I have a Dream(by Martin Luther King)

 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.
But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.

      一个世纪前，一位了不起的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言；我们现在就站在其颇有象征意义的塑像下面。对于千千万万在不公正的火焰中苦苦熬煎的黑奴来说，这份划时代的文件，是一座光芒万丈的希望灯塔，是结束他们被囚禁之漫漫长夜的快乐黎明。
　　然而一百年后，黑人依然未能获得自由；一百年后，黑人的命运依然被隔离的镣铐和歧视的锁链悲惨地束缚着；一百年后，在一个巨大无边的物质繁荣海洋中，黑人依然生活在贫困的孤岛上；一百年后，黑人依然在美国社会的角落中潦倒，在自己的土地上过着被放逐的生活。
　　因此我们今天来到这里，是要对这种耻辱的现状大声疾呼。在某种意义上，我们聚集在我们国家的首都来兑现一张支票。当共和国的缔造者写下宪法和独立宣言中的不朽文字时，他们实际上是签署了一张每个美国人都有权力继承的承诺书。这份文书承诺，所有的人，不错，黑人和白人一样，都被保障享有不可剥夺的生命、自由、追求幸福权利。

 I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.

You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.


       我清楚地知道，你们中的一些人是饱受了千辛万苦才来到这里的。有一些人刚从狭窄的牢房里走出来；还有一些人因为追求自由，为当地一波又一波的迫害所压垮，并且因警察一次又一次的兽行而步履艰难；你们尝尽了种种痛苦。让我们继续努力，坚信承受不应有的痛苦定有好报。回到密西西比州去，回到阿拉巴马州去，回到南卡罗来纳州去，回到佐治亚州去，回到路易斯安那州去，回到北方城市的贫民窟和黑人区去，知道这种情况能够且终将会改变的。让我们再不要在绝望的深谷里徘徊。

　　朋友们，我要向大家说，尽管我们在今天和明天会面对重重困难，我仍然有一个梦，一个深深扎根于美国梦的梦；这就是有朝一日，这个国家终将会站立起来，真正履行其信条：“我们认为所有人生来平等是不言自明的真理。”我梦到有朝一日在佐治亚州起伏的红土地上，奴隶的后代与奴隶主的后代将能够情同手足地相处。我梦到有朝一日甚至密西西比州，这个充满了不平与压迫的州，将会转化成一片自由与公正的绿洲。我梦到有朝一日我的四个孩子将能够生活在这样的国度里：在此人们不是根据其肤色，而是根据其品行来衡量他们。

　　我今天有一个梦！

　　我梦到有朝一日在阿拉巴马州，尽管目前有许多恶毒的种族主义者，尽管州长叫嚷着要与联邦政府对抗，有朝一日在阿拉巴马州，黑人男孩和黑人女孩与白人男孩和白人女孩将能够象兄弟姊妹那样亲密无间。

This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
  

　　这就是我们的希望，这就是我将带回南方的信念。持此信念，我们能够削平绝望的大山，这座山是一块压抑希望的巨石。持此信念，我们能够将我们国家这些嘈杂的不谐和音，转化成一曲展现兄弟情意的华丽交响乐。持此信念，我们能够共同努力、共同祈祷、共同抗争、共同坐牢、共同维护自由，坚信有一天我们终将成为自由人。并且这将是，这将是上帝的所有儿女们能够以全新的意义共同歌唱的一天：“我的祖国是充满自由的温馨大地，让我为你歌唱；我的父辈埋葬在这片土地上，清教徒为这片土地而自豪；从每一处山坡上，让自由的钟声敲响。”美国要想成为一个伟大的国家，这一条必须要实现。

　　因此，让自由的钟声在新罕布夏州壮观的小山顶上敲响，让自由的钟声在纽约州的巨山上敲响，让自由的钟声在宾西法尼亚州高耸入云的阿勒格尼山上敲响，让自由的钟声在科罗拉多州白雪盖顶的落矶山上敲响，让自由的钟声在加利福尼亚州崎岖不平的山野上敲响。但是这还不够，还要让自由的钟声在佐治亚州的石头山上敲响，让自由的钟声在田纳西州的了望山上敲响，让自由的钟声在密西西比州的每一座山上敲响。从每一处山坡上，让自由的钟声敲响！

　　待到这一天来临时，待到我们可以让自由的钟声敲响，待到我们让它在每个村落、每个州、每个城市敲响时，我们就快能看到这一天了：到那时，上帝的所有儿女们，黑人和白人、犹太人和异教徒、新教徒和天主教徒，将能够手拉手站在一起，同唱古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了，终于自由了；感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”

弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561一1626年），英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱，培根被马克思誉为“英国唯物主义和整个近代实验科学的真正始祖”，是“实验哲学之父”，“是近代自然科学直接的或感性的缔造者”，也是现代生活精神的伟大先驱。主要著作有《新工具》、《培根随笔》、《论科学的增进》以及《学术的伟大复兴》等。其名言是：“知识就是力量。”

Of Studies  

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.

读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.    

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书种所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.    

有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书种，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.    

书有课浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。

Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.    

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass into the character. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but maybe wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。