2024—2025(1) 2023级&2024级A班四级模拟题 

 Simulated Test 1

 PartI Writing (30 minutes)  

Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among  college students. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 

In contemporary society, the topic of the importance of college students' healthy life has received great attention. In my opinion, cultivating a healthy lifestyle has become a must for college students nowadays.

The reasons for developing a healthy lifestyle are listed below. First and foremost, there is no doubt that a healthy lifestyle is a necessary condition for college students to achieve academic success. More specifically, if college students can adjust to a regular and healthy pace of life, the extremely high learning efficiency they gain will undoubtedly lead them to improve their academic level. In addition, the establishment of good living habits will also play an important role in the career of college students. It is well known that health is the precondition of success, and the healthy lifestyle can lay a solid foundation for the career development of college students, so as to continue to achieve accomplishments in the workplace.

All in all, fostering a healthy lifestyle has well-documented benefits for college students. Therefore, I suggest that college students should gradually nurture a healthy lifestyle in their college life.

Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet “almost 26.constantly.”手机影响着青少年生活的各个方面。95%的美国13至17岁青少年拥有智能手机或能够接触到智能手机，近一半的人报告称他们“几乎一直”在使用互联网。

But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous 27.usage shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new 28.nationally representative survey about “screen time and device distractions”from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly (令人担忧地，令人发愁地）29.addicted to their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time 30.absorbed in their phones.但正如最近的调查数据和采访所表明的那样，许多青少年发现他们花费在手机上的时间并不令人满意。持续的使用不应被误认为是无尽的享受。皮尤研究中心关于“屏幕时间和设备干扰”的一项全国性代表性调查表明，不仅仅是父母认为青少年对手机的依赖令人担忧，许多青少年自己也这么认为。在接受调查的13至17岁青少年中，有54%的人表示他们花在手机上的时间太多了。

Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly 31.specific to teenagers.“They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the 32 context of an environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,” Rideout says.研究儿童与媒体和技术互动的研究公司负责人维姬·莱德奥特对此发现并不感到惊讶。她说，这不仅仅是青少年的问题。“他们面临着与成年人相同的挑战，因为他们生活在一个设计用来尽可能多地吸引他们时间的环境中，”莱德奥特说。

The way parents interact with technology can 33.shape the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thinks it's up to parents to model good 34 behavior: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids “realize that they can 35 exercise some more control over their devices,” she says.

model：设计,仿照,拿...做模范

父母与技术互动的方式可以影响他们与孩子互动的方式。莱德奥特认为，父母应该树立良好的行为榜样：孩子们往往会注意到如果父母在晚餐时把手机放一边或在睡觉时把手机放在另一个房间充电。看到这样的习惯可以帮助孩子们“意识到他们可以对自己的设备有更多的控制权，”她说。

 Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)  

Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 

 I.  A)  A free car show.         B) A yearly concert.     C) A pipe band contest.     D) A sports competition.

 2. A) Contribute a lot to the local economy.     B) Improve the image of Glasgow city. 

    C) Enrich the local culture of Glasgow.           D) Entertain people in local communities. 

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 

3. A) Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.             B) Surprising rise in global sea levels. 

    C) Changing weather patterns in summer.      D) Record growth of Greenland's ice sheets. 

4. A) It lasted three months.                                 B). It began in late May. 

   C) It ended a month earlier than before.          D) It started a month earlier than usual.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 

5. A) Local policemen came across bundles of £20 notes.

   B) Bundles of£20 notes kept turning up.

   C) A villager was searching for his lost cash. 

  D) A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolen. 

6. A) They return it to the finder.         B) They give it to charity. 

  C) They place a notice in The Northern Echo.

  D) They hand it over to the local government. 

 7. A) They cooperated well with the police.

    B) They enjoyed a fairly affluent life.

   C) They had a strong community spirit. 

    D) They were puzzled by the mystery .

Section B  Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will  hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a  question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D). Then mark the  corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.  

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

 8. A) Excited.     B) Strange.     C) Delighted.     D) Indifferent. 

9. A) Talk about future plans with friends.         B) Look back on their years at school, 

    C) Call on their relatives and friends.             D) Search for the meaning of their life. 

