Zhōngguó mínjiān chuántǒng jiérì

中国民间传统节日 Traditional Chinese folk festivals

Zhōngguó shì yīgè jiérì dàguó. Zhōngguó de mínjiān chuántǒng jiérì hěnduō, jiào dà de jiérì yǒu chūnjié, yuánxiāo jié, duān wǔ jié, zhōngqiū jié děng. Zhōngguó chuántǒng jiérì duōshù qǐyuán yú nóngshì huódòng, jùyǒu xiānmíng de nóngyè wénhuà tèsè.

中国是一个节日大国。中国的民间传统节日很多,较大的节日有春节、元宵节、端午节、中秋节等。中国传统节日多数起源于农事活动,具有鲜明的农业文化特色。

China is a big country of festivals. There are many traditional folk festivals in China. The larger ones are Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid Autumn Festival and so on. Most of Chinese traditional festivals originated from agricultural activities and have distinctive agricultural cultural characteristics.

Chūnjié  春节 Spring Festival

Chūnjié, shì nónglì xīnnián, shì zuì lóngzhòng de mínjiān chuántǒng jiérì. Zhōngguó rénguò chūnjié, zhìshǎo yǒu 3000 duōnián de lìshǐle. Jùshuō, chūnjié qǐyuán yú shāng dài de “là jì”, shì nóngmínmen gēngzuò yī nián huòdé fēngshōu, dào niándǐ làyuè jǔxíng de yī zhǒng dáxiè tiānshén, de shén hé zǔxiān shénlíng, qíqiú láinián fēngtiáoyǔshùn de jìsì huódòng. Jìsì shí, rénmen bǎ niú, yáng, zhū děng jì pǐn jìngxiàn gěi shénlíngmen, érqiě biān gē biān wǔ, qìfēn fēicháng rèliè. Zhōngguó rén bǎguò chūnjié jiào “guònián”, shāng dài jiǎgǔwén “nián” zì miáohuà de jiùshì nóngmín bǎ shōuhuò de gǔwù bèi huí jiā qù de tújǐng.

春节,是农历新年,是最隆重的民间传统节日。中国人过春节,至少有3000多年的历史了。据说,春节起源于商代的“腊祭”,是农民们耕作一年获得丰收,到年底腊月举行的一种答谢天神、地神和祖先神灵,祈求来年风调雨顺的祭祀活动。祭祀时,人们把牛、羊、猪等祭品敬献给神灵们,而且边歌边舞,气氛非常热烈。中国人把过春节叫“过年”,商代甲骨文“年”字描画的就是农民把收获的谷物背回家去的图景。

The Spring Festival is the Lunar New Year and the most solemn traditional folk festival. Chinese people have celebrated the Spring Festival for at least 3000 years. It is said that the Spring Festival originated from the "wax Festival" in the Shang Dynasty. It is a kind of sacrificial activity held in December at the end of the year when farmers harvest a good harvest in a farming year to thank the gods of heaven, earth and ancestors and pray for good weather in the coming year. When offering sacrifices, people offer sacrifices such as cattle, sheep and pigs to the gods, singing and dancing, and the atmosphere is very warm. The Chinese people call the Spring Festival "Chinese New Year", and the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty describe the picture of farmers carrying the harvested grain home.

Gǔ shíhòu, méiyǒu “chūnjié” zhège míngchēng, rénmen bǎ nónglì xīnnián jiào zuò “yuándàn” huò “yuán rì”, zhè shì xīnnián dì yī tiān de yìsi.1912 Nián zhōngguó cǎiyòng gōnglì jìnián, chēng gōnglì 1 yuè 1 rì wèi “yuándàn”, zhèyàng, jiù bǎ chù zài “lìchūn” jiéqì qiánhòu de nónglì “yuándàn” gǎichēng “chūnjié”le. Chūnjié zài mínjiān shì fēicháng rènào de, yǒu hěnduō yǒuqù de xísú. Cóng nónglì làyuè èrshísān rì qǐ, rénmen jiù kāishǐ zhǔnbèi guòniánle. Jiājiāhùhù yào dàsǎochú, mǎi niánhuò, zuò xīn yī, tiē chuānghuā, guà niánhuà, xiě chūnlián, zuò gè zhǒng hào chī de shípǐn, rénmen dōu máng jíle. Mínjiān liúchuánzhe zhèyàng yī shǒu gēyáo:“Làyuè èrshísān táng guā zhān, làyuè èrshísì sǎo fáng rì, làyuè èrshíwǔ mó dòufu, làyuè èrshíliù dùn dàròu, làyuè èrshíqī zǎi gōngjī, làyuè èrshíbā báimiàn fā, làyuè èrshíjiǔ tiē ménkǒu (tiē chūnlián), sānshí er wǎnshàng áo yī sù, dà nián chū yī bài qīnyǒu.” Zhè shǒu gēyáo xíngxiàng de fǎnyìngle běifāng mínjiān guònián de rènào qíngjǐng.

