中国茶文化

Chinese tea culture

Zhōngguó chá 

“kāimén qī jiàn shì-cháimǐyóuyán jiàng cù chá.” Zhè jù súhuà shuō chūle chá shì zhōngguó rén rìcháng shēnghuó zhōng de bìxūpǐn. Rì rì yǐn chá, xiánxiá pǐn chá, kè lái jìng chá, fǎng yǒu zèng chá, shì zhōngguó rén qiān bǎi nián lái de fēngsú xíguàn. Chá wénhuà shì zhōngguó wénhuà zhōng zuì shǐ rén gǎndào qīnqiè de bùfèn. 

Zhōngguó-chá de gùxiāng 

zhōngguó shì cháyè de yuán chǎndì, yǐn chá, zhǒng chá, zhì chá shì cóng zhōngguó kāishǐ de. Yǒu yīgè yuǎngǔ shénhuà:“Shénnóng cháng bǎicǎo, rì yù qīshí'èr dú, dé chá ér jiě.” Zhè “chá” jiùshì chá. Gùshì shuō shénnóng shì zài wéi rénmen xúnzhǎo kě shí zhíwù shí duō cì zhòngdú, dàn tā fāxiànle chá, érqiě chá hái jiùle tā de mìng. Jù kǎozhèng, zài hěn zhǎng yīduàn shíjiān lǐ chá shì yàowù, dàyuē dào xīhàn shí cái chéngwéi rénmen rìcháng de yǐnpǐn. Rénmen zuìchū yǐnyòng yěshēng chá, hòulái kāishǐ zhòngzhí cháshù. Jīntiān, zhōngguó réngrán yǒu shìjiè shàng zuì guǎngkuò de chá qū. Zhōngguó lìdài de chá shū hěnduō, táng dài lùyǔ de “chá jīng” shì shìjiè shàng de dì yī bù chá shū, rénmen chēng lùyǔ wèi “chá shén”.

中国茶

“开门七件事-柴米油盐酱醋茶。”这句俗话说出了茶是中国人日常生活中的必需品。日日饮茶,闲暇品茶,客来敬茶,访友赠茶,是中国人千百年来的风俗习惯。茶文化是中国文化中最使人感到亲切的部分。

中国-茶的故乡

中国是茶叶的原产地,饮茶、种茶、制茶是从中国开始的。

有一个远古神话:“神农尝百草,日遇七十二毒,得茶而解。”这“茶”就是茶。故事说神农氏在为人们寻找可食植物时多次中毒,但他发现了茶,而且茶还救了他的命。据考证,在很长一段时间里茶是药物,大约到西汉时才成为人们日常的饮品。

人们最初饮用野生茶,后来开始种植茶树。今天,中国仍然有世界上最广阔的茶区。

中国历代的茶书很多,唐代陆羽的《茶经》是世界上的第一部茶书,人们称陆羽为“茶神”。

Chinese tea

"Seven things to open the door - firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea." This saying says that tea is a necessity in Chinese daily life. Drinking tea every day, tasting tea in leisure time, offering tea to guests and visiting friends are the customs of Chinese people for thousands of years. Tea culture is the most intimate part of Chinese culture.

China - the hometown of tea

China is the origin of tea, tea drinking, tea planting and tea making began in China.There is an ancient myth: "Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs, met 72 poisons every day, got tea and solved." This "tea" is tea. The story says that Shennong was poisoned many times when he was looking for edible plants for people, but he found tea, and tea also saved his life. According to research, tea was a medicine for a long time, and it was not until the Western Han Dynasty that it became a daily drink.People first drank wild tea, then began to plant tea. Today, China still has the broadest tea area in the world. There are many tea books in Chinese history. Lu Yu's tea classic in Tang Dynasty is the first tea book in the world. People call Lu Yu "the God of tea".