10. A) He looks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.

    B) He enjoys celebrating others' birthday s rather than his own. 

    C) He loves them but does not want to make a fuss. 

    D) He prefers to have them shown on social media. 

11. A) Extend invitation to those he trusts most. 

    B) Make it an occasion to co llect donations.

    C) Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday anxieties. 

    D) View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun  

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 

12. A) There was too long a delay. 

    B) There was a terrible smell. 

    C) It was absolutely exhausting. 

    D) She got off at the wrong station. 

13. A) She hasn't saved enough money. 

    B) She is used to taking public transport.

    C) She is worried about traffic jams. 

    D) She hasn't passed the driving test yet. 

14. A) They are popular.             B) They are a bit expensíve for her. 

    C) They are dangerous.          D) They are environmentally friendly. 

15. A) By renting a bike.             B) By sharing a ride. 

      C) By bus.                              D) By jogging  

Section C  Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or  four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. you  must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding  letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.  

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 

16. A) He is a deaf person working in IT.             B) He is a sign language interpreter. 

    C) He doesn't like speaking at meetings.         D) He doesn't use email or text messages. 

17. A) Big advances in sign language.                 B) Transformation in the IT industry. 

    C) Improved communication skills.                 D) Speech recognition technology. 

18. A) He can avoid being mistaken.                   B) He can understand with ease.

    C) He can take notes on the spot.                   D) He can see the speakers' images.  

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 

19. A) To find pure white walls shining.                          B) To enter a house well looked after. 

      C) To see cheerful colours all around.                       D) To get a hug from family members 

20. A) Painting the interior of their cupboards.               B) Doing the painting job all by themselves. 

     C) Designing all window frames the same way.         D) Choosing a colour because it is fashionable.

21. A) Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same colour. 

    B) Match the room's ceiling with all the furniture in colour. 

    C) Hang landscape paintings all round.

    D) Fit most of the cupboards into walls. 

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 

22.   A) Children should start reading at age 3. 

        B) Reading to their children is important. 

        C) Reading is a habit every child can develop. 

        D) Children must read at least 3 times a week.

23.   A) The speed of their brain development in infancy.

        C B) The number of books they have read by age four.

        C) The number and quality of books parents read to them in infancy.

        D) The quality and quantity of time parents spend playing with them.

24.     A) Books telling very interesting stories.         B) Books with pictures of dolls and toys.

         C) Books describing the lives of animals.         D) Books with specifically labeled images.

25.     A) Sha re experience with other parents. 

         B) Create picture books for their children.

         C) Choose carefully what to read to their children. 

        D) Read as many books as possible to their children.

 Part III  Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

 Section A

 Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.   

Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet “almost constantly.”手机影响着青少年生活的各个方面。95%的美国13至17岁青少年拥有智能手机或能够接触到智能手机，近一半的人报告称他们“几乎一直”在使用互联网。

But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous 1.usage shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new2. nationally representative survey about “screen time and device distractions" from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly addicted to their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time absorbed in their phones.但正如最近的调查数据和采访所表明的那样，许多青少年发现他们花费在手机上的时间并不令人满意。持续的使用不应被误认为是无尽的享受。皮尤研究中心关于“屏幕时间和设备干扰”的一项全国性代表性调查表明，不仅仅是父母认为青少年对手机的依赖令人担忧，许多青少年自己也这么认为。在接受调查的13至17岁青少年中，有54%的人表示他们花在手机上的时间太多了。

Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly specific to teenagers.“They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the context of an environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,”Rideout says.研究儿童与媒体和技术互动的研究公司负责人维姬·莱德奥特对此发现并不感到惊讶。她说，这不仅仅是青少年的问题。“他们面临着与成年人相同的挑战，因为他们生活在一个设计用来尽可能多地吸引他们时间的环境中，”莱德奥特说。

The way parents interact with technology can shape the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thinks it's up to parents to model good behavior: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids “realize that they can exercise some more control over their devices,” she says.