古时候,没有“春节”这个名称,人们把农历新年叫作“元旦”或“元日”，这是新年第一天的意思。1912年中国采用公历纪年,称公历1月1日为“元旦”，这样,就把处在“立春”节气前后的农历“元旦”改称“春节”了。

春节在民间是非常热闹的,有很多有趣的习俗。从农历腊月二十三日起,人们就开始准备过年了。家家户户要大扫除,买年货,做新衣,贴窗花,挂年画,写春联，做各种好吃的食品,人们都忙极了。民间流传着这样一首歌谣:“腊月二十三糖瓜粘,腊月二十四扫房日,腊月二十五磨豆腐,腊月二十六炖大肉,腊月二十七宰公鸡,腊月二十八白面发,腊月二十九贴门口(贴春联),三十儿晚上熬一宿,大年初一拜亲友。”这首歌谣形象地反映了北方民间过年的热闹情景。

In ancient times, there was no such name as "Spring Festival". People called the lunar new year as "New Year's Day" or "New Year's Day", which means the first day of the new year. In 1912, China adopted the Gregorian calendar to record the year, and called January 1 of the Gregorian calendar "New Year's Day". In this way, the Lunar New Year's day before and after the solar terms of "the beginning of spring" was renamed "Spring Festival".

The Spring Festival is very lively among the people. There are many interesting customs. From the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, people began to prepare for the new year. Every household has to clean up, buy new year's goods, make new clothes, stick window decorations, hang New Year's pictures, write Spring Festival couplets, and make all kinds of delicious food. People are very busy. There is such a folk song: "on December 23, the sweet melon is sticky; on December 24, the house is swept; on December 25, the bean curd is ground; on December 26, the big meat is stewed; on December 27, the rooster is slaughtered; on December 28, the white hair is pasted; on December 29, the door is pasted (the Spring Festival couplets are pasted); on December 30, the children stay up all night; on the first day of the lunar new year, they worship their relatives and friends." This ballad vividly reflects the lively scene of the northern folk New Year.

Chūnjié de qián yītiān jiào “chúxì”, zhè shì cí jiù yíngxīn de yìsi, shì duì xīn de yī nián dì měihǎo qīwàng. Chúxì zhī yè, shì jiārén tuánjù de shíkè, yījiā rén wéi zuò zài yīqǐ, chī yī dùn fēngshèng de nián yèfàn, shuō shuōxiào xiào, jìnqíng huānlè. Hěnduō rén shènzhì yīyè bù shuìjiào, děnghòu xīnnián de dàolái, zhè zhǒng xísú jiào “shǒusuì”. Běifāng rén de nián yèfàn shì yīdìng yào chī jiǎozi de,“jiǎozi” de míngchēng shì qǔ “gèng suì jiāo zi” de yìsi, gǔrén bǎ 23 diǎn dào língchén 1 diǎn chēng wèi “zǐ shí”,“jiāo zi” shì jiù de yī nián de zǐ shí yǔ xīn de yī nián de zǐ shí xiàngjiāo de shíkè, suǒyǐ jiù bǎ zhège shíkè chī de zhè zhǒng shípǐn jiào “jiāo zi”le, hòulái xiěchéng “jiǎozi”. Nánfāng rén de nián yèfàn yào chī niángāo, yùyì “nián nián gāo”, jiùshì shēnghuó yī nián nián tígāo. 20 Shìjì 80 niándài yǐlái, jiājiāhùhù yībiān chī nián yèfàn, yībiān kàn diànshì shàng de “chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì”, wǎnhuì wényì jiémù jīngcǎi fēnchéng, rénmen chēng tā wèi “chūnwǎn”. Chūnwǎn shì yī zhuō fēngshèng de wénhuà nián yèfàn, shì quánguó gè zú rénmín de dà liánhuān.“Bàozhú yīshēng cí jiù suì”, chúxì yè zuì rènào de shì ránfàng biānpào, zhè shì wèile qūgǎn xiémó, qíqiú quán nián jíxiáng, yě néng zēngqiáng jiérì de huānlè qìfēn. Dàole zǐ shí, quánguó de nóngcūn hé chéngshì biānpào qí míng, yānhuā téngfēi, jùdà de shēnglàng zhèn'ěryùlóng, jǐngxiàng shífēn zhuàngguān. Wèile bǎohù huánjìng, xiànzài ránfàng biānpào de yuè lái yuè shǎole.

