1.

• 1) public facilities

•  

• 2) adjusted

•  

• 3) improve security

• 4) the weather

•  

• 5) book

•  

• 6) private or public spaces

• 7) reduce air pollution

•  

• 8) aims to

•  

• 9) intelligent switching

• 10) consumers’ habits

1.

1. The influx of population into cities raises several challenges: 1) more consumption of already depleting (dwindling) resources; 2) more services with shrinking (less) budgets; 3) outdated (ill-equipped) foundations to cater to (meet) the food, water and energy needs.

2. A faster and more practicable approach is to improve the existing infrastructures. One way is to digitize the current infrastructures to intelligently cater to the new rising demands. Another way is to retrofit the equipment already in use.

3. A more radical approach to meet the challenges is to build entirely new smart cities. One of the most ambitious smart city projects is Masdar City, which will cost 22 billion dollars.

4. There are different approaches to making cities smart to cater to the increasing needs by increasing populations through increasing urbanization. We can digitize or retrofit our existing infrastructures in service, which might be a more practicable or faster solution. We can also construct completely new smart cities, which might be more radical and ambitious, and will arouse some questioning or even criticism.

2.

Language in Use

4.

• 1) available

•  

• 2) utilize

•  

• 3) commute

•  

• 4) inhabits

•  

• 5) practically

• 6) urban

•  

• 7) inadequately

•  

• 8) mobility

•  

• 9) awesome

•  

• 10) practicable

5.

• 1) in sync with

•  

• 2) derive from

•  

• 3) in awe of

• 4) have an impact on

•  

• 5) breaking down

•  

• 6) caters to

• 7) was … preoccupied with

•  

• 8) thanks to

6.

• 1) popping up

•  

• 2) heated up

•  

• 3) pick up

•  

• 4) showed up

• 5) dried up

•  

• 6) speed up

•  

• 7) torn up

•  

• 8) lock up

7.

• Line 1: bus

•  

• aircraft

•  

• ship

• Line 2: SUV

•  

• pick-up

•  

• 1) liquids

•  

• 2) instruments

•  

• 3) furniture

• 4) flowers

•  

• 5) animals

•  

• 6) sobbing; weeping

8.

Reference translation

1) 与帕克同龄的孩子还在热衷于看电视、玩电游时，帕克已经在工作了。对此，他深有感触。

2) 不断发展的技术正在改变我们的生活方式，其速度之快超乎我们想象。

3) 她经常改主意。我都不知道她下一刻想干什么。

4) 中学很快就要结束了，同时，我的童年也就结束了。

5) “我很高兴人们都开始喜欢柠檬汁，”他说，“弄出这个配方还真是花了好长时间。”

9.

Reference translation

1) Any new technology, after being put to use, will get outdated and replaced by newer ones.

2) Smart technologies are going to be widely used in city construction, reshaping our lifestyle to a great extent.

3) In the future, people are commuting by flying cars every day, leaving housework to robots.

4) To deal with the existing inadequate infrastructures, one way is to modify and digitize the municipal public utilities, and the other is to build entirely new smart cities.

5) Solar energy is about to provide energy for smart cities, in which the residents use low energy appliances, thus saving on energy consumption.