中医药学 Zhōngyī yàoxué Traditional Chinese medicine

Zhōngguó chuántǒng yīyàoxué shì yīgè wénhuà bǎokù, shì zhōnghuá mínzú yīxué zhìhuì de jiéjīng, tā duì zhōnghuá mínzú de fánróng chāngshèng qǐ dàole zhòngdà zuòyòng, duì shìjiè yīyàoxué de fǎ zhǎn zuò chūle hěn dà de gòngxiàn. Zhōngguó yīyàoxué yǒu zìjǐ dútè de lǐlùn hé tǐxì, tā de zhěngtǐ guān, yǎngshēng guān, yǐjí tā de hěnduō zhìliáo fāngfǎ, rú biànzhènglùnzhì, zhōngyào, zhēnjiǔ, ànmó, qìgōng děng, dōu shì shífēn dútè de. 

中国传统医药学是一个文化宝库,是中华民族医学智慧的结晶,它对中华民族的繁荣昌盛起到了重大作用,对世界医药学的发展做出了很大的贡献。中国医药学有自己独特的理论和体系,它的整体观、养生观,以及它的很多治疗方法,如辨证论治、中药、针灸、按摩、气功等,都是十分独特的。

Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure house of culture and the crystallization of Chinese medical wisdom. It has played an important role in the prosperity of the Chinese nation and made great contributions to the development of world medicine. Chinese medicine has its own unique theory and system, its holistic view, health concept, and many of its treatment methods, such as syndrome differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, qigong, are very unique.

中医概说 Zhōngyī gài shuō Overview of traditional Chinese Medicine

yuǎngǔ shíqí, zhōnghuá mínzú de zǔxiān zài láodòng hé shēnghuó zhōng, fāxiàn mǒu xiē zhíwù, dòngwù hé kuàngwù duì jíbìng yǒu zhìliáo zuòyòng, hái fāxiàn rén de shēntǐ mǒu yī bùwèi shòudào sǔnshāng, kěyǐ jiěchú lìng yī bùwèi de bìngtòng. Zài yuǎngǔ shénhuà “shénnóng cháng bǎicǎo” zhōng néng kàn dào zhèyàng de shìqíng. Jīngguò fǎnfù shíjiàn, xiān mínmen chuàngzàole zhōngyào hé zhēnjiǔ děng zhìliáo fāngfǎ. Zhànguó shíqí, zhōngguó chūxiànle yī bù wěidà de zhōngyī zhùzuò “huángdì nèijīng”. Zhè bù zuìzǎo de zhōngyī zhùzuò yùnyòng yīnyáng wǔháng xuéshuō, jiěshìle rén yǔ zìrán zhī jiān de mìqiè guānxì, yǐjí réntǐnèibù zàngfǔ zhī jiān de xiānghù guānxì, tíchūle duì jíbìng zhěnduàn hé zhìliáo de fāngfǎ. Shū zhōng tíchū de “bùzhì yǐ bìng zhì wèi bìng”, jí fáng bìng zhòng yú zhì bìng de sīxiǎng shì fēicháng shēnkè de.“Huángdì nèijīng” shì yī bù guānyú shēngmìng de bǎikē quánshū, wéi zhōngyīyào xué dǎxiàle lǐlùn jīchǔ. 

远古时期,中华民族的祖先在劳动和生活中,发现某些植物、动物和矿物对疾病有治疗作用,还发现人的身体某一部位受到损伤,可以解除另一部位的病痛。在远古神话“神农尝百草”中能看到这样的事情。经过反复实践,先民们创造了中药和针灸等治疗方法。战国时期,中国出现了一部伟大的中医著作《黄帝内经》。这部最早的中医著作运用阴阳五行学说,解释了人与自然之间的密切关系,以及人体内部脏腑之间的相互关系,提出了对疾病诊断和治疗的方法。书中提出的“不治已病治未病”,即防病重于治病的思想是非常深刻的。《黄帝内经》是一部关于生命的百科全书,为中医药学打下了理论基础。