春节的前一天叫“除夕”,这是辞旧迎新的意思,是对新的一年的美好期望。除夕之夜,是家人团聚的时刻,一家人围坐在一起,吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭,说说笑笑,尽情欢乐。很多人甚至一夜不睡觉,等候新年的到来,这种习俗叫“守岁”。北方人的年夜饭是一定要吃饺子的,“饺子”的名称是取“更岁交子”的意思,古人把23点到凌晨1点称为“子时”,“交子”是旧的一年的子时与新的一年的子时相交的时刻,所以就把这个时刻吃的这种食品叫“交子”了,后来写成“饺子”。南方人的年夜饭要吃年糕,寓意“年年高”，就是生活一年年提高。

20世纪80年代以来,家家户户一边吃年夜饭,一边看电视上的“春节联欢晚会”,晚会文艺节目精彩纷呈,人们称它为“春晚”。春晚是一桌丰盛的文化年夜饭,是全国各族人民的大联欢。“爆竹一声辞旧岁”,除夕夜最热闹的是燃放鞭炮,这是为了驱赶邪魔,祈求全年吉祥,也能增强节日的欢乐气氛。到了子时,全国的农村和城市鞭炮齐鸣,烟花腾飞,巨大的声浪震耳欲聋,景象十分壮观。为了保护环境,现在燃放鞭炮的越来越少了。

The day before the Spring Festival is called "New Year's Eve", which means to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new. It is a good expectation for the new year. New year's Eve is a time for family reunion. The whole family sit around and have a big new year's Eve dinner. They talk and laugh and enjoy themselves. Many people even stay up all night, waiting for the arrival of the new year. This custom is called "Shou Sui". People in the North must eat dumplings for new year's Eve dinner. The name of "Jiaozi" means "Geng Sui Jiao Zi". The ancients called 23:00 to 1:00 in the morning "Zishi". Jiaozi is the time when the old year's Zishi intersects with the new year's Zishi. Therefore, this kind of food eaten at this time is called "Jiaozi", which was later written as "Jiaozi". People in the South eat rice cakes for their big dinner, which means "high every year", that is, life improves year by year.

Since the 1980s, every family has been eating New Year's Eve dinner while watching the "Spring Festival Gala" on TV. The gala shows are colorful, and people call it the "Spring Festival Gala". The Spring Festival Gala is a rich cultural new year's Eve dinner and a great party for the people of all ethnic groups in China. The most lively thing on New Year's Eve is setting off firecrackers, which is to drive away evil spirits, pray for good luck throughout the year, and enhance the festive atmosphere. At midnight, the country's rural and urban firecrackers, fireworks take off, huge waves deafening, the scene is very spectacular. In order to protect the environment, there are fewer and fewer firecrackers.