Chá de zhǒnglèi 

zhōngguó chá yībān fēn wéi hóngchá, lǜchá, wūlóngchá, huāchá hé jǐn yā chá wǔdà lèi, gè lèi yòu bāokuò hěn duō pǐnzhǒng. Hóngchá shì jīngguò fā chún de chá. Cháshuǐ hóng yàn, cháyè nài pào. Ān wēi de dōu mén hóngchá hé yúnnán de diān hóngchá zuì yǒumíng. Lǜchá shì yī zhǒng bù jīngguò fāxiào de chá. Cháshuǐ cuìlǜ, cháwèi qīngxiāng. Míng chá yǒu hángzhōu xīhú de lóngjǐng, sūzhōu tàihú de bìluóchūn děng. Wūlóngchá shì yī zhǒng bàn fāxiào de chá. Cháshuǐ duō wèi tòumíng hǔpò sè, xiāngwèi chíjiǔ. Fújiàn de wǔyí yán chá zuì yǒumíng, qízhōng dàhóng páo gèng shì xiǎngyù zhōngwài. Huāchá shì yòng lǜchá huò hóngchá, niǎo lóng chá zuò yuánliào, yòng gè zhǒng xiānghuā xūn zhì chéng de. Cháshuǐ huáng lǜ míngliàng, yǒu xiānhuā de fāngxiāng. Fújiàn de mòlìhuā chá zuì yǒumíng. Jǐn yā chá shì yāzhì chéng gè zhǒng xíngzhuàng de kuài chá, yǒu zhuān xíng, yuán bǐng xíng, wǎn xíng děng. Zuì hǎo de jǐn yā chá yào shù yúnnán pǔ'ěr chá hé sìchuān tuóchále.

茶的种类

中国茶一般分为红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶、花茶和紧压茶五大类,各类又包括很多品种。红茶是经过发醇的茶。茶水红艳,茶叶耐泡。安微的祁门红茶和云南的滇红茶最有名。

绿茶是一种不经过发酵的茶。茶水翠绿，茶味清香。名茶有杭州西湖的龙井、苏州太湖的碧螺春等。

乌龙茶是一种半发酵的茶。茶水多为透明琥珀色,香味持久。福建的武夷岩茶最有名,其中大红袍更是享誉中外。

花茶是用绿茶或红茶、乌龙茶做原料,用各种香花熏制成的。茶水黄绿明亮,有鲜花的芳香。福建的茉莉花茶最有名。

紧压茶是压制成各种形状的块茶,有砖形、圆饼形、碗形等。最好的紧压茶要数云南普洱茶和四川沱茶了。

Types of tea

Chinese tea is generally divided into five categories: black tea, green tea, oolong tea, flower tea and pressed tea

Many varieties. Black tea is a kind of mellow tea. The tea is red and bright, and the tea is resistant to bubbles. Anwei's Doumen black tea and Yunnan's Dian black tea are the most famous.

Green tea is a kind of tea without fermentation. The tea is green and fragrant. Famous teas include Longjing, the West Lake in Hangzhou

Biluochun in Suzhou and Taihu Lake.

Oolong tea is a kind of semi fermented tea. Most of the tea is transparent amber, with a lasting fragrance. Wuyi rock tea in Fujian is the most famous, among which Dahongpao is famous at home and abroad.

Scented tea is made of green tea, black tea and oolong tea and smoked with various fragrant flowers. The tea is bright yellow green with the fragrance of fresh flowers. The jasmine tea in Fujian is the most famous.

Pressed tea is pressed into a variety of shapes, such as brick shape, round cake shape, bowl shape, etc. The best pressed tea is Yunnan Pu'er tea and Sichuan Tuo tea.

Yībān lái shuō, běifāng rén ài hē huāchá, jiāngsū, zhèjiāng yīdài de rén ài hē lǜchá, fújiàn, guǎngdōng, táiwān yīdài de rén ài hē wūlóngchá, xīnán yīdài de rén ài hē pǔ'ěr chá, biānjiāng gè shǎoshù mínzú ài hē jǐn yā chá. Ménggǔ zúrén hē chá, yào zài chá lǐ fàng jìn nǎi hé yán, chéngwéi nǎichá; zàngzú rén hē chá, xǐhuān jiā rén sūyóu hé yán, jiào zuò sūyóuchá. Zài zhōngguó, yǐn chá yěshì yī mén yìshù, nà zhǒng yòng dà wǎn dàkǒu hē de zuòfǎ, zhǐ néng jiěkě, shì cháng bù dào chá de běn wèi de. Hē chá yào màn man pǐncháng chá de wèidào, zhè jiào “pǐn chá”. Pǐn chá kěyǐ zhèyàng zuò: Chá chōng pào hǎo hòu, xiān bǎ chábēi pěng dào bízi xiàbian wén yīhuǐ'er, zhè jiào “xiāng”; jiēzhe xīnshǎng bēi lǐ cháyè de zītài, zhè jiào “guān sè”; ránhòu hè yī xiǎokǒu hán zài zuǐ lǐ, xì xì pǐncháng chá de wèidào, zuìhòu màn man hē xiàqù, zhè jiào “shǎng wèi”. Zhè zhǒng “wén xiāng-guān sè-shǎng wèi” de pǐn chá bùzhòu, jí píqì de rén hěn nán zuò dào.