In ancient times, the ancestors of the Chinese nation found that some plants, animals and minerals had therapeutic effects on diseases in their work and life. They also found that one part of the human body was injured, which could relieve the pain of another part. Such a thing can be seen in the ancient myth of "Shennong tasting a hundred herbs". After repeated practice, the ancestors created traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture and other treatment methods. During the Warring States period, a great Chinese medicine work Huangdi Neijing appeared in China. This earliest work of traditional Chinese medicine uses the theory of Yin Yang and five elements to explain the close relationship between man and nature, as well as the relationship between the internal organs of the human body, and puts forward the methods of disease diagnosis and treatment. The idea of "not treating the disease before it is treated", that is, prevention is more important than treatment, is very profound《 Huangdi Neijing 》is an encyclopedia about life, which lays a theoretical foundation for traditional Chinese medicine.

Dàole dōnghàn shíqí, zhōngyī lǐlùn hé shíjiàn qǔdé hěn dà chéngjiù, dà yīxué jiā zhāngzhòngjǐng xiě chūle “shānghán zá bìng lùn”, quèlìle zhōngyī “bàn zhèng lùn zhì” de zhòngyào sīxiǎng, zhāngzhòngjǐng bèi yù wèi “yī shèng”. Dōnghàn shí hái chūxiànle zhōngguó de dì yī bù yīyào xué zhùzuò “shénnóng běncǎo jīng” de, shū zhōng jìzǎile 365 zhǒng yàowù. Chúle zhāngzhòngjǐng yǐwài, zhōngguó gǔdài hái yǒu hěnduō zhùmíng de yīxué jiā, bǐrú zhànguó shíqí de biǎn què, dōnghàn shíqí de huá tuó, táng dài de sūnsīmiǎo, míngdài de lǐshízhēn, tāmen de yīshù dōu shì xiāngdāng gāomíng de. Biǎn què, zhāngzhòngjǐng, huá tuó, sūnsīmiǎo, lǐshízhēn, bèi chēng zuò “zhōngguó gǔdài wǔdà míngyī”. Sūnsīmiǎo xiě chū de “qiānjīn yàofāng” bèi yù wèi “gǔdài yīxué de bǎikē quánshū”; lǐshízhēn xiě chū de yī yào shū “běncǎo gāngmù”, jìzǎile 1892 zhǒng yàowù hé 11096 gè yàofāng, bèi chēng zuò “zhíwù xué jùzhù”. 

到了东汉时期,中医理论和实践取得很大成就,大医学家张仲景写出了《伤寒杂病论》,确立了中医“辦证论治”的重要思想,张仲景被誉为“医圣”。东汉时还出现了中国的第一部医药学著作《神农本草经》的,书中记载了365种药物。除了张仲景以外,中国古代还有很多著名的医学家,比如战国时期的扁鹊、东汉时期的华佗、唐代的孙思邈、明代的李时珍,他们的医术都是相当高明的。扁鹊、张仲景、华佗、孙思邈、李时珍,被称作“中国古代五大名医”。孙思邈写出的《千金要方》被誉为“古代医学的百科全书”;李时珍写出的医药书《本草纲目》,记载了1892种药物和11096个药方,被称作“植物学巨著”。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, great achievements were made in the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongjing, a great medical scientist, wrote treatise on Febrile Diseases and miscellaneous diseases, which established the important idea of "treatment based on syndrome". Zhang Zhongjing was known as "medical sage". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the first Chinese medical work Shennong materia medica Jing appeared, in which 365 kinds of drugs were recorded. In addition to Zhang Zhongjing, there were many famous medical experts in ancient China, such as Bian Que in the Warring States period, Hua Tuo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty. Their medical skills were quite brilliant. Bian que, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao and Li Shizhen are known as "five famous doctors in ancient China". Qian Jin Yao Fang written by Sun Simiao is known as the Encyclopedia of ancient medicine; Compendium of Materia Medica, written by Li Shizhen, records 1892 kinds of drugs and 11096 prescriptions, which is called "great works of Botany".

