一、问题解决型

问题解决型作文通常要求考生从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，描述提示性文字、图表或图画反映出的问题，提出解决方案或应对措施。

其基本结构是：首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性，并简要分析其产生的原因；然后提出解决问题的办法或措施；最后表明自己态度，提出建议并展望前景。

结构模板：

模板一：

Nowadays, it is generally accepted that 总述问题. 表现一. 表现二.

Say no to pirated products

Nowadays it is generally accepted thatpiracy is becoming a serious problem inChina. Almost any product, such astape, CD and hi-tech device can be copied. Shortly after a newly-developedproduct is put on the market, people will unsurprisingly find its piratedcounterparts in the stores.

There are many reasons accounting for 该问题./ Special attention should be paid to the fact that 该问题 is bringing great damage. On one hand/For one thing, 原因一/ 危害一. Onthe other hand/ For another, 原因二/危害二. Therefore, it is high time that 解决该问题.

Special attention should be paid to thefact that piracy is bringing great damage. On one hand, pirated products oftencost far less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage inprice in spite of their relatively poor quality, and the original ones, on thecontrary, sell poorly. On the other hand, in the long run, pirated products mayalso have negative impacts on customers since those legitimate producers’enthusiasm may be greatly hurt as a result of money loss. Therefore, it is hightime that we solved the problem as soon as possible.

Many a way can be adopted to 解决该问题./ Many a factor plays an important role in 解决该问题. Firstly/First of all, 方法一/因素一.Secondly/In addition, 方法二/因素二.Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方法三/因素三.Only through these ways/Only in this way 该问题才能够解决.

Many a way can be adopted to reduce the piracyphenomenon. First of all, it is the duty of the government to call on everyoneto fight the battle against piracy. In addition, as customers, we shoulddevelop our consciousness to resist pirated products. Moreover, strict laws anddecrees are of great importance. Only in this way can this problem be solvedradically.

模板二：

Recently, there has been a discussion about总述该问题./ Nowadays, it had become a commonphenomenon 总述该问题. 危害一/原因一. Additionally, 危害二/原因二. Therefore, it is high time that 解决该问题.

Reduce waste on campus

    Recently, there has been a discussion aboutwaste on campus. It is obvious that a great loss has been caused by wastingprecious resources, such as water and electricity. Additionally, our waste addsour parents and society burden. Therefore, it is high time that more attentionwas paid to how to solve this problem.

The following ways can been adopted to 解决该问题. / Some effective measures have been taken to 解决该问题. / Many a factor plays an important role in 解决该问题. Firstly/ First of all, 方法一/因素一.Secondly/ In addition, 方法二/因素二.Thirdly/ Besides/ Moreover, 方法三/ 因素三.Only through these ways/ Only in this way 该问题才能够解决.

The following ways can be adopted to reducewaste on campus. Firstly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or cleanfaces, or wash clothes and dishes. Secondly, on our daily life, we must learnto be economical and only buy what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn offthe light when leaving dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity. Onlythrough these ways can waste on campus be eliminated in the near future.

It is no doubt that 解决该问题的意义. As for me, “我”的建议或看法. 总结观点.

It is no doubt that reduction of waste isof significance to our whole society. As to me, the cultivation of good habitof thrift is most important for all of us. Every college student should join inthe efforts to combat the waste on campus.

模板三：

Nowadays，it isgenerally accepted that 总述该问题. 表现一/作用一.Therefore, how to 总述该问题isworth paying more attention to.

How to succeed in a job interview

    Nowadays, it is generally accepted that ajob interview is indispensable in the process of job hunting. It is obviousthat it is a good chance to display talented performance. Additionally, if ajob seeker can make the best use of the interview and leave a good impressionon the interviewer, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed for by manyapplicants. Therefore, how to succeed in a job interview is worth paying moreattention to.

The following ways can be adopted. /Someeffective measures have been taken to 解决该问题./ Many a factor plays an important role in 解决该问题.First/ First of all, 方法一/因素一.Secondly/ In addition, 方法二/因素二.Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方法三/因素三.

Many a factor plays an important role in asuccessful interview. First of all, interviewees should dress neatly andproperly since the first impression is always where we start. In addition, theinterviewee must demonstrate his aptitude and skills for the job and hisknowledge about job-related areas. Moreover, a really impressive job seekermust convey a sense of self-confidence.

As for me/As far as I am concerned, “我”的建议或看法.“我”的理由一.Besides/ in addition, “我”的理由二. 总结观点.