一般来说,北方人爱喝花茶,江苏、浙江一带的人爱喝绿茶,福建、广东、台湾一带的人爱喝乌龙茶,西南一带的人爱喝普洱茶,边疆各少数民族爱喝紧压茶。蒙古

族人喝茶,要在茶里放进奶和盐,成为奶茶;藏族人喝茶,喜欢加人酥油和盐,叫作酥油茶。

在中国,饮茶也是一门艺术,那种用大碗大口喝的做法,只能解渴,是尝不到茶的本味的。喝茶要慢慢品尝茶的味道,这叫“品茶”。品茶可以这样做:茶冲泡好后,先把茶杯捧到鼻子下边闻一会儿,这叫“香”;接着欣赏杯里茶叶的姿态,这叫“观色”;然后喝一小口含在嘴里,细细品尝茶的味道,最后慢慢喝下去,这叫“赏味”。这种“闻香-观色-赏味”的品茶步骤,急脾气的人很难做到。

Generally speaking, people in the North like to drink scented tea, people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang like to drink green tea, people in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan like to drink oolong tea, people in the southwest like to drink Pu'er tea, and ethnic minorities in the frontier like to drink pressed tea. Mongolia

When people drink tea, they should put milk and salt into it to become milk tea. When Tibetans drink tea, they like to add butter and salt, which is called butter tea.

In China, drinking tea is also an art. Drinking tea in a big bowl can only quench one's thirst, but can't taste the essence of tea. Drink tea to slowly taste the taste of tea, which is called "tasting tea". Tea tasting can be done in this way: after the tea is brewed, first hold the cup under the nose to smell for a while, which is called "fragrance"; then enjoy the posture of the tea in the cup, which is called "watching the color"; then drink a small mouthful in the mouth, savor the taste of the tea carefully, and finally drink slowly, which is called "appreciating the taste". This kind of tea tasting step of "smell, observe color and appreciate taste" is difficult for impatient people to achieve.

Yǐn chá huódòng zuì yǒuqù de shì gǔdài de “dòu chá”, wénrénmen yīqǐ pǐn chá, píng chū hǎo chá lái, shéi de chá zuì hǎo, jiù gǎndào shífēn guāngcǎi. Xiànzài guǎngdōng, fújiàn yīdài yǒuyī zhǒng pǐn chá fāngfǎ, jiào “gōngfū chá”, jùshuō jiùshì cóng dòu chá yǎnbiàn lái de. Rì rì yǐn chá, kè lái jìng chá, zhè shì zhōngguó rén de shēnghuó fāngshì. Guǎngzhōu rén hé yángzhōu rén yǒu hē zǎochá de xí guàn, zǎochén qǐchuáng hòu, rénmen jiù fēnfēn zǒu jìn chálóu cháguǎn. Shànghǎi rén hé hángzhōu rén xǐhuān hē wǎn chá, chī wán wǎn fàn, pào shàng yī hú chá. Zài zhōngguó, chéngdū de cháguǎn zuìduō, cóng zǎo dào wǎn, cháguǎn lǐ zǒng shì zuò mǎnle rén. Xiàn zài dà chéngshì de niánqīng rén xǐhuān hē xiàwǔ chá, zhè shì cóng yīngguó chuán lái de shíshàng.

饮茶活动最有趣的是古代的“斗茶”,文人们一起品茶,评出好茶来,谁的茶最好,就感到十分光彩。现在广东、福建一带有一种品茶方法,叫“工夫茶”,据说就是从斗茶演变来的。

日日饮茶,客来敬茶,这是中国人的生活方式。广州人和扬州人有喝早茶的习惯,早晨起床后,人们就纷纷走进茶楼茶馆。上海人和杭州人喜欢喝晚茶,吃完晚饭,泡上一壶茶。在中国,成都的茶馆最多,从早到晚,茶馆里总是坐满了人。现在大城市的年轻人喜欢喝下午茶,这是从英国传来的时尚。

The most interesting part of tea drinking activities is the ancient "tea fight". When the literati taste tea together and judge the best tea, they will feel very glorious. Now there is a tea tasting method in Guangdong and Fujian, called "Gongfu tea", which is said to have evolved from tea fighting.

It's a Chinese way of life to drink tea every day and offer tea to guests. Guangzhou people and Yangzhou people have the habit of drinking morning tea. When they get up in the morning, people go into teahouses and teahouses one after another. Shanghainese and Hangzhounese like to have evening tea. After dinner, they make a pot of tea. In China, Chengdu has the most teahouses. From morning till night, teahouses are always full of people. Nowadays, young people in big cities like to drink afternoon tea, which is a fashion from Britain.