辨证论治 Biànzhènglùnzhì Syndrome differentiation and treatment

zhōngyī kànbìng de jīběn fāngfǎ shì “wàng, wén, wèn, qiè” sì zhěn fǎ. Wàng, shì guānchá bìngrén de qìsè hé jīngshén zhuàngtài; wén, shì tīng bìngrén chuǎnxī de shēngyīn hé xiù bìngtǐ de qìwèi; wèn, shì xúnwèn bìngrén fà bìng de guòchéng; qiè, shì àn bìngrén màibó de tiàodòng. Yīshēng bǎ suǒ dédào de zhèngzhuàng zònghé qǐlái, chēng wèi “zhèng”. Tōngguò duì “zhèng” de biànbié fēnxī, bìng jiéhé tiānshí děng zìrán qíngkuàng, jiù kěyǐ quèdìng zhìliáo fāngfǎle, zuìhòu gěi bìngrén kāi chū yào fāng. Zhè jiùshì “biànzhènglùnzhì”, yěshì zhōngyī kànbìng de guòchéng biànzhènglùnzhì shì zhōngyī de jīběn lǐlùn, nèiróng xiāngdāng fēngfù. Biànzhènglùnzhì bùshì tóutòng yī tóu, jiǎo tòng yī jiǎo, tā zhùzhòng de shì rén zhěngtǐ de yīnyáng pínghéng. Zhōngyī rènwéi réntǐ júbù de jíbìng, shì rén de zhěngtǐ chūle wèntí; réntǐnèibù de jíbìng huì yǐngxiǎng dào réntǐ wàibù, wàibù de jíbìng yě huì chuán rù nèibù. Zhōngyī de zhè zhǒng zhěngtǐ guān, shì yǐ yīnyáng wǔháng xuéshuō wèi jīchǔ de.

中医看病的基本方法是“望、闻、问、切”四诊法。望,是观察病人的气色和精神状态;闻,是听病人喘息的声音和嗅病体的气味;问,是询问病人发病的过程;切,是按病人脉搏的跳动。医生把所得到的症状综合起来,称为“证”。通过对“证”的辨别分析,并结合天时等自然情况,就可以确定治疗方法了,最后给病人开出药方。这就是“辨证论治”,也是中医看病的过程辨证论治是中医的基本理论,内容相当丰富。辨证论治不是头痛医头,脚痛医脚,它注重的是人整体的阴阳平衡。中医认为人体局部的疾病,是人的整体出了问题;人体内部的疾病会影响到人体外部,外部的疾病也会传入内部。中医的这种整体观,是以阴阳五行学说为基础的。

The basic method of traditional Chinese medicine is "look, smell, ask, take" four diagnostic methods. Hope is to observe the patient's complexion and mental state; To smell is to listen to the gasping voice of the patient and smell the smell of the sick body; Asking is the process of asking about the patient's illness; Cut, according to the patient's pulse beat. Doctors get the symptoms together, known as "syndrome.". Through the identification and analysis of "syndrome", and combined with natural conditions such as weather and time, we can determine the treatment method, and finally give the patient a prescription. This is "syndrome differentiation and treatment", and it is also the process of TCM treatment. Syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic theory of TCM, and its content is quite rich. Differentiation of symptoms and signs is not the treatment of headache, but the treatment of foot pain. It focuses on the balance of yin and Yang of the whole person. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the local diseases of the human body are the problems of the whole; Diseases inside the human body will affect the outside of the human body, and external diseases will also be introduced into the inside. This holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the theory of Yin Yang and five elements.

