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Radiography started in 1895 with the discovery of X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation. Soon these found various applications, from helping to find shoes that fit, to the more lasting medical uses. X-rays were put to diagnostic use very early, before the dangers of ionizing radiation were discovered. Initially, many groups of staff' conducted radiography in hospitals, including physicists, photographers, doctors, nurses and engineers. The medical speciality of radiology grew up around the new technology and this lasted for many years. When new diagnostic tests involving X-rays were developed, it was natural for the radiographers to be trained and adopt this new technology. This happened first with fluoroscopy, computed tomography and mammography. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was added to the list of skills used by radiographers, because they are also medical imaging, but these disciplines do not use ionizing radiation or X-rays. Although a nonspecialist dictionary might define radiography quite narrowly as "taking X-ray images", this has only been part of the work of radiographers and radiologists for a very long time. X-rays are also exploited by industrial radiographers in the field of nondestructive testing, where the newer technology of ultrasound is also used.

And radiology department is just a division which takes imaging exam of human body using X-rays in the hospital or some institutes. It is a very important examination section in the hospital. In the modem hospital, radiology depaitment is a section which is a set of exam, diagnosis and treatment. Many diseases in clinical departments are required to achieve the definite diagnosis by the exam of radiology equipment.

In our country, radiology departments of most hospitals are located in the IF or underground of the outpatient and inpatient department. Radiology department uses its equipment to take imaging examination of the human body. The imaging exam includes X-rays, magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasonography (USG), etc. Thus, the main equipment of radiology department include X-ray machine, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (USG) and nuclear medical imaging equipment. In some special hospitals, a number of dedicated medical imaging equipment should be equipped, fbr example, X-ray machine for chest radiography must be used in the chest hospital, and the orthopedics hospital should be equipped with X-ray machine fbr the limbs radiography. Beyond that, internal radiology information system (R1S), hospital information system (HIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and some other auxiliary devices should be equipped in the radiography department.