Unit Five For Want of a Drink

Period 9-10: Exercises

Preview: P130

1. Study how these words are formed.

1) thermo-, therm-: related to or caused by heat

thermal 热的/保温的; thermos flask 保温瓶; thelmometer 温度计; thermonuclear 热核的;

thermodynamics 热力学

2) equi-: indicates equality

equilibrium平衡; equilateral 等边的三角形; equal 平等的; equality 平等; equalize 使平等; equate 等于; equity 公平，公正; equivalent 相等物，等值物

3) aqua-: water in Latin. AIl these words are related towater:

aquifer 地下蓄水层; aqueduct 高价渡槽，引水渠， aquatic 水生的， aquanum 养鱼缸，水族馆

4) -ble, -ple: comes from the Latin -plus, meaning fold (倍数)

5) over: here means too much or too great:

overblown 过分渲染的; overdone 做过头了; overstated 夸大其词了;

overstaffed超员了; overestimated 估计过高的

6) en-, em-: preflxes added to nouns to indicate going orpu忧ing into or on, and causing to become

7) AII these are derivatives of "migrate."

8) AII these are derivatives of"vapor."

9) Note that "perma" comes from Latin, meaninglasting or meant to last forever.

10) saline, desalinate: saline 盐的，含盐的; desalinate 脱盐，海水淡化

11) Both contain the root "dense," meaningcontaining lots of things that are very close togother.

2. Explain the usage of the words in bold type.

1) 群众大会; 群众运动；大规模杀伤性武器；大规模的失业；物质不灭定律；每个星期天去做弥撒；一堆扭曲的金属

2) 在我膝上；最后一段；轻轻拍打

3) invite sb to speak; invite sb over for a game ofchess: 邀请

invitecriticism : 征求批评建议

inviteself destruction: 招政/导致

The waterlooks inviting: 吸引人的

4) open an account; send money to sb's account; have somemoney in one's account;

settleaccount: 账户/ 账本/户头

accountfor his behavior: 说明

accountfor 30%: 占

give aneyewitness account of sth: 叙述

do sth onsb's account:为了某人的缘故

On noaccount should we squander water resources : 在任何情况下/不管什么原因

take sthinto account:考虑在内

5) The plane for Seoul is due at eight thirty a.m..

The trainis due in five minutes. 按时到达

When areyou due (to give birth to a baby). 预产期/ 该生的时候是..

Therent/term paper is due next Monday. 该交……的时候

We had agood harvest due to the favorable weather conditions. 由于

He is dueto go to India for a state visit. 按规定

The carwas heading due south. 正(南方)

We mustgive the devil his due. (该说的)公道话

Have youpaid your union's dues? (工会)会费

 

Vocabulary: P135-136

1. pain/ ache/ hurt

pain:1. [ UC] a symptom of somephysical hurt or disorder; the feelings that you have in your body whenyou have been hurt or when you are ill/sick （身体上的）疼痛

2. [ UC] mentalor emotional suffering 痛苦；苦恼；烦恼

3. [ C] ( informal ) a person or thing thatis very annoying 讨厌的人（或事）；令人头痛的人（或事）

   She can be a real pain when she'sin a bad mood. 她脾气不好时，真是令人头痛。 

   It's apain having togo all that way for just one meeting. 就为了见一次面，要跑那么远的路，真烦死人了。

IDIOMS 习语

1. no ˌpain, no ˈgain: ( saying) usedto say that you need to suffer if you want to achieve sth 不劳则无获

2. on/under pain of sth: ( formal ) with the threat of having sth done toyou as a punishment if you do not obey 违则受到某种惩罚；违则以…论处

    They were required to cut pollution levels, on pain of a ￡10 000 fine if they disobeyed. 他们被要求降低污染水平，违则罚款1万英镑。

3. a pain in the neck/ass: ( informal ) a person or thing that is veryannoying 极讨厌的人或事物

 

ache: (often in compounds 常构成复合词 ) a continuous feeling of pain in a part of thebody （身体某部位的）疼痛

hurt: 1. (of part of your body) to feel painful;(of an action) to cause pain 指（身体部位）感到疼痛、（某一动作）引起疼痛：

   My feet hurt. 我脚疼。

   Ouch! That hurt! 哎哟！好疼！

2. [ Using.] afeeling of unhappiness because sb has been unkind or unfair to you 心灵创伤；委屈

   There was hurt and real anger inher voice. 她的声音显得既难过又真的生气。 

   It was a hurt that would take along time to heal. 那是需要很长时间才能愈合的创伤。

 

2. change; alter; modify; shift;vary; convert; mend

change:

alter:to become different 变更，改动； to make changes to a piece of clothing so that itwill fit you better 修改（衣服使更合身）

modify:to change sthslightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particularpurpose 调整；稍作修改；修饰，使更适合

shift:( of asituation, an opinion, a policy etc. 情况、意见、政策等 ) tochange from one state, position, etc. to another 变换；更替；变动; to change youropinion of or attitude towards sth, or change the way that you do sth 改变观点（或态度、做事方式等）

    Public attitudes towards marriagehave shifted over the past 50 years. 50年来，公众对婚姻的态度已经改变。

    The balance of power shifted awayfrom workers towards employers. 力量均势从工人向雇主倾斜。

    We need to shift the focus of thisdebate. 我们需要转换一下辩论的焦点。 

    The new policy shifted theemphasis away from fighting inflation. 新政策不再把重点放在抑制通货膨胀上。

vary:to change or bedifferent according to the situation （根据情况）变化，变更，改变；( of a group ofsimilar things 一组类似的事物 ) to be different from each other insize, shape, etc. （大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别，多样性