阴阳学说  Yīnyáng xuéshuō  Yin Yang Theory

yīnyáng xuéshuō shì yī zhǒng gǔlǎo de zhéxué sīxiǎng, tā rènwéi shìjiè shàng rènhé shìwù dōu yǒu yīn yǔ yáng liǎng fāngmiàn, rú de shì yīn, tiān shì yáng; nǚ shì yīn, nán shì yáng; rén de fùbù shì yīn, bèibù shì yáng; tǐnèi shì yīn, tǐ biǎo shì yáng; wǔzàng shì yīn, liùfǔ shì yáng, děng děng. Zhōngyī tíchū, réntǐ de yīn yǔ yáng xiāngduì pínghéng shí, rén shì jiànkāng de, rúguǒ yīnyáng de xiāngduì pínghéng bèi pòhuài, rén jiù shēngbìngle. Zhōngyī kànbìng, yào xiān zhěnduàn bìngrén shì yáng shèng yīn xū, háishì yīn shèng yáng xū. Yáng shèng shǔyú rè zhèng, yīshēng yào gěi bìngrén liáng hán yào; yīn shèng shǔyú hán zhèng, yào gěi bìngrén wēn rè yào. Mùdì shì gǎibiàn bìngrén shēntǐ yīnyáng piān shèng huò piān xū de xiànxiàng, shǐ yīnyáng pínghéng, xiāochú jíbìng yī zhè jiùshì zhōngyī xúnqiú de zhěngtǐ pínghéng. Lìrú bìngrén dé le gǎnmào, gēnjù yīnyáng xuéshuō, yīshēng yào zhěnduàn zhè zhǒng gǎnmào shì rè zhèng háishì hán zhèng. Rúguǒ bìngrén fà rè, pà lěng, tóutòng, liú bítì, kǒu bù kě, zhōngyī rènwéi zhè zhǒng zhèngzhuàng shì yīn shèng yáng xū, gǎnmào shǔyú hán zhèng. Zhè shí yīshēng jiù yào gěi bìngrén bǔ yáng, shǐ yáng qiángshèng qǐlái, yīshēng huì ràng bìngrén fúyòng jīng jiè, fángfēng děng yīxiē wēn rè yào. Rúguǒ bìngrén fà gāoshāo, chū hàn duō, tóutòng, bù liú bítì, kǒu kě, zhè shì yáng shèng yīn xū de zhèngzhuàng, gǎnmào shǔyú rè zhèng. Zhè shí yīshēng yào gěi bìngrén kāi yín qiào, bǎnlángēn děng yīxiē hán liáng yào, shǐ yīn qiángshèng qǐlái. 

阴阳学说是一种古老的哲学思想,它认为世界上任何事物都有阴与阳两方面,如地是阴,天是阳;女是阴,男是阳;人的腹部是阴,背部是阳;体内是阴,体表是阳;五脏是阴,六腑是阳,等等。中医提出,人体的阴与阳相对平衡时,人是健康的,如果阴阳的相对平衡被破坏,人就生病了。中医看病,要先诊断病人是阳盛阴虚,还是阴盛阳虚。阳盛属于热症,医生要给病人凉寒药;阴盛属于寒症,要给病人温热药。目的是改变病人身体阴阳偏盛或偏虛的现象,使阴阳平衡,消除疾病一这就是中医寻求的整体平衡。例如病人得了感冒,根据阴阳学说,医生要诊断这种感冒是热症还是寒症。如果病人发热、怕冷、头痛、流鼻涕、口不渴,中医认为这种症状是阴盛阳虚,感冒属于寒症。这时医生就要给病人补阳,使阳强盛起来,医生会让病人服用荆芥、防风等一些温热药。如果病人发高烧、出汗多、头痛、不流鼻涕、口渴,这是阳盛阴虚的症状,感冒属于热症。这时医生要给病人开银翘、板兰根等一些寒凉药,使阴强盛起来。

The theory of yin and Yang is an ancient philosophical thought. It holds that everything in the world has Yin and Yang. For example, the earth is Yin and the heaven is Yang; Female is Yin, male is Yang; The abdomen is Yin and the back is Yang; The body is Yin and the surface is Yang; The five zang organs are Yin, the six Fu organs are Yang, and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine suggests that when Yin and yang are in relative balance, people are healthy. If the relative balance of yin and Yang is destroyed, people will get sick. To see a doctor in traditional Chinese medicine, it is necessary to first diagnose whether the patient is Yang excess and yin deficiency or Yin excess and yang deficiency. Yang Sheng is a kind of fever. The doctor should give the patient cold medicine; Yin Sheng belongs to cold disease, so warm medicine should be given to the patient. The purpose is to change the phenomenon of excessive or deficient Yin and Yang in patients' body, balance yin and Yang and eliminate diseases. This is the overall balance sought by traditional Chinese medicine. For example, if a patient has a cold, according to the theory of yin and Yang, the doctor should diagnose whether the cold is a fever or a cold. If the patient is feverish, afraid of cold, headache, runny nose and not thirsty, traditional Chinese medicine believes that this symptom is Yin excess and yang deficiency, and cold belongs to cold. At this time, the doctor will give the patient Yang, make Yang strong up, the doctor will let the patient take Schizonepeta, Fangfeng and other warm drugs. If the patient has a high fever, sweating, headache, no runny nose and thirst, this is the symptom of Yang excess and yin deficiency. A cold belongs to fever. At this time, the doctor should prescribe Yinqiao, Banlangen and other cold herbs to make Yin strong.

