广告的利弊
inform people about new products
告知人们关于新产品的资讯
promote products 推销产品
boost the sales of products
提升产品的销量
contribute to the economy
对经济做出贡献
interesting and creative有趣而且有创意的
make products more attractive
让产品更有吸引力
endorse products
(名人)代言产品
attract people's attention吸引人们的注意力
对比:
encourage people to follow the latest trends
鼓励人们去追随最新的趋势
buy things that they do not really need
购买他们并不真正需要的产品
provide misleading information
(有些广告)提供有误导性的信息
do not use the products that they endorse
(有些名人)并不使用他们代言的产品
easily influenced by advertisements
(儿童)很容易受到广告的影响
should be regulated by governments
应该被政府规范管理
消费者的特点
have different interests and tastes
有不同的兴趣和品味
have different incomes
有不同的收入
have different budgets有不同的预算
新闻媒体的利弊
inform people about the latest events
告知人们关于最新事件的资讯
a key source of information
重要的信息来源
a good source of knowledge
很好的知识来源
(例如:关于science and technology科学与技术，education教育，medicine医学，the economy经济等方面的知识)
provide reliable information提供可靠的信息
expand our horizons扩展我们的眼界
对比:
provide misleading information
提供有误导性的信息
biased and unfair
有偏见而且不公正的
年长员工的优势
have more professional experience and life experience
有更多的专业经验和人生经验
share their experience with young employees
和年轻员工分享他们的经验
help them avoid mistakes
帮助他们避免错误
more patient and detail-oriented
更耐心而且关注细节
more loyal to their employer
对雇主更忠诚
年轻员工的优势
are more energetic and ambitious
更有活力和志向
have more creative ideas
有更多有创意的想法
have better innovation skills
有更强的创新能力
are more open-minded
思想更开放
雇佣相同数量的男女员工的利弊
have equal opportunities
有平等的机会
ensure fairness确保公平
improve gender equality增进性别平等
gender-balanced teams性别均衡的团队
build trust and respect建立信任和尊重
complement each other's strengths
优势互补(例如:have different perspectives有不同的视角，have different skills有不同的技能)
boost efficiency提 高效率
对比
require physical strength (有些工作) 需要很强的体力
(例如: construction workers建筑工人, firefighters 消防员)
attract more male applicants than female applicants
吸引的男性求职者比女性求职者多
require great patience
(有些工作)需要很强的耐心(例如: childcare workers幼儿护理员)
not enough male applicants
没有足够多的男性求职者
做同一工作的好处
have more opportunities for promotion
(长期做同一工作的人) 有更多的升职机会
are more trusted and valued
更受信任和重视
have more stability in their lives
有更多的生活稳定性
常换工作的好处
develop new skills
(常换工作的人)发展新的技能
change jobs for higher salaries
为了更高的工资换工作
avoid falling into a routine
避免陷入重复的惯例当中
challenging and exciting
有挑战而且令人兴奋的
人口老龄化
带来的问题
put pressure on the healthcare system
对医疗体系构成压力
put pressure on the state pension system
对公共养老金体系构成威胁,
(在英式英语里，the state pension system 是指公共养老金体系)
increase the burden on taxpayers
加重纳税人的负担，
save money for retirement
(个人)为退休养老存钱
人口老龄化解决方法
raise the retirement age
(政府)提高法定退休年龄
encourage immigration
(政府)鼓励其他国家的人向本国移民
女性晚育的原因
work full-time
全职工作
have busy careers and lifestyles
有忙碌的事业和生活方式
Raising children is much more expensive than in the past.
抚养孩子远比过去更昂贵。
可能带来的问题
cause labour shortages
导致劳动力短缺
face higher risks during pregnancy
(高龄产妇)怀孕期间的风险更高
人口快速增长的利弊
increase the demand for products
增加对于产品的需求
boost economic growth促进经济的增长
对比:
put pressure on natural resources对自然资源构成压力
create more waste and pollution产生更多的垃圾废料和污染
increase the burden on public services
增加公共服务的负担(public services包括教育、医疗、公共交通、图书馆、博物馆等)
lead to overcrowding
导致过于拥挤
个人保护环境的方式
reuse shopping bags
重复使用购物袋
recycle waste
循环利用废旧物品
(这个短语里的waste不是指浪费，
而是指垃圾废料)
use public transport more often
更多地使用公共交通
walk or cycle to work
步行或骑自行车上班
企业保护环境的方式
recycle waste
循环利用废料
Use clean energy使用清洁能源
reduce carbon emissions
减少碳排放
use energy-saving lighting
使用节能型照明
conserve water
节约用水
政府保护环境的方式
improve public transport
改进公共交通
introduce laws to protect the environment
通过立法来保护环境
fine companies that pollute the environment
对污染环境的公司进行罚款.