As far as I am concerned, the importance of aninterview can’t be overemphasized. If the interviewee presents his mostattractive qualities during an interview, he will most probably obtain the jobhe has been dreaming. Besides, opportunity is for those who are well-prepared.All in all, it is necessary that we learn some points to perform better in ajob interview.

     Task:

     Directions: for this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On a Harmonious DormitoryLife. You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelow:

     1 一个和谐的宿舍生活的必要性

     2 如何创造和谐的宿舍生活

     3 “我”的看法

二、现象解释型

现象解释型作文通常要求考生从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，描述提示性文字、图表或图画中反映出的现象，对该现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。

其基本结构是: 首先描述现象并说明其现状；然后分析这种现象产生的原因或相关因素；最后提出建议或总结观点。

结构模板：

模板一：

 From the chart/graph/ table/ picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象/事实现象, which has aroused great/ common concern. Whatimpresses us most is 图表中重点数据. There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化.

Students using computers

   From the chart, we clearly learn that the student useof computers has grown rapidly, which has aroused great concern. What impressesus most is from 1990 to 1995, the number of average hours that students spenton computers every week was only doubled, while in 2000, the number grew to 20hours, which is five times as large as that of 1995. There are many reasonsaccounting for this tremendous growth.

 First of all/To begin with, 原因一. What is more/ Moreover, 原因二. 进一步说明原因二.In addition/ Besides, 原因三. Therefore/ As a result, 总结原因导致的结果.

 To begin with,the low price of computer allows many college students to have one. That is tosay, the price of PC is becoming so cheap that many students can have their owncomputers. Moreover, many net bars can provide students with convenient accessto computers. In addition, Internet provides people with an amazing world toexplore. As a result, computers have an irresistible attraction to them.

   As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的观点.For one thing/ On one hand, 影响一/ 问题一.For another/ On the other hand, 影响二/问题二. Thus/ In brief/ To conclude, 总结观点.

   As to me, there are still problems instudent use of computers. For one thing, students don’t have enough skills tocommand a computer, which limits them to the full use of computers. Foranother, students who lack self-discipline may forget their main task of study.To conclude, we still need take effective measures to help students take betteradvantage of computers.

模板二：

According to the chart/ graph/ table/picture, it is clear that 图表内容总概括. The chart/ graph/ table/ picture shows 图表数据一，while 图表数据二.

Urban Greenbelt Construction

According to the chart, it is clear thatthe national expenses on urban greenbelt construction inChinafrom 1998to 2002 changed a lot. The chart shows in 1998, 8819.23 million RMB was spenton Urban Greenbelt Construction, while by the year 2002; the national expenseson Urban Greenbelt Construction inChinahad risen to over 26709.57million RMB.

Many reasons contribute to 现象概括. First of all/ To begin with, 原因一. What is more/ Moreover, 原因二. In addition/ Besides, 原因三. As a result, 段落总结句.

Many reasons contribute to this change. Tobegin with, the natural environment has become worse than before and theclimate had also been affected. Moreover, the government has realized that theycan no longer ignore the deterioration of the environment and decided to takesome measure. In addition, the public are paying more and more attention toenvironmental problems. As a result, more and more attention and money are paidto the Urban Greenbelt Construction.

As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的选择或看法.First of all, 理由一. Besides, 理由二. To conclude, 段落总结句.

As to me, these changes are reasonable andwelcome. First of all, if the government does not pay attention to the changesof environment, they might never spend much money on it. Besides, these changesdemonstrate that the government has realized that we have one environment only;if it is ruined, we would be nowhere. To conclude, I have the confidence tobelieve the environment around us will become better and better.

模板三：

总体现象 has been brought into focus. /总体现象, which has aroused great concern. 现象表现或变化. In addition, 进一步阐述现象.

Students Selecting Their Lectures

Students’ selecting their lecturers hasbeen brought into focus. Nowadays, many universities entitle their students tochoose freely teachers for courses, which is welcomed by most students. Inaddition, teachers have also paid much attention to it since it involves theircareer fate.

There are many reasons accounting for thisphenomenon./ The reasons/ factors 影响该现象are varied. Among all these reasons/factors, 原因一 plays a very important role. 阐述原因二. What is more/ Moreover, 原因二. In addition/ Besides, 原因三.

The factors which will influence thestudents’ choosing a teacher are varied. Among all these factors, a teacher’sprofessional knowledge and ability plays a very important role. That is aprecondition for a good teacher since students choose his course to learnknowledge. Moreover, quite a few students think teaching methods and skills areessential. Besides, a teacher’s humor sense is also an important factor manystudents will consider.