五行学说 Wǔxíng xuéshuō  Five elements theory

zhōngguó zhéxué bǎ mù, huǒ, shì, jīn, shuǐ chēng zuò “wǔxíng”,“xíng” shì yùndòng biànhuà de yìsi. Gǔdài zhéxué rènwéi, wǔxíng zhī jiān xiàng shēng xiàng kè. Wǔxíng xiāngshēng shì: Mù shēnghuǒ, huǒ shēng tǔ, tǔshēng jīn, jīn shēng shuǐ, shuǐshēng mù; wǔxíng xiāngkè shì: Mù kè tǔ, tǔ kè shuǐ, shuǐ kè huǒ, huǒ kè jīn, jīnkèmù. Wǔxíng zhī jiān xiàng shēng xiàng kè, bǎochízhe shìjiè wànwù de dòngtài pínghéng. Zhōngyī bǎ wǔxíng jiéhé dào réntǐ zhōng, shì yǐ gān, xīn, pí, fèi, shèn wǔzàng wéi zhōngxīn de, rènwéi gānshǔ mù, xīn shǔ huǒ, pí shǔ tǔ, fèi shǔ jīn, shèn shǔ shuǐ. Ànzhào wǔxíng xiāngshēngxiàngkè de lǐlùn, zhè wǔzàng zhī jiān yěyǒu xiāngshēngxiàngkè de guānxì, lìrú: Pí (shǔ tǔ) qì kěyǐ chōngshí fèi (shǔ jīn) qì, zhè jiùshì “tǔshēng jīn”. Yīshēng zhìliáo fèi bù bìngzhèng, chángcháng xiān cóng bǔ píqì kāishǐ, yùnyòng de jiùshì “bǔ tǔshēng jīn” de fāngfǎ, pái qì zúle, fèi qì zìrán jiù bù xūle. Zhèlǐ shuō de “qì”, shì zhōngyīxué de yòu yīgè zhòngyào gàiniàn, zhōngyī rènwéi “qì” shì gòuchéng hé wéichí réntǐ shēngmìng huódòng de wùzhí jīchǔ. Shēngmìng huódòng zàiyú qì yǔ xuè zài réntǐnèi de yùnxíng zhōu liú. Qì xuè chōng shèng, yùnxíng zhèngcháng, rén tǐ jiù qiángjiàn; qì xuè bùzú, yùnxíng bù chàng, jiù huì shēngbìng. Qiánmiàn shuō de fèi bù yǒule bìngzhèng, shuōmíng fèi de qì xuè bùzú, fèi qìxūle, zhōng yī zhìliáo jiù yào gěi fèi bǔ qìle.

中国哲学把木、火、士、金、水称作“五行”，“行”是运动变化的意思。古代哲学认为,五行之间相生相克。五行相生是:木生火,火生土,土生金,金生水,水生木;五行相克是:木克土,土克水,水克火,火克金,金克木。五行之间相生相克,保持着世界万物的动态平衡。中医把五行结合到人体中,是以肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏为中心的,认为肝属木,心属火,脾属土,肺属金,肾属水。按照五行相生相克的理论,这五脏之间也有相生相克的关系,例如:脾(属土)气可以充实肺(属金)气,这就是“土生金”。医生治疗肺部病症,常常先从补脾气开始,运用的就是“补土生金”的方法,牌气足了,肺气自然就不虚了。这里说的“气”，是中医学的又一个重要概念,中医认为“气”是构成和维持人体生命活动的物质基础。生命活动在于气与血在人体内的运行周流。气血充盛,运行正常,人体就强健;气血不足,运行不畅,就会生病。前面说的肺部有了病症,说明肺的气血不足,肺气虚了,中医治疗就要给肺补气了。