Chúxì, háizimen hái huì dédào cháng bèi men de yāsuìqián, zhè shì háizimen zuì kāixīn de shíkè. Nónglì zhēngyuè chū yī shì chūnjié. Zǎochén, rénmen dōu chuān shàng piàoliang de xīn yī, zǒu qīn fǎng yǒu, xiānghù bàinián, shuō xiē “guònián hǎo”“gōngxǐ fācái” yī lèi de jílì huà. Qīnpéng hǎoyǒu lìyòng zhège jīhuì huānjù xùtán, jiāshēn gǎnqíng hé yǒuyì. Xiànzài rénmen dǎ diànhuà huò yòng shǒujī fā duǎnxìn, wēixìn bàinián, zhè jiù gèng fāngbiànliǎo. Bàinián hé gè zhǒng mínjiān huān qìng huódòng yào chíxù bàn gè yuè, dào zhēngyuè shíwǔ yuánxiāo jié cái jié dōng. Jīntiān, chūnjié xísú suīrán yǒule hěn dà de biànhuà, dàn chūnjié zài zhōnghuá érnǚ de xīnzhōng yǒngyuǎn shì zuì zhòngyào de lú rì. Chūnjié de yìyì jiùshì tuányuán, jiùshì yào hé jiārén zài yīqǐ, zhè shìgè wú yán de yuēdìng.“Yǒu qián méi qián, huí jiā guònián”, měi dào chūnjié, shù yǐ yì jì de zhōngguó rén yōng xiàng huǒchē zhàn, qìchē zhàn, fēijī chǎng, zhǐshì wèile huí jiā chī shàng chúxì nián yèfàn, zhè jiùshì zhùmíng de “chūnyùn” qíguān. Chūnjié yěshì hěnduō yàzhōu guójiā de jiérì, rú yuènán, ménggǔ, hánguó, cháoxiǎn, tàiguó, xīnjiāpō, mǎláixīyà, yìndùníxīyà děng hěnduō guójiā dōuguò chūnjié. Xiànzài yīxiē ōuměi guójiā yěyǒu qìngzhù chūnjié de huódòngle.

除夕,孩子们还会得到长辈们的压岁钱,这是孩子们最开心的时刻。农历正月初一是春节。早晨,人们都穿上漂亮的新衣,走亲访友,相互拜年,说些“过年好”“恭喜发财”一类的吉利话。亲朋好友利用这个机会欢聚叙谈,加深感情和友谊。现在人们打电话或用手机发短信、微信拜年,这就更方便了。拜年和各种民间欢庆活动要持续半个月,到正月十五元宵节才结束。

今天,春节习俗虽然有了很大的变化,但春节在中华儿女的心中永远是最重要的芦日。春节的意义就是团圆,就是要和家人在一起,这是个无言的约定。“有钱没钱,回家过年”,每到春节,数以亿计的中国人拥向火车站、汽车站、飞机场,只是为了回家吃上除夕年夜饭,这就是著名的“春运”奇观。

春节也是很多亚洲国家的节日,如越南、蒙古、韩国、朝鲜、泰国、新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等很多国家都过春节。现在一些欧美国家也有庆祝春节的活动了。

On New Year's Eve, children will also get the money of their elders, which is the happiest moment for children. The first day of the lunar month is the Spring Festival. In the morning, people all wear beautiful new clothes, go to visit friends and relatives, and say good new year and congratulations on getting rich. Friends and relatives use this opportunity to gather and talk, deepen feelings and friendship. Now people call or send SMS and wechat to celebrate the year, which is more convenient. The new year and various folk celebrations will last for half a month, and the Lantern Festival will not be finished until the 15th of the first month.

Today, although the spring festival customs have changed a lot, Spring Festival is always the most important reed day in the hearts of Chinese children. The meaning of Spring Festival is reunion, that is to be with family, this is a wordless agreement. "Money and money, go home for the new year". Every Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of Chinese people hold to train stations, bus stations and airports, just to go home to eat new year's Eve dinner, which is the famous "Spring Festival" spectacle.

Spring Festival is also a festival for many Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Mongolia, South Korea, Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and many other countries have the Spring Festival. Now some European and American countries also have activities to celebrate the Spring Festival.

Yuánxiāo jié 元宵节 The lantern festival

Yuánxiāo jié shì zài nónglì zhēngyuè shíwǔ rì, zhēngyuè yě jiào “yuán yuè”,“xiāo” shì yèwǎn de yìsi. Yuánxiāo jié shì nónglì xīnnián de dì yī gè yuè yuán zhī yè, rénmen yǒu shǎng dēng hé chī yuánxiāo de xísú, yīncǐ yuánxiāo jié yě jiào “dēngjié”. Yuánxiāo jié shǎng dēng shì cóng hàndài kāishǐ de, yǐ yǒu 2000 duōnián de lìshǐle. Yuánxiāo jié shì fēicháng rènào de, dàole wǎnshàng, rénmen fēnfēn zǒu dào jiē shàng shǎng dēng, cāi dēng mí. Jiē shàng de cǎi dēng duō jíle, yǒu gōngdēng, zǒumǎdēng, huāhuì dēng, fēiqín zǒushòu dēng, cǎi dēng qúnjí, zhēngqídòuyàn. Rénmen hái yào fàng yānhuǒ, fàng biānpào, shuǎ shīzi, cǎi gāoqiào, pǎo hànchuán, jìnqíng huānlè. Yuánxiāo jié shì chūnjié de zuìhòu dà liánhuān. Yuánxiāo jié, rénmen yào chī “tāngyuán”. Tāngyuán zuìchū jiào “fú yuánzi”, zhè shì yī zhǒng wàimiàn shì mǐfěn lǐmiàn yǒu táng xiàn er de yuán xíng xiǎo shípǐn, zhǔ shí, fēicháng hào chī. Yīn wéi shì zài yuánxiāo jié chī, suǒyǐ rénmen jiù bǎ tāngyuán jiào “yuánxiāo”le. Yuánxiāo yòu yuán yòu tián, xiàngzhēng jiātíng de tuányuán hé xìngfú.