父母与技术互动的方式可以影响他们与孩子互动的方式。莱德奥特认为，父母应该树立良好的行为榜样：孩子们往往会注意到如果父母在晚餐时把手机放一边或在睡觉时把手机放在另一个房间充电。看到这样的习惯可以帮助孩子们“意识到他们可以对自己的设备有更多的控制权，”她说。

Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety- five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartph one or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet“ almost _26_.” D constantly

 But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous _27_ ✔  usage  sh ould n t be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new 28 H₂ representative survey about“ screen time and device distractions” from the Pew Research Center indicates.皮左右 that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly 29_ from their phones— many teens themselves  adj do too. Fifty- four percent of the 13- to-17- year- olds surveyed said they spend too much time 30 in their phones. 维姬、莱德奥特  adv.令人担忧地，令人发愁地A全神

 Vicky Rideout , who runs a research fi rm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly _31_ to teenagers.  specific这不仅仅E是青少年

“ They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the _32_ of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,”  important 问题 conte Rideout says. JVTis hape: have an influence on

 The way parents interact with technology can 33 _ the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it's up to parents to model/ good _34: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habit s like that can help kids“ realize that 冲电 注意到 they can 35 some more control over their devices,” she says. 树立良好的行为榜样

A) absorbed V-eoB) addicted (C) behavior n, D) constantly adv E) context n

F) exercise v/n G) inseparable(  adj H) nationallyad dv1 !) recruited V-eds J) shape n/v.制，模仿 K) solution n. L) specific  dq. M) summary N) usage n. O) vaguely  adv.

mistake sb/sth for sb/sth  to think wrongly doat sb/sth is sb/sth else 把···错当成 confuse

Evil Genius

A) A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil. It was for third-year criminology  students to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics. It was a huge  success. The debates were heated and interesting. I could see eople's views change within the course of a  single lecture. Over the past 13 years, as a student, lecturer and researcher, I' ve enjoyed discussing the  science of evil with anyone willing to listen. What I like most is destroying the cliche(陈词滥调) of good  and evil, and replacing them with scientific insight. We need a more informed有学问的；有见识的 way of discussing behavior  that at first we cannot, or should not, begin to understand. 几年前，我发现自己在大学教授一门关于邪恶的课程。这是为三年级犯罪学学生开设的，旨在帮助他们在有争议的当前话题中将理论和研究进行情境化。这门课非常成功。辩论激烈且有趣。我能看到人们的观点在一节课内发生变化。在过去的13年里，作为学生、讲师和研究员，我喜欢与任何愿意倾听的人讨论邪恶的科学。我最喜欢的是打破善恶的陈词滥调，用科学见解取而代之。我们需要一种更有见地的方式来讨论那些我们一开始无法或不应该理解的行为。

B) Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others, writing off human beings simply because we don't  comprehend them. We must try to understand what we have labeled evil. We tend to think evil is  something that other people are. We think of ourselves as“good people”, and even when we do morally  wrong things, we understand the context of our decisions. With others, however, it is far easier to write  them off. If their actions deviate(偏离) substantially from what we consider acceptable, we may label  them evil. We need to be careful with this. Calling someone evil is often similar to saying they cannot  change, and perhaps aren't even a human at all. However, when you actually go monster-hunting, and you  look deeply at the people behind shocking behavior, you may be surprised.  没有理解，我们就有可能将他人非人化，仅仅因为我们不理解他们而将他们抛弃。我们必须尝试理解我们所标记为邪恶的东西。我们倾向于认为邪恶是其他人的事情。我们认为自己是“好人”，即使我们做了道德上错误的事情，我们也能理解我们决策的背景。然而，对于他人来说，抛弃他们要容易得多。如果他们的行为大大偏离了我们认为可以接受的范围，我们可能会将他们标记为邪恶。我们需要对此保持谨慎。称某人为邪恶通常类似于说他们无法改变，甚至可能根本不是人类。然而，当你真正去猎捕怪物，深入了解那些令人震惊的行为背后的人时，你可能会感到惊讶。

