匹配 G段。

45. Burglars can easily get a security device's frequency by Internet search.

【正确答案】E

【答案解析】题干大意为：窃贼可以很容易地通过网络搜索获得安全设备的频率。原文E段第一、二句为： Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they're looking for. 题干是对该句的概括，故本题匹配 E段。

Passage 1

【主题分类】仔细阅读：社会生活

【高级表达】

1. Ban v. 给小费；付小账

2. Disguise v. 假扮；装扮；伪装

3. Presumably adv.  很可能；大概；想必是

4. Veil v. 戴面纱；戴面罩； 遮掩；掩饰

5. Contempt v. 蔑视；轻蔑；鄙视

【关键句型】

1. That's because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.这是因为他打算禁止给小费，而是向他的服务员支付实际的生活工资。

2. I hate it because it's an obligation disguised as an option.我讨厌它，因为它是一种伪装成选择的义务。

3. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system. 无论计算结果如何，你总是认为有自动小费制度的餐馆更划算，这使得餐馆和酒吧很难取消小费制度。

4. One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you.支持给小费的人经常提出的一个观点似乎很有道理:当服务员依赖小费时，服务会更好，大概是因为他们看到了成功掩盖他们对你的轻蔑的好处.

【答案解析】

46.【正确答案】B）He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.本题考察概括大意能力，由题干中的关键词可将答案定位至第一段。由第一段最后一句话he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.可以得出答案。选项A与原文信息不符，C、D选项没有在原文提及。

47.【正确答案】C）It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.由第三段的内容，特别是“I hate it because it's an obligation disguised as an option.”可以得出答案。其他选项均与原文信息不符。

48.【正确答案】D）They can have some say in how much their servers earn.由第四段内容可以得出。该段解释了消费者“love tipping”的原因。其他选项与原文信息不符。

49.【正确答案】A）Service quality has little effect on tip size.由第五段最后一句话“a full 30% said they didn't believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.”可以判断。其他选项与原文信息不符。

50.【正确答案】D）Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.本文作者认为不应该给服务生小费。最后一段作者用祈使句发出号召，表明其态度，结合第一段信息选项，可以判断D选项为正确答案。C.Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.过于宽泛。A、D选项原文均未提及。

 Passage 2

【主题分类】长篇阅读：经济

【高级表达】

1. Tone down 降低，缓和，柔和

2. Pump v.  涌出；涌流；奔流

3. Stimulate v. 促进；激发；激励

4. Plunge v.  使突然前冲（或下落）

5. Trim v. 切去，割掉，剪下，除去（不必要的部分）

【关键句型】

1. In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. 在过去，油价下跌推动世界经济发展，但近来油价越来越低，对全球经济增长的最新预测却被调低了。

2. Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. 经济学家卡尔•温伯格(Carl Weinberg)认为，油价暴跌的负面影响正盖过油价下跌的积极影响。

3. 

【答案解析】

51. 【正确答案】C). The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth. 本文考察大意概括，文章主要围绕油价下跌带来的影响而展开讨论，由此判断C为正确答案。 D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending. 在文章中有提及，但是只作为一个受影响的细节。A、B在原文中均无提及。    

52. 【正确答案】D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.由题干中的“ some experts ”可以定位第二段，选出D。A、D选项在原文中未提及，B选项“always”一词表述与原文第一段和倒数第二段都不符。

53. 【正确答案】C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.由题干many oil-exporting countries 可以定位第三段最后一句，选出C选项。其他选项均未在原文提及。

54. 【正确答案】B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects. 题干中“Carl Weinberg”可以定位到第五段第一句话，选出B选项。

55. 【正确答案】A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas. 最后一段可以做出判断，细节“ acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump”， “ so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.”都可以支持A选项。其他选项与原文信息不符。