    The students' work variesconsiderably in quality. 学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。

    The menu varies with theseason. 菜单随季节而变动。 

    Prices vary according to the typeof room you require. 价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。

convert:to change from oneform, purpose, system, etc. to another （使）转变，转换，转化；to change one’sreligion or beliefs, opinion, a habit, etc.  （使）改变（宗教或信仰, 观点、习惯等）；（使）皈依，归附

    The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home. 那家旅馆将被改建成私人疗养院。

    What rate will I get if I convertmy dollars into euros? 如果我把美元兑换成欧元，汇率是多少？ 

    He converted from Christianity toIslam. 他由基督教改信伊斯兰教。

    I've converted to organicfood. 我改吃有机食物了

mend:  to repair sth that has been damaged or brokenso that it can be used again 修理；修补；to find a solution to a problem or disagreement 弥合（分歧）；解决（争端）

    mend your ˈways：to stop behaving badly 改过自新；改邪归正

    mendone's fences (with sb)：to find asolution to a disagreement with sb 解决纷争；消除隔阂；争取重新建立好关系

     Time can never mend.  时光永远无法弥补

3. substitute; replacement

substitute：a personor thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have 代替者；代替物；代用品

replacement：[ C] a thing thatreplaces sth, especially because the first thing is old, broken, etc. 替代品；替换物；[ C] ~ (for sb)a person who replacesanother person in an organization, especially in their job （尤指工作中的）接替者，替代者

 

P137

Translate the following sentences,paying attention to the use of hyperbole and understatement.

1. I have a thousand reasons to believe that the nextworld war will be fought over water.

我有一千条理由相信，下次世界大战将因争水而发生。

2. If you fìnd yourself alone in Central Park at night,hurry to the tiger 's lair because you will be safer there.

你若发现自己一个人夜游中央公园，那就赶快跑到狮子洞里去，在那里你会更安全些。

3. I have been taking tons of antibiotics lately. 我最近吃了成吨的抗生素。

4. Let's go to that small restaurant. The food there isnot bad. 我们上那家小饭店去吧。那里的菜味道还可以。

5. I mustn’t drink because I'm driving home. OK, maybejust a drop.

我不该喝酒，因为我要开车回家。好吧，就喝一丁点。

6. There is no ceiling to the expenditure. The sky is thelimit. 花销没有上限，想花多少就花多少。

7. Don't overreact. It's only a little misunderstanding. 别反应过度/小题大做。这只不过是一点小误会。

8. She was knoWs to be a walking encyclopedia, and the first time I mether, I realized that it was going to be the beginning of a beautiful friendship.

大家都知道她是本活百科全书。第一次见她我就感觉到这将是美好友谊的开始。

9. She has been buried in a mountain of paperwork in thelast two days, and has not slept a wink.

在过去的两天里她没合过眼，完全被如山般堆积的文书工作占据了。

10. When the man said that he was head over heels in love with her, herresponse was to say softly that she was not completely indifferent to himeither.

当那个男子说他已深深爱上了她，她的反应是轻轻地说了声她对他也并不是完全无功于衷。

11 . A lie can travel half way around the world while thetruth is putting on its shoes.

真理还在穿鞋的时候，谎言已经跑完了半个地球。

 

Grammar：P138-139

Implied condition

Definition: A condition, eitherreal or unreal, can be implied in sentences in different forms.

Example:

Ø  Priced or not, water is certainly valued, andthat value depends on the use to which it is harnessed.

Ø  Scarce or plentiful, water is above all local.

1.   Introduced by “todo”

ØTo have studied harder, you would have passedthe examination. =If you had studied harder, you…

2.   Introduced by“doing”

ØWalking alone in the dark, Mary would beterrified. =If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…

3.   Introduced by aprepositional phrase

ØIn different circumstances, I would have saidyes. =If circumstances had been different, I would…

4.   Introduced by anoun phrase

ØAny person who had behaved in that way wouldhave been dismissed.

      =If any person should behavein that way…, he would…

5.   Introduced by a“whether” clause

ØBelieve it or not, a 10-year-old girl beat aprofessional at chess.

      =Whether you believe it ornot, a girl…

 

More exercises:

2. Translate these sentences into English.

1) 要是得到更好的医疗，我爷爷本来是能活到八十岁的。

Withbetter medical care, my grandfather could have lived to eighty.

2) 即使是在枪杆子的威逼下，我也不会放弃我的信仰。

Even at gUnpointI wouldn 't renounce my beliefs.

3) 继续拖延会给我们造成更大的损失。 Further delay would cause us even greaterlosses.

4) 要不是有安全带，她在车祸中就会受重伤。

But forthe seat belt, she would have been severely injured in the (road) accident.

5) 一个没有强烈正义感的人是不会提出这件事的。

A manwithout a strong sense of justice wouldn't have brought the matter up.

6) 要不是有像她那样经验丰富的向导，我们很可能会陷在丛林中出不来。

Without anexperienced guide like her, we might have been trapped in the jungle.

7) 要是处在他的境地，我不知道我们中有多少人会做同样的事。

I wonderhow many of us would have done the same in his Position.

8) 要是那时有一台更加先进的计算机，我们会更快完成这项工作。

With amore sophisticated computer we would have completed the project much sooner.

9) 如果没有顽强的意志，即使身体健康的人也无法在两小时内爬到山顶。

Without astrong will, even a healthy man wouldn't have reached the top of the mountainin two hours.

10) 一个不善于随机应变的人是不可能在这种不利条件下完成这个任务的。

A lessresourceful person wouldn't have been able to carryout the task under such unfavorableconditions.