(C) As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo cartoons. Arriving in their“Mystery Machihe”, the gang wouId  have to find a monster who was terrorizing a neighborhood. They would run around looking for clues and 乙方  lat the end unmask the bad guy. It was always a normal person in a costume. There were no monsters. Like  the Scooby crew, we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix, one word for people who do bad things. But if we take a good look, the word“evil” is insufficient— there are no simple explanations for why  humans do bad things: instead there are many, and they are all marvelously different. 小时候，我喜欢看《史酷比》卡通片。到达他们的“神秘机器”后，团队必须找到一个恐吓邻里的怪物。他们会四处寻找线索，最后揭开坏人的面具。那总是一个穿着服装的普通人。没有怪物。就像史酷比团队一样，我们可能会发现自己在寻找一个简单的解决办法，一个词来形容那些做坏事的人。但如果我们仔细观察，“邪恶”这个词是不够的——没有简单的解释来说明为什么人类会做坏事：相反，有很多解释，而且它们都非常不同。

D) Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms: formal deviance is the violation of x+  laws, like theft, murder, and attacks, while informal deviance involves violations of social norms, like  lying. Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms. However, deviance can also  describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm. 邪恶通常指的是偏离社会规范：正式偏离是指违反法律，如盗窃、谋杀和攻击，而非正式偏离涉及违反社会规范，如撒谎。邪恶行为通常被认为包含一种或两种形式。然而，偏离也可以描述一种仅仅不同于常规的行为。

E) Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side. Deviating from the norm can make us  villains (恶棍), but it can also make us heroes. A child deviates from social pressures when they stand up  for another child being bullied in school. A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders to kill  an innocent civilian. An employee in a big tech company deviates when they expose its wrongdoings. 也许这就是我们可以在我们的坏一面中找到好的一面的地方。偏离常规可以使我们成为恶棍，但也可以使我们成为英雄。当一个孩子在学校里为另一个被欺负的孩子挺身而出时，他们偏离了社会压力。当一个士兵选择不遵守命令杀害无辜平民时，他们偏离了常规。当一家大科技公司的员工揭露其不当行为时，他们偏离了常规。

F) Creativity is also a deviation. Here, too, things are complex. Thinking creatively has given us modern  medicine, technology and modern political structures, but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons.  Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.创造力也是一种偏离。在这里，事情也很复杂。创造性思维给我们带来了现代医学、技术和现代政治结构，但它也给我们带来了毒药和核武器。巨大的利益和巨大的伤害都可能来自同一种人类倾向。

G) In a research paper, Evil Gerius, published in 2014, the behavioral scientists Francesca Ginoand Scott  Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than  others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills. The unethical  behavior they chose was dishonesty. 在2014年发表的一篇研究论文《邪恶天才》中，行为科学家弗朗西斯卡·吉诺和斯科特·威尔特穆斯想要研究在控制基线创造力技能差异后，在一个任务中表现不道德的人在随后的任务中是否比其他人更有创造力。他们选择的不道德行为是欺骗。

H) Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat. In one study, they  were given matrixes(矩阵) and had to find two numbers that added up to 10. Participants were asked to  self-report how well they did at the end of the study: 59% cheated by saying that they solved more  matrixes than they actually had. 在五个实验中，研究人员给参与者布置了可以作弊的任务。在一项研究中，他们被给了矩阵，必须找到两个加起来等于10的数字。参与者被要求在研究结束时自我报告他们的表现：59%的人通过说他们解决的矩阵比实际更多来作弊。

I） After each task, the researchers measured participants’ performance on the Remote Associates Test. This  shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated, and the person has to think of a fourth  word that is associated with all of them. For example, you might get“Fox, Man, Peep”,or“Dust, Cereal,  Fish”. In order to find the linking words (“Hole” forthe first, “Bowl” for the second) you need to be  creative. The more you get right, the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with  uncommon associations. I) 在每个任务之后，研究人员测量了参与者在远程联想测试中的表现。这显示了参与者一次三个看似无关的词，参与者必须想出一个与所有这些词相关的第四个词。例如，你可能会得到“狐狸、人、窥视”或“尘埃、谷物、鱼”。为了找到连接词（第一个是“洞”，第二个是“碗”），你需要有创造力。你答对的越多，你被认为越有创造力，因为你想出了不常见的联想。

J) For every one of the five studies, they found the same thing— participants who cheated in the first taskdid better on the creativity task. Why? Like other forms of unethicalbehavior,lying means breaking rules. It  involves being deviant, going against the social principle that people should tell the truth. Similarly, being creative involves“thinking outside the box”, deviating from expectations. They involve similar thought patterns, so stimulating one stimulates the other. Can we learn from this? Perhaps. To be more creative, we  could try lying in controlled environment. Find online logic games and cheat at them,play Scrabble(拼字 游戏) with a dictionary.” or write astory aboutsomething that is untrue? Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly,beyond our normal comfort zone. This is not a call to becomea compulsive(强迫性的)  liar, but a controlled liar.

