※动词+宾语形成的动宾短语特有的积极行动意味能够让主体段里的论证读起来更加实际、不空洞,是帮助同学们避免口语实战中的论证“空洞感”的好方法
achieve 实现,充分地发挥
achieve their potential
充分发挥出他们的潜力 (注意: potential 不能加s)
achieve their goals
实现他们的目标.
achieve a work-life balance
实现工作和生活之间的平衡
achieve sustainable development
实现可持续发展,实现不破坏环境的发展
attract 吸引
attract many tourists
(老建筑)吸引很多游客
attract people's attention
(广告)吸引人们的注意力
become 成为...
become useful members of society
(青少年、被改造的罪犯)成为有用的社会成员
become addicted to...对(电子游戏、社交媒体、垃圾食品)上瘾
become aggressive and violent
(模仿媒体暴力的青少年)变得有攻击性而且很暴力
boost提高,促进
boost efficiency
提高效率
boost productivity提高生产率
boost the sales of products
(广告)提高产品的销量
boost their performance
提升(学生或者员工的)表现
boost economic growth
促进经济的增长
boost their brain development
促进(儿童的)大脑发育
boost gender equality 促进性别平等
build建立,增进
build trust and respect建立信任和尊重
build family bonds增进亲情
cause导致
cause labour shortages
(人口老龄化)导致劳动力短缺
cause health problems
(垃圾食品)导致健康问题
cause misunderstanding
(不同的语言)导致误解
contain 含有
contain too much fat, salt or sugar
(快餐)含过多的脂肪、盐或糖
contain violent images
(电子游戏、电影)含有暴力的画面
contribute to 为(积极的事物)做贡献,加剧(消极的事物)
contribute to the economy
(旅游业, 广告业)为经济做贡献
contribute to society
(毕业生,被改造的罪犯)为社会做贡献
contribute to global warming
加剧全球变暖
copy 模仿
copy what they see in video games
(青少年)模仿他们在电子游戏里看到的行为
copy what they see in the media
模仿他们在媒体里看到的行为
create 创造,产生
create jobs 创造就业
create waste and pollution
产生垃圾废料和污染
damage 破坏
damage their health
(垃圾食品、缺少运动的生活方式)破坏他们的健康
damage their eyesight
(打游戏、看电视过久)破坏他们的视力
damage the environment破坏环境
deepen 深化
deepen their understanding of their heritage
深化他们对文化传承的理解
deepen their understanding of the local culture
(游客)深化他们对当地文化的理解
develop 发展,形成
develop their social skills
发展他们的社会交往技能
develop good learning habits
形成良好的学习习惯
develop an active lifestyle
形成经常运动的生活方式
develop a sedentary lifestyle
(对比)形成缺少运动的生活方式
deter 震慑
deter crime震慑犯罪
deter potential criminals震慑潜在的罪犯
encourage 鼓励,激发
encourage people to ...
鼓励人们去....
encourage imagination激发想象力(后面跟心理活动)
encourage creativity 激发创造力
enrich 丰富
enrich the local culture
(公共艺术,老建筑)丰富当地的文化
erode 削弱
erode their cultural identity削弱他们对本国文化或者对本民族文化的认同感
expand扩大
expand their horizons
开阔他们的眼界
expand their knowledge about
扩展他们关...的知识
feel 感到
feel motivated
感到很有动力,“动力十足”
Feel frustrated感到沮丧, 有撞败感
feel lonely and unhappy
感到孤独而且不快乐
feel lonely and isolated
感到孤独而且孤立
find 找到
find information quickly and easily
快速而且轻松地找到信息
find employment找到工作
gain 获取
gain knowledge获 取知识
(地道英文里不写learn knowledge X )
gain practical experience获取 实践经验
give 给
give financial support to ...
为....提供资助
give them advice and support
(家长)给孩子建议与支持
give them a sense of belonging
给(学生、员工、居民)一种归属感
guide 指导
guide their children
(家长)指导他们的孩子
guide their students
(教师)指导他们的学生
have 有,保持
have more freedom有更多的 自由
have more job opportunities
有更多的就业机会
have a competitive edge
有竞争优势(native speakers不说have a competition edge )
have similar lifestyles
(不同国家的人们)有相似的生活方式
have more life experience
(老年人)有更多的人生经验
impose 施加
impose high taxes on ....对(不健康的食品、污染环境的产品)征收重税
improve 改善,增强
improve their problem- solving skills
增强他们解决问题的技能
improve public services
改进公共服务
(例如教育、医疗、公共交通)
increase 增加
increase the demand for ....