In Chinese philosophy, wood, fire, scholar, gold and water are called "five elements", which means movement and change. According to ancient philosophy, the five elements are complementary. The five elements are: wood makes fire, fire makes earth, earth makes gold, gold makes water, and water makes wood; The five elements are: Wood conquers earth, earth conquers water, water conquers fire, fire conquers gold, and gold conquers wood. The five elements interact with each other to maintain the dynamic balance of all things in the world. Chinese medicine combines the five elements into the human body, with the liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney as the center. It holds that the liver belongs to wood, the heart belongs to fire, the spleen belongs to earth, the lung belongs to gold, and the kidney belongs to water. According to the theory of the five elements, the five zang organs also have the relationship of mutual generation and mutual restraint. For example, the spleen (belonging to earth) Qi can enrich the lung (belonging to gold) Qi, which is called "earth generates gold". When doctors treat lung diseases, they often start from Tonifying Spleen Qi, and use the method of "tonifying the earth to generate gold". If the brand Qi is sufficient, the Lung Qi will naturally not be deficient. "Qi" here is another important concept of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "Qi" is the material basis for the formation and maintenance of human life activities. Life activity lies in the circulation of Qi and blood in human body. If Qi and blood are full and run normally, the human body will be strong; Lack of Qi and blood, poor operation, will be sick. The disease of the lung mentioned above indicates that the Qi and blood of the lung are insufficient and the lung qi is deficient. TCM treatment is about to replenish qi for the lung.

中药 Zhōngyào traditional Chinese medicine

Zhōngyào shì zhōngyī shǐyòng di yàowù, yòng zhōngyào zhì bìng shì zhōngyī zhǔyào de zhìliáo fāngfǎ. Zhōngyào yǒu zhíwù yào (zhōngcǎoyào), kuàngwù yào, dòngwù yào sān zhǒng. Zhōngcǎoyào zhǔyào shi zhíwù de gēn, jīng, yè, huā, guǒ, pí děng, yòng dé zuì guǎngfàn. Zǒu jìn zhōngyàodiàn, wén dào de shì dàndàn yào xiāng, nà shì láizì dà zìrán de qìxí zhōngyào néng zhì bìng, shì lìyòng zhōngyào de bùtóng tèxìng hé zuòyòng. Àn yàoxìng hé zuòyòng, zhōngyào kěyǐ fēnchéng liáng hán, wēn rè, shēng fú, chénjiàng děng duō zhǒng. Cóng wèijué shàng fēn, yǒu xīn, suān, gān, kǔ, chéng wǔ zhǒng. Fúyòng zhōngyào, yěshì yǐ tǐnèi yīnyáng pínghéng wèi mùdì. Rú yáng shèng (rè zhèng) yòng liáng hán yào, yīn shèng (hán zhèng) yòng wēn rè yào; bìng de zhènghòu xiàngshàng (rú ǒutù, hāi chuǎn) yòng chénjiàng yào, xiàng xià (rú biàn xiè) yòng shēng fú yào, děng děng. Chī zhōngyào, yào bǎ yīxiē yàowù pèihé zài yīqǐ, zài shāguō zhōng jiāshuǐ zhǔ, qǔ zhī fúyòng. Zhōngyào hái yǒu wán, sàn, gāo, dān děng zhōng chéngyào, zhōng chéngyào fúyòng fāngbiàn, hěn shòu rénmen huānyíng. Zài zhōngguó, fúyòng zhōngyào de rén hěnduō, zhè shì yīn wéi zhōngyào yībān méiyǒu huò hěn shǎo yǒu fùzuòyòng; yīxiē yòng xīyào zhì bù hǎo de bìng, yòng zhōngyào néng zhì hǎo; yǒuxiē bìngrén bù shìhé chī xīyào, kěyǐ yòng zhōngyào dàitì. Zhōngguó dāngdài nǚ yàoxué jiā tú yōuyōu shòu zhōngyī jīngdiǎn zhùzuò de qǐfā, cóng qīng hāo cǎo zhōng fēnlí chū qīng hāo sù yìngyòng yú nüèjí zhìliáo, zhěngjiùle quánqiú shù bǎi wàn rén de shēngmìng, zhè shì zhōngguó chuántǒng zhōngcǎoyào duì rénlèi jiànkāng shìyè de jùdà gòngxiàn. Chúle zhōng yào wài, zhēnjiǔ yěshì xiàoguǒ hěn hǎo de zhōngyī zhìliáo fāngfǎ, zǎoyǐ yǐnqǐ xīfāng rén de qiángliè xìngqù.2010 Nián zhōngyī zhēnjiǔ liè rù “shìjiè fēi wùzhí wénhuà yíchǎn mínglù”.2011 Nián “huángdì nèijīng” hé “běncǎo gāngmù” fēnbié liè rù “shìjiè jìyì mínglù”.2015 Nián nǚ yàoxué jiā tú yōuyōu huòdé “nuò bèi'ěr shēnglǐxué huò yīxué jiǎng”.