As to me/ As far as I am concerned, 我的观点. For one thing 具体的看法/理由一. For another, 进一步说明看法/理由二. To conclude/ In a word, 观点总结.

As far as I am concerned, free choosing ofteachers has its disadvantages as well as its advantages. For one thing, it canprovide a good chance for a teacher to prove his ability, and give studentsmore initiative in learning. For another, however, since it is a free choice,few excellent teachers will become the focus of most students’ choosing, whichwill lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effectseriously. In a word, both students and teachers should take this matter intoserious considerations.

Task:

Directions: for this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on a topic The Adaptation of theClassics. You should write at least 120 words and you should base yourcomposition on the outline below:

1 近来，许多经典名著被改写成各种版本以供大众娱乐

2 这种现象产生的原因

3 经典名著被改写可能产生的问题

三、对比选择型

    对比选择型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。

其基本结构：首先对要评论的事物或现象进行整体介绍；然后陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由；之后表明自己的观点或结论。

结构模板：

模板一：

When it comes to 事物/问题,there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for grantedthat 一种观点. However, others maintain that 另一种观点.

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

When it comes to whether the universitycampus should be open tourists, as more and more people list famousuniversities as tourist attractions, there is no complete agreement amongpeople. Some people take it for granted that university campus should embracetourists across the country. However, others maintain that the universitycampus should be closed to tourists.

Those people who hold the former opinionbelieve 观点一理由一. In addition, 观点二理由二. Therefore, 总结观点一.

Those people who hold the former opinionbelieve that refusing tourists is contradicting universities’ proclaimed spiritof openness. In addition, they also argue that no university has the right toreject taxpayers to enter its grounds because it is public land.

However, still others advocate the latter opinionbecause they hold 观点理由一. Besides, they argue that 观点二理由二. So, 总结观点二.

However, still others advocate the latter opinionbecause they hold that too many tourists will add a burden to the securitydepartment of the university. Besides, they argue that these tourists willdestroy the quiet environment and influence students’ normal study. So, it isunadvisable to admit tourists to visit university campus freely.

Weighing up these two arguments, “我”的看法.For one thing, 个人看法的依据一. For another, 个人看法依据二. Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration,we/I may reasonably conclude that 重申观点.

Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the formeropinion. For one thing, it can enable high school students to get moreinformation about the university and have better preparation for their choosingto get into the university. For another, a university should be an open placeand impart the spirit of openness to its students. Taking above-mentionedfactors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that the universitycampus should welcome all tourists.

模板二：

Different people have different views on 看法/问题.Some prefer 一种看法/观点.Others tend to 另一种看法/ 观点. Asto me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.

Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?

Different people have different views onthe test of spoken English. Some prefer to have such a test. Others tend todecline any kind of tests of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the firstopinion.

Of course, “我”不赞同观点的合理性.For example, 支持其合理性的例子. But in my opinion, “我”不赞同的观点的不足.The following reasons can account for my argument.

Of course, a test of spoken English is verydifficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully displayparticipants’ ability to speak in English. For example, if a candidate draws atopic which he or she is not familiar with, it is hard to show his or hercommand of spoken English. But from my viewpoint, without such a test, some peoplemay not have motivation to practice spoken English. The following reasons canaccount for my argument.

Firstly, 支持观点的理由一.A good example to illustrate is 支持理由的列子.In addition/Moreover/ What’s more, 支持观点的理由二.To conclude/ From the foregoing, 重申观点.

Firstly, such a test enhances collegestudents’ awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example toillustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed readingand writing skills, ignoring building up listening and speaking ability. Inaddition, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. From theforegoing, I may reasonably conclude that a test of spoken English is ofnecessity.

模板三：

When asked about/ When it comes to 事物/ 问题， different people will offer differentopinions. Some people take if for granted that 观点一. In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.Besides, 观点一的理由二.

Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?

    When it comes to lucky numbers, differentpeople will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted thatlucky numbers have nothing to do with their luck. As to them, lucky numbersthemselves are given certain meaning for the purpose of application ofmathematics. Besides, all the numbers are equal, and they never decide yourfate and affect your luck.

However, others hold 观点二. They maintain 观点二的理由一.And 观点二的理由二.

However, others hold that lucky numbersreally bring good luck to them. They maintain that some superstars and famouspersons have their own lucky numbers to bless themselves. And lucky numbersmake them feel peaceful or energetic and hence they can tackle problems better.