J) 在所有五项研究中，他们发现了同样的结果——在第一个任务中作弊的参与者在创造力任务中表现更好。为什么？像其他形式的不道德行为一样，撒谎意味着打破规则。它涉及偏离人们应该说实话的社会原则。同样，创造力也涉及“跳出框框思考”，偏离期望。它们涉及类似的思维模式，因此刺激一种会刺激另一种。我们能从中学到什么吗？也许。为了变得更有创造力，我们可以尝试在受控环境中撒谎。找到在线逻辑游戏并在其中作弊，玩拼字游戏时使用字典，或者写一个关于不真实事情的故事？这样的任务可以让我们的头脑灵活思考，超出我们正常的舒适区。这不是呼吁成为强迫性撒谎者，而是成为受控的撒谎者。

K) In addition to benefits forcreativity, deviance can be a good thing inother ways. Even Philip Zimbardo,  the author of the Stanford prison experiment, who showed howeasily we can be led to behave badly,  believes that the future of devianceresearch may lie more in understanding extreme pro-social behavior,  such as heroism. Like evil, we often view heroism as only a possibility for outlets---for people who are  abnormal. But Zimbardo asks:“What if the capability to act heroicallyis also fundamentally ordinary and  available to all of us?” Some say we should never meet ourheroes, lest they disappoint us when we find  out how normal they are. But this should be liberating, not disappointing. We are all capable of behaving  like outlets. It's time forus to understand deviance, and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.

K) 除了对创造力的好处，偏离在其他方面也可能是好事。即使是斯坦福监狱实验的作者菲利普·津巴多，他展示了我们多么容易被引导去做坏事，也相信偏离研究的未来可能更多地在于理解极端亲社会行为，如英雄主义。像邪恶一样，我们通常认为英雄主义只是异常人的可能性。但津巴多问：“如果英雄行为的能力也是根本普通的，并且对我们所有人都可用呢？”有些人说我们永远不应该见我们的英雄，以免他们让我们失望，因为我们发现他们是多么普通。但这应该是解放，而不是失望。我们都有能力像异常人一样行为。是时候让我们理解偏离，并意识到它对个人和社会的好处和危害。

36. A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant. D

37. Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the  creativity test. J

38. People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us. B

39. The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty  and creativity. G

40. The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class. A

41. The researchers tested the participants' creatively by asking them to play a word game. I

42. It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and  society. K 43. The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one. C

44. The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants ' tendency to cheat, H

45. Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society. F 

不符合社会规范的行为可能被描述为偏离。D

各种实验发现，在初始任务中作弊的参与者在创造力测试中表现更好。J

如果某人的行为在道德上不可接受，我们可能会简单地认为他们是邪恶的。B

两位科学家发表的研究旨在研究不诚实与创造力之间的关系。G

作者的讲座在他的课堂上引发了热烈的讨论。A

研究人员通过要求参与者玩一个文字游戏来测试他们的创造力。I

是时候意识到偏离可能对个人和社会既有好处也有害处。K

人们邪恶行为的原因可以用多种方式解释。C

一项实验中的数学任务旨在测试参与者的作弊倾向。H

一些创造性的想法对人类社会造成了伤害。F

Passage 1

Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery, this doctor  has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years. 尽管我们生活在一个认为变老是不可避免的痛苦的时代，这位医生在过去的25年里一直在改变老年人的生活。

It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate NewYork. The depressing and  regimented (严格管制的) environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents'  conditions.  这一切始于1991年，当时这位哈佛教育背景的医生从一个压力重重的急诊室被调到纽约州北部的一家养老院担任医疗主任。那种压抑和严格管制的环境让他开始思考究竟什么能改善居民的状况。

Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time. Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch(直觉), he brought in two dogs, four cats, hens. rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower  garden, and a vegetable patch.  尽管当时在养老院养动物是非法的，Dr. Bill Thomas还是冒了险。凭借直觉，他带来了两只狗、四只猫、母鸡、兔子、100只鸟、许多植物、一个花园和一个菜园。

The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramátic  decrease in death rates— but most importantly, the residents were simply happier.  变化是显著的。药物处方减少了50%，死亡率也显著下降——但最重要的是，居民们变得更加快乐了。

Dr. Thomas's approach, named the Eden Alternative,has driven nursing bomes to allow a more  autonomous(自主的) and creative living space for their elderly. It erases the belief that growing old means  growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than  the end of it.Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books, also created small,independently-run  residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms,and he has been preaching a singular message that  getting old is not a bad thing. “Thomas医生的方法被称为“伊甸园替代方案”，它推动了养老院允许老年人拥有更自主和有创意的生活空间。这种方法消除了变老意味着变得无用的观念。他鼓励居民将自己的年龄视为生活的新丰富阶段，而不是终结。Thomas现在是一名演讲者和多本书籍的作者，他还创建了带有独立卧室和浴室的小型独立住宅，并一直在传递一个独特的信息：变老并不是一件坏事。

Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up all the wheelchairs,” Thomas told  the  Washington Post. “You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are  so big.”“六周内，他们不得不派卡车来收集所有的轮椅，”Thomas告诉《华盛顿邮报》。“你知道为什么大多数养老院的居民使用轮椅吗？因为建筑物太大了。”

The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted inAustralia,Japan, Canada, and America with  enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind: Navigating the Passage to a Slower, Deeper, and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging andgrowth. 这位56岁的医生的方法在澳大利亚、日本、加拿大和美国取得了巨大成功。去年，他出版了《第二阵风：导航到一个更慢、更深、更有联系的生活的通道》，这是一本关于如何改变我们对衰老和成长的看法的指南。

He is currently traveling through North America performing with  his guitar and his enthusiasm on his  Age of Disruption Tour. 他目前正在北美巡回演出，带着他的吉他和热情进行“破坏时代巡演”。

46. What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century? D

A) Transforming people's lifestyle.  

B) Honoring his Harvard education.

C) Changing people's philosophy oflife.

D) Shifting people's perspective on aging.

47. Why did Bill Thomas try somethingdifferent in the nursing home?A

A) He wanted to make it morepleasant for seniors.

B) He wanted to apply his Harvardtraining to practice.

C) He felt it his duty torevolutionize its management.

D) He felt disappointed working in theenvironment.

48. What do we learn about Bill Thomasbringing animals and plants into the nursing home? D

A) He made a mess of the nursinghome.

B) He did something all professionals would do.

C) He won instant support from thestate authorities.

D) He acted in violation of the state law.

49. What has Bill Thomas beenpersistently advocating? C

A) Good health is not just a privilegeof the young.

C B) Nursing homes should be strictlylimited in size.

C) Getting old is by no meanssomething miserable.

D) Residences for seniors should berun independently.

50. How is Bill Thomas's new conceptreceived? A

A) It is gaining ground in many countries.

B) It is being heatedly debated worldwide.

C) It is considered revolutionary everywhere.

D) It is winning approval from the government.

 Passage 2

 Research shows that in developed countries, more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher quality diets— including more fruits and vegetables, fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people经济上处于不利地位的人群 report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense营养贫乏且能量密集. They are less likely to have food purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations公共卫生建议.

研究表明，在发达国家中，更富裕和受教育程度较高的人群倾向于消费更高质量的饮食，包括更多的水果和蔬菜、鱼类和全谷物。相反，经济上处于不利地位的人群报告的饮食往往营养贫乏且能量密集。他们的食品购买习惯不太可能符合公共卫生建议。

 These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower

income people. This relationship between social class and diet quality and health 饮食质量和健康 is extensively documented文献记载. However, the research does not explain why this is the case—a question that has significant implications for designing effective  policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.