give financial support to research on cleanenergy
为清洁能源的研究提供资助
保护动物的资金是否改用于解决人类的问题
social problems社会问题
poverty, unemployment and youth crime
贫困，失业和青少年犯罪
many public services are under-funded
很多公共服务缺乏资金
have limited funds to spend (政府) 只有有限的可用资金
对比:
improve the natural environment
改善自然环境
can also help to improve humans' quality of life
也有助于改善人类自身的生活质量
wildlife reserves
野生生物保护区
contribute to ecotourism
对生态旅游做贡献
contribute to government revenue 增加政府的收入，这个固定短语里的government不用所有格
(规律:政府的收入叫revenue,个人的收入叫income)
是否应该叫停动物试验
are kept in cages被关在笼子里
cause pain and suffering to them给它们造成痛苦和折磨
is morally wrong 从道德的角度看是错误的，是不道德的
对比
develop new vaccines
研发新的疫苗
test the safety of new medicines检测 新药物的安全性
(表示不同种类的药物时medicine可以用复数)
Minimize their pain尽可能地减少它们的痛苦
清洁能源的利弊
clean energy
清洁能源，例如: solar energy (太阳能), wind energy(风能)，nuclear energy (核能)
does not pollute the environment
不污染环境
can help to reduce carbon emissions
可以有助于减少碳排放
renewable energy (太阳能和风能)可再生的能源
对比:
rely on weather conditions
(太阳能和风能)依赖于天气状况
cause safety concerns (核能)导致安全方面的担忧
nuclear accidents核事故
给罪犯更长的刑期
punish them for breaking the law
惩罚他们的违法行为
lose their freedom
(罪犯)失去他们的自由
are separated from their family and friends
与他们的亲友分开
deter them from re-offending
震慑他们让他们不再重犯
deter potential criminals
震慑潜在的罪犯
protect the public from them
保护公众不被他们伤害
对比
lead to resentment
导致不满和怨恨情绪
meet other offenders
(在监狱里)遇到其他罪犯.
become more violent and dangerous
变得更暴力而且危险
are likely to re-offend
很可能会再次犯罪
become overcrowded
(监狱)变得过于拥挤
给罪犯教育和培训的作用
reform criminals
改造罪犯
develop useful skills
发展有用的技能
prepare for employment
为就业做准备
find employment
找到工作
have a source of income
有收入来源
become useful members of society
成为有用的社会成员
are not likely to re-offend
不太可能会重犯
become law-abiding citizens
成为守法的公民
青少年罪犯是否应该与同等罪行的成年罪犯受同样的惩留
are not mature enough to understand the consequences of theiractions
还没有成熟到可以完全理解他们的行为的后果，
make friends with adult offenders
(被关在成年人的监狱里)和成年的罪犯们交朋友
become more violent and dangerous
变得更暴力而且危险
Community service can help them become useful members of society.
做社区服务可以帮助他们成为有用的社会成员。
help them develop a sense of responsibility
帮助他们形成责任感
develop useful skills
发展有用的技能
对比:
They cause as much pain and suffering to their victims as adult offenders.
他们与成年罪犯一样给他们的受害者带来痛苦和折磨。
They also pose a threat to society.
他们也对社会构成威胁。
Community service is not a sufficient punishment for breaking the law.
社区服务对违法行为的惩罚力度不够。
政府为减少犯罪可以采取的措施
install more security cameras in public places
在公共场所安装更多的安全摄像头
increase police patrols
增加警方巡逻
provide prisoners with occupational training
为囚犯提供职业培训
regulate violence in the media
对媒体里的暴力内容进行严格监管
create jobs
创造就业
reduce poverty and inequality
减少贫困和不平等现象
give financial support to low-income families
为低收入家庭提供资助
provide them with free education and vocational training
为他们提供免费教育和职业培训