元宵节是在农历正月十五日,正月也叫“元月”，“宵”是夜晚的意思。元宵节是农历新年的第一个月圆之夜,人们有赏灯和吃元宵的习俗,因此元宵节也叫“灯节”。

元宵节赏灯是从汉代开始的,已有2000多年的历史了。元宵节是非常热闹的,到了晚上,人们纷纷走到街上赏灯,猜灯迷。街上的彩灯多极了,有宫灯、走马灯、花卉灯、飞禽走兽灯,彩灯群集,争奇斗艳。人们还要放烟火、放鞭炮、耍狮子、踩高跷、跑旱船,尽情欢乐。元宵节是春节的最后大联欢。

元宵节,人们要吃“汤圆”。汤圆最初叫“浮圆子”,这是一种外面是米粉里面有糖馅儿的圆形小食品,煮食,非常好吃。因为是在元宵节吃,所以人们就把汤圆叫“元宵”了。元宵又圆又甜,象征家庭的团圆和幸福。

Lantern Festival is on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar, and the first month is also called "the lunar month", and "night" means the night. Lantern Festival is the first full moon night of the lunar new year. People have the custom of enjoying the Lantern Festival and eating Lantern Festival. Therefore, Lantern Festival is also called "Lantern Festival".

Lantern Festival is a lantern festival from the Han Dynasty, has been more than 2000 years of history. Lantern Festival is very lively. At night, people go to the street to enjoy the lights and guess the fans. There are many colorful lights in the street, including palace lamp, horse lamp, flower lamp, flying animal lamp, colorful lamp cluster, competing for wonder and beauty. People also set off fireworks, firecrackers, lion playing, stilts, roller coasters, and enjoy themselves. Lantern Festival is the last big celebration of the Spring Festival.

On Lantern Festival, people want to eat "soup yuan". Tangyuan was originally called "floating round son", which is a kind of small round food with sugar filling inside the rice flour outside. It is very delicious to cook. Because it is eaten on Lantern Festival, people call Tangyuan "Lantern Festival". Lantern Festival is round and sweet, symbolizing the family reunion and happiness.

Duānwǔ jié 端午节 The Dragon Boat Festival

Duānwǔ jié shì zài nónglì wǔ yuèchū wǔ rì, súchēng “wǔ yuè jié”. Chuánshuō duānwǔ jié shì wèi jìniàn gǔdài àiguó shīrén qūyuán. Qūyuán shì zhànguó mòqí chǔ guó de guānyuán, tā zhǔzhāng liánhé qítā guójiā gòngtóng dǐkàng qiángdà de qín guó, kěshì chǔ wáng bùdàn bù cǎiyòng qūyuán de zhèngquè zhǔzhāng, fǎn'ér bǎ tā liúfàng dào biānyuǎn dì dìfāng. Hòulái, qín jūn zhànlǐngle chǔ guó de dūchéng, qūyuán fēicháng tòngxīn, bēifèn dì tiào jìn mìluō jiāng zìshāle. Qūyuán tóu jiāng de shíhòu, shì gōngyuán qián 278 nián nónglì wǔ yuèchū wǔ. Dāngshí, lǎobǎixìng hěn jìngpèi qūyuán de àiguó jīngshén, tīng shuō tā tiào jiāngle, fēnfēn huàzhe chuán qù jiù tā. Hòulái, měi dào wǔ yuèchū wǔ, rénmen jiù jǔxíng lóngzhōu sài jìniàn qūyuán. Lóngzhōu sài, biǎo dá liǎo dàng shí rénmen qiǎngjiù qūyuán de jípò xīnqíng hé duì qūyuán de chóngjìng. Duānwǔ jié, rénmen yào chī zòngzi, zòngzi shì yī zhǒng qīngxiāng tiánměi de shípǐn, yòng zhú yè huò wěi yè bǎ nuòmǐ bāo zhù, zhā chéng sānjiǎoxíng děng xíngzhuàng, yòng xiàn shéng zhā jǐn zhǔ shí. Chī zòngzi yě láizì rénmen duì qūyuán de chóngjìng, jùshuō qūyuán tóu jiāng hòu, rénmen méiyǒu dǎlāo dào qūyuán, wèi liǎo bù ràng yú xiā shānghài tā, rénmen bǎ mǐ zhuāng jìn zhútǒng tóurù jiānglǐ wèi yú xiā. Hòulái, yòng zhú yè huò wěi yè dàitì zhútǒng, chéngle jīntiān de zòngzi. Duānwǔ jié shì xiàjì de kāishǐ, mínjiān zài zhè yītiān yīzhí yǒu chā ài cǎo, hē xiónghuángjiǔ, bì wǔ dú děng duō zhǒng bìmiǎn hé qūchú wēnyì de bìxié huódòng.2009 Nián duānwǔ jié bèi liè rù “shìjiè fēi wùzhí wénhuà yíchǎn mínglù”.