增加对于(产品、自然资源)的需求
increase the burden on ..增加(纳税人、医疗体系)的负担
increase carbon emissions
(汽车教量增加、食品运输)增加碳排放
increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure
增加患心脏病和高血压的风险
increase food supply
(农业科技)增加食品供应.
interact with 和....交流互动
interact with their friends online
在网上和朋友们交流互动
interact with local people
(游客)和当地人交流互动
lack 缺少
lack motivation
缺乏(工作或者学习的)动力:
lack a sense of belonging缺少归属感
lack character (现代建筑) 缺少个性特色
look 看起来
look similar (不同的建筑,不同的城市)看起来很相似
look unique
(老建筑)看起来很独特
look more attractive
(广告让产品)看起来更有吸引力
lose 失去
lose their traditions失去他们的传统
lose their jobs失 去他们的工作
make 让...变得
make shopping more efficient
(网购)让购物变得更高效
make communication more efficient
(互联网、手机)让沟通变得更高效
make life more convenient and comfortable
(科技)让生活变得更方便舒适
make cities more interesting and enjoyable
(老建筑、公共艺术)让城市变得更有趣而且令人愉快
make them more independent
让(青少年)变得更独立
make them more creative
让(学生)变得更有创造力
make很常用,但请注意:在地道英文里“犯罪”不是make a crime ,而是commit a crime
pay 支付
pay taxes纳税
pay fines ( 污染环境的公司)交纳罚款
play 起某种作用
play a key role in ...= play a key part in ...
(政府,家长,互联网)在....当中起重要的作用
pollute 污染
pollute the air污染空气
pollute the environment污 染环境
pose 构成(威胁)
pose a threat to society
(罪犯)对社会构成威胁
pose a threat to people's safety
对人们的安全构成威胁
pose a threat to traditional lifestyles
(全球化)对传统的生活方式构成威胁
pose a threat to their heritage
(全球化)对他们的文化传承构成威胁(注意: heritage 不能加s)
pose a threat to biodiversity
(污染)对生物多样性构成威胁
※pose不只是指拍照时摆姿势,pose a threat to同样是地道英文里的一个高频短语
prepare 准备
help them prepare for employment
帮助他们为就业做好准备
help them prepare for adult life
帮助他们为成年之后的人生做好准备
help them prepare for the knowledge-based economy
帮助他们为知识经济做好准备
prevent 预防
prevent crime
预防犯罪
prevent diseases
(健康的食品、健康的生活方式)预防疾病
promote 推销,推动
promote violence
(电子游戏,电影)宣扬暴力
promote products (广告) 推销产品
protect 保护
protect their heritage
保护他们的文化传承
protect endangered species
保护濒危物种
protect people's safety保护人们的安全
※保护某种资源也可以用preserve,比如前两个短语如果改用preserve也是可以的,但是保护人则只能用protect,比如第三个短语不能改用preserve
provide 提供
provide lower prices
(网店)提供更低的价格
provide people with more shopping choices
(网店)为人们提供更多的购物选择
provide people with more food choices
(食品科技)为人们提供更多的食品选择
put pressure on 对....构成压力构成压力
put pressure on natural resources
(人口增长,崇尚消费的文化)对自然资源
put pressure on the healthcare system
(人口老龄化)对医疗体系构成压力
raise 提高
raise people's standard of living
提高人们的生活水平
raise health awareness
提高健康意识
raise environmental awareness
提高环境意识
recycle 循环利用
recycle waste循环利用垃圾废料
recycle used products循环利用废旧产品
reduce 减少,减轻
reduce face-to-face interaction
(互联网、手机)减少面对面的交流
reduce poverty减轻 贫困
reduce stress ( 媒体、娱乐)减轻压力
reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure
(健康食品、运动)减少患心脏病和高血压的风险
reduce biodiversity
(破坏环境)减少生物多样性
reduce cultural diversity
(跨国公司、全球化)减少文化多样性
reduce carbon emissions
(使用公共交通、网购)减少碳排放
rely on 依赖....
rely heavily on fast food
严重依赖于快餐
rely heavily on the Internet
严重依赖于网络
respect 尊重
respect local traditions and customs
(游客)尊重当地的传统和风俗
respect their personal choices
(政府)尊重公民的个人选择,例如关于饮食和生活方式的选择
share 分享
share photos and videos
(在网上)分享照片和视频.
share ideas and opinions
分享想法和意见
share their life experience with young people
(老年人)与年轻人分享他们的人生经验
take 乘坐,拿
take public transport乘坐公共 交通
take away jobs from local farmers (远距离
运输的食品)抢走当地农民的就业机会
take away jobs from factory workers
(机器人)抢走工人的工作机会
value 重视
value their traditions重视他们的 传统
value their heritage重视他们的 文化传承
work 工作
work full-time全职工作
work overtime加班
work closely together一起紧密地合作
※这个短语里的work不仅可以指工作,也可以指学习、运动等任何需要紧密合作的事情