中药是中医使用的药物,用中药治病是中医主要的治疗方法。中药有植物药(中草药)、矿物药、动物药三种。中草药主要是植物的根、茎、叶、花、果、皮等,用得最广泛。走进中药店,闻到的是淡淡药香,那是来自大自然的气息中药能治病,是利用中药的不同特性和作用。按药性和作用,中药可以分成凉寒、温热、升浮、沉降等多种。从味觉上分,有辛、酸、甘、苦、成五种。服用中药,也是以体内阴阳平衡为目的。如阳盛(热症)用凉寒药,阴盛(寒症)用温热药;病的症候向上(如呕吐、咳喘)用沉降药,向下(如便泻)用升浮药,等等。吃中药,要把一些药物配合在一起,在砂锅中加水煮,取汁服用。中药还有丸、散、膏、丹等中成药,中成药服用方便,很受人们欢迎。在中国,服用中药的人很多,这是因为中药一般没有或很少有副作用;一些用西药治不好的病,用中药能治好;有些病人不适合吃西药,可以用中药代替。中国当代女药学家屠呦呦受中医经典著作的启发,从青蒿草中分离出青蒿素应用于疟疾治疗,拯救了全球数百万人的生命,这是中国传统中草药对人类健康事业的巨大贡献。除了中药外,针灸也是效果很好的中医治疗方法,早已引起西方人的强烈兴趣。2010年中医针灸列入《世界非物质文化遗产名录》。2011年《黄帝内经》和《本草纲目》分别列入《世界记忆名录》。2015年女药学家屠呦呦获得“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”。

Traditional Chinese medicine is the medicine used in traditional Chinese medicine, and treating diseases with traditional Chinese medicine is the main treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine. There are three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine: plant medicine (Chinese herbal medicine), mineral medicine and animal medicine. Chinese herbal medicine is mainly the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and skin of plants, which is most widely used. When you walk into a traditional Chinese medicine store, you can smell the faint fragrance of traditional Chinese medicine, which is the breath from nature. Traditional Chinese medicine can cure diseases, and it is the use of different characteristics and functions of traditional Chinese medicine. According to their properties and functions, traditional Chinese medicine can be divided into cold, warm, floating, settling and so on. From the taste, there are five kinds: pungent, sour, sweet, bitter and mature. Taking traditional Chinese medicine also aims at balancing yin and Yang in the body. Such as Yang Sheng (heat) with cold medicine, Yin Sheng (cold) with warm medicine; The symptoms of the disease upward (such as vomiting, cough and asthma) with sedative drugs, downward (such as diarrhea) with floating drugs, and so on. Take Chinese medicine, to put some drugs together, add water in casserole, take juice. There are also pills, powders, ointments, pills and other proprietary Chinese medicines, which are easy to take and very popular. In China, there are many people who take traditional Chinese medicine, because traditional Chinese medicine generally has no or few side effects; Some diseases that cannot be cured by western medicine can be cured by Chinese medicine; Some patients are not suitable for western medicine and can be replaced by traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the classic works of traditional Chinese medicine, Tu Youyou, a contemporary Chinese female pharmacist, isolated artemisinin from Artemisia annua and applied it to malaria treatment, saving millions of lives around the world. This is a great contribution of traditional Chinese herbal medicine to human health. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture is also a very effective method of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which has already aroused strong interest in the West. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine was listed in the world intangible cultural heritage list. In 2011, Huangdi Neijing and compendium of Materia Medica were listed in the world memory list respectively. In 2015, Tu Youyou, a female pharmacist, won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.