端午节是在农历五月初五日,俗称“五月节”。传说端午节是为纪念古代爱国诗人屈原。屈原是战国末期楚国的官员,他主张联合其他国家共同抵抗强大的秦国,可是楚王不但不采用屈原的正确主张,反而把他流放到边远的地方。后来,秦军占领了楚国的都城,屈原非常痛心，悲愤地跳进汨罗江自杀了。屈原投江的时候,是公元前278年农历五月初五。当时,老百姓很敬佩屈原的爱国精神,听说他跳江了,纷纷划着船去救他。后来,每到五月初五,人们就举行龙舟赛纪念屈原。龙舟赛,表达了当时人们抢救屈原的急迫心情和对屈原的崇敬。

端午节,人们要吃粽子,粽子是一种清香甜美的食品,用竹叶或苇叶把糯米包住,扎成三角形等形状,用线绳扎紧煮食。吃粽子也来自人们对屈原的崇敬,据说屈原投江后,人们没有打捞到屈原,为了不让鱼虾伤害他,人们把米装进竹筒投入江里喂鱼虾。后来,用竹叶或苇叶代替竹筒,成了今天的粽子。

端午节是夏季的开始,民间在这一天一直有插艾草、喝雄黄酒、避五毒等多种避免和驱除瘟疫的辟邪活动。2009年端午节被列入《世界非物质文化遗产名录》。

Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of May, commonly known as may Festival. It is said that Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Quyuan, an ancient patriotic poet. Quyuan was an official of Chu state at the end of the Warring States period. He advocated that other countries should resist the powerful Qin state together. However, the king of Chu not only did not adopt Quyuan's correct idea, but he was left to a remote place. Later, Qin army occupied the capital of Chu state, Quyuan was very sad, and jumped into Miluo River and committed suicide. When Quyuan was throwing River, it was the fifth day of May of the lunar calendar in 278 BC. At that time, the people admired Quyuan's patriotism, and heard that he jumped the river and rowed to save him. Later, every five months to the beginning of May, people hold dragon boat race to commemorate Quyuan. Dragon Boat Race expressed people's urgent mood and reverence for Quyuan.

At Dragon Boat Festival, people want to eat zongzi, which is a kind of sweet and fragrant food. It is wrapped with bamboo leaves or reed leaves, and then it is shaped into triangles, and cooked tightly with string. Eating zongzi also comes from people's reverence for Quyuan. It is said that after Quyuan was thrown into the river, people did not salvage Quyuan. In order to prevent fish and shrimp from hurting him, people put rice into bamboo tubes and put them into the river to feed them. Later, bamboo leaves or reed leaves instead of bamboo tubes became today's zongzi.

Dragon Boat Festival is the beginning of summer. On this day, people have been planting the grass, drinking male yellow wine, avoiding five poisons and other activities to avoid and eliminate the plague. The Dragon Boat Festival in 2009 was listed in the list of world intangible cultural heritage.