这些饮食差异通常伴随着低收入人群中更高的肥胖和糖尿病发病率。社会阶层与饮食质量和健康之间的这种关系有大量文献记载。然而，研究并没有解释为什么会出现这种情况——这是一个对设计有效政策和措施以改善饮食和预防慢性疾病具有重要意义的问题。

 Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes(食谱). These approaches, however, oftenpresume less food literacy(i. e. food knowledge arid skills) among low-incomepeople. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited foodskills and knowledge?

公共卫生倡议通常侧重于提供营养教育和食谱来促进健康饮食。然而，这些方法往往假设低收入人群的食品知识和技能较少。是不健康的饮食真的由于糟糕的选择、有限的食品技能和知识吗？

 Research suggests that adults infood-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure householdsto adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficientin food preparation and cooking skills. There is no indication that increasingfood skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.

研究表明，食品不安全家庭的成年人与食品安全家庭的成年人一样有可能调整食谱使其更健康。他们在食品准备和烹饪技能方面也同样熟练。没有迹象表明增加食品技能或预算技能会减少食品不安全。

 Instead, disadvantaged groupsare constrained by their economic, material and social circumstances. Forexample, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada,where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritiousfoods. It's well-established that得到充分证实 food prices are an important determinant决定因素 of food choice.

相反，处于不利地位的群体受到其经济、物质和社会环境的限制。例如，在加拿大，低收入是食品不安全的最强预测因素，在那里每八个家庭中就有一个家庭经历营养食品的不足。食品价格是食品选择的重要决定因素这一点已经得到充分证实。

 Low-income households低收入家庭 report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines饮食指南 because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.低收入家庭报告说，他们发现难以采用饮食指南，因为食品价格是改善饮食的障碍。

 When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costly.当研究人员估算人们实际食用的饮食成本时，质量更高的饮食通常更昂贵。

 While this may be so, it doesnot, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or costprohibitive. After all, not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consumepoor diets.

虽然情况可能如此，但这本身并不能证明健康饮食必然更昂贵或成本高得令人望而却步。毕竟，并不是所有社会经济地位不利的人都消费不良饮食。

 We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The Internet is full of recipes for“eating well on a budget.”

我们可以很容易地想到一些既便宜又有营养的食品和食谱。互联网上充满了“预算内吃得好”的食谱。

51. What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries? B

A) Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.

B) People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.

C) People's choice of food depends ontheir individual taste.

D) There is no consensus on whathigh-quality diets are.

52. What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health? A

A) A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.

B) A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.

C) Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.(给…排出先后顺序；给…优先权)(提供；条款；供给；供应品)

D) Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.

53. What does research reveal aboutadults in food-insecure households? D

A) Their eating habits need to be changed.

B) Their food literacy has been improving.

C) They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.

D) They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.

54. What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada? C

A) Teaching them budgeting skills B)Increasing their food choices.

C) Enabling them to have more accessto nutritious foods.

D) Taking more effective measures toincrease food supplies.

55. What does the author suggestdisadvantaged people do to improve their health? B

A) Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.

B) Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.

C) Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the Internet.

D) Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.

Part IV Translation (30minutes) in the Chinese lunar calendar

 Directions: For this part, youare allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. Youshould write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 

在中国农历中， 立秋( Start of Autumn)意味着夏天的结束和秋天的开始。立秋带来的首先是天气的变化，气温逐渐下降。人们看到树叶开始变黄飘落时， 知道秋天已经来临， 这就是所谓的“-叶知秋”。但此时酷热的天气并未完全结束， 高温通常还会持续一段时间， 被称为“秋老虎”。立秋对农民意义重大， 这时各种秋季作物迅速生长、开始成熟， 收获的季节即将到来。 

Start of Autumn signifies the end of summer and the beginning of autumn in the Chinese lunar calendar. Firstly, Start of Autumn brings the change of weather, with the temperature gradually decreasing. When people see that leaves are turning yellow and falling, they realize that autumn has arrived, which is the so-called “knowing the autumn has arrived through the falling of one leaf”. However, the heat doesn’t entirely end at this moment. It usually lasts for a while, which is called "Autumn Tiger". Start of Autumn means a lot to farmers because at this time all kinds of autumn crops grow rapidly and begin to mature, and the season of harvest is coming.