Weighing up these two arguments, “我” 的观点.For one thing/ On one hand, 理由一. For another/ On the other hand, 理由二. For instance, 举例说明理由二.Therefore, as stated above, 总结全文.

Weighing up these two arguments, I am forthe former one. For one thing, if lucky numbers really worked, we were not tofail anything. For another, lucky numbers can never change the objectivereality and make miracles. For instance, patients are cured by experienceddoctors but not by lucky numbers. Therefore, as stated above, we should workhard instead of depending on lucky numbers to bring us a happy life.

Task:

Directions: for this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic On the Spring FestivalGala. You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelow:

1 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会

2 有些人提出取消春节晚会

3 我的看法

四、观点论证型

观点论证型作文一般要求考生题目所给论点，按照提纲要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证。

其基本结构是：首先提出要论证的论点；然后提出论据对其进行论证；最后表明自己的立场和看法。

模板一：

It is well known that 论点. The truth is deep and profound. / The truth of it isself-evident. 正确性表现. 总结论点.

Work is a Necessity

It is well known that work is becoming moreand more indispensable to man’s existence. The truth of it is self-evident. Noone can deny that work is a means of making a living. Therefore, without work,it will be very difficult for many people to live.

Many remarkable factors/reasons contributeto this argument. First of all, 论据一.What’s more/ Moreover, 论据二. For example, 支持论据二的事例. In addition/ Besides, 论据三.

Many remarkable reasons contribute to thisargument. First of all, facts prove that the more one uses his brain, the moreactive and efficient he is in thinking. For instance, scientists always havethe sharpest minds. What’s more, for most people, work is the source ofhappiness and creativity. Besides, work also offers ambitious people chances torealize their dreams.

All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点. Therefore，there isno denying that 正确态度或做法. In short, 总结全文.

All mentioned above tell us that work is ofvital importance in our life. Therefore, there is no denying that in modernsociety everyone has to work to support themselves and achieve their goals. Inshort, work is a necessity in modern society.

模板二：

   论点,which has been generally accepted. 论点含义.The truth of it is deep and profound.

Practice Makes Perfect

   “Practice makes perfect”, is a proverb fullof logic, which has been generally accepted. It tells us that if we practiceunfamiliar things again and again, we’ll be able to perform it perfectly. Thetruth of it is deep and profound.

   There are numerous examples supporting thisargument./ many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. A case inpoint is 例证一. This is close to suggest 例证一的道理. For another example, 例证二. Moreover, 例证三.

Many remarkable examples contribute to thisargument. A case in point is in order to learn English well, we need extrapractice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, orcommunicating with foreigners. This is close to suggest people can graspEnglish only if they follow the saying “practice makes perfect”. For anotherexample, if we want to be skilled in using it often. Moreover, in other areasof our life, practice is also necessary, and we can hardly do things wellwithout practice and preparation.

Judging from the evidence offered, we mightsafely draw the conclusion that 重申观点.But one thing we have to notice is 需要注意的问题.In short, 总结全文.

Judging from the evidence offered, we mightsafely draw the conclusion that continuous practice and efforts will lead tofinal success. But one thing we have to notice is that we should have a righttheoretical direction in order to achieve our goals.

模板三：

论点背景. It is true that 论点. Noone can deny that 正确性表现. Therefore, 重申论点.

It Pays to Be Honest

    Nowadays there still exist manydishonesties, such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc., whichruin our normal life. It is true that being honest is not only beneficial toothers but also to us. No one can deny that honesty is a traditional virtue ofChinese people. Therefore, we should value honesty highly.

Many remarkable factors/ reasons contributeto this argument. First of all, 论据一.For example, 支持论据一的事例. What’s more/ Moreover, 论据二. In addition/ Besides, 论据三.

Many remarkable reasons contribute to thisargument. First of all, honesty can build up a more stable society. Forinstance,Singapore,which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively lowcriminal rate. What’s more, honesty can make our life easier and moreharmonious. Besides, only honest people can be truly respected by others andcan have more friends.

All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点. Therefore, there is no denying that 正确态度或做法. In short/ In a word, 总结全文.

All mentioned above tell us that beinghonest is of benefit to both the state and the individual. Therefore, there isno denying that we should foster the spirit of honesty and let dishonesty haveno place to stay in our society. In a word, laying stress on honesty willbecome one of the public morals in our society.

Task:

Directions: for this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Devotion is Rewarding.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outlinebelow:

1 乐于奉献是有益的

2 这一观点是正确的原因

3 你的看法