Zhōngqiū jié 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival

Nónglì bā yuè shíwǔ rì shì zhōngqiū jié, xiǎnrán, zhège jiérì yīn zài qiūjì zhèngzhòng ér dé míng. Zhōngqiū jié shì yīgè gǔlǎo ér měihǎo de jiérì,“yuè dào zhōngqiū fèn wài míng”, zhè tiān de wǎnshàng, quánjiārén yào wéi zuò zài yīqǐ shǎng yuè, chī yuèbǐng hé shuǐguǒ, huàshuō “cháng'é bēn yuè” děng guānyú yuèliàng de shénhuà gùshì. Zhōngqiū jié yǒu 3000 duōnián de lìshǐle. Jù gǔshū jìzǎi, zhōu dài yǒu nónglì bā yuè shíwǔ rì zhōu wáng jì bài yuèliàng, qíqiú wǔgǔ fēngshōu de yíshì, yě jiùshì “qiū sì”, chuán dào mínjiān, jiù jiànjiàn chéngwéi shǎng yuè de mínjiān jiérìle. Zhōngqiū jié shì yīdìng yào chī yuèbǐng de, yuèbǐng zuò chéng yuán yuè de xíngzhuàng, xiàngzhēngzhe tuányuán hé měihǎo. Yuèbǐng lǐmiàn yǒu xiàn er, yòu hǎokàn yòu hào chī. Zài zhōngguó rén de xīnmù zhōng, yuèliàng shì měihǎo, tuányuán de xiàngzhēng.“Měi féng jiājié bèi sī qīn”, qiān bǎi nián lái, yuǎnlí jiāxiāng de rén zài zhōngqiū zhī yè zǒng shì yào yín sòng táng dài dà shīrén lǐbái de “jìngyè sī”:“Chuáng qián míngyuèguāng, yí shì dìshàng shuāng. Jǔ tóu wàng míngyuè, dītóu sī gùxiāng.” Míng yuè dāngkōng, sìhū měi yīcùn yuèguāng dōu bǎohánzhe duì jiā rén de sīniàn yīyī zhōngqiū jié shì yīgè chōngmǎn nóngyù qīnqíng de jiérì.

农历八月十五日是中秋节,显然,这个节日因在秋季正中而得名。中秋节是一个古老而美好的节日,“月到中秋分外明”,这天的晚上,全家人要围坐在一起赏月，吃月饼和水果,话说“嫦娥奔月”等关于月亮的神话故事。

中秋节有3000多年的历史了。据古书记载,周代有农历八月十五日周王祭拜月亮、祈求五谷丰收的仪式,也就是“秋祀”,传到民间,就渐渐成为赏月的民间节日了。中秋节是一定要吃月饼的,月饼做成圆月的形状,象征着团圆和美好。月饼里面有馅儿,又好看又好吃。

在中国人的心目中,月亮是美好、团圆的象征。“每逢佳节倍思亲”,千百年来，远离家乡的人在中秋之夜总是要吟诵唐代大诗人李白的《静夜思》:“床前明月光,疑是地上霜。举头望明月,低头思故乡。”明月当空,似乎每一寸月光都饱含着对家人的思念一一中秋节是一个充满浓郁亲情的节日。

August 15 of the lunar calendar is the Mid Autumn Festival, which is clearly named for its proper autumn. The Mid Autumn Festival is an ancient and beautiful festival, "the moon is to the Mid Autumn Festival, and the moon is divided into the Ming Festival". On this evening, the family will sit around to enjoy the moon, eat moon cakes and fruits, and say "Chang E runs to the moon" and other myths about the moon.

The Mid Autumn Festival has a history of more than 3000 years. According to ancient books, there are ceremonies in the Zhou Dynasty that the king of the Zhou Dynasty worships the moon on August 15 of the lunar calendar and prays for a harvest of five valleys. That is, autumn sacrifice, which is spread to the people, has gradually become a folk festival for the moon appreciation. Moon cakes must be eaten on Mid Autumn Festival. Moon cakes are made into round moon shapes, symbolizing reunion and beauty. Moon cakes have stuffing in it, which is good-looking and delicious.

In the Chinese mind, the moon is a symbol of beauty and reunion. "I think of my family every time I have a good festival". For thousands of years, people who are far away from their hometown have always recited the silent night thoughts by Li Bai, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, on the night of Mid Autumn Festival: "the moon before bed is bright, and it is suspected that it is frost on the ground. Raise your head and look at the moon, and think down about your hometown. " The moon is empty, it seems that every inch of the moon is full of thoughts for family members - Mid Autumn Festival is a festival full of strong family love.