Listening and Speaking
1.
1) The master said, “To learn without thinking is unavailing. To think without learning is dangerous.”
2) The master said, “The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions.”
3) The master said, “The wise take joy in water; the humane take joy in mountains. The wise are active; the humane are tranquil. The wise enjoy; the humane endure.”
4) The master said, “Walking along with three people, my teacher is sure to be among them. I choose what is good in them and follow it and what is not good and change it.”
5) The master said, “They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.”
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
(Paras. 1–2) Becoming a(n) good and responsible person
(Paras. 3–4) Finding the sacred in the relationships of ordinary life
(Paras. 5–8) Leaning toward harmony as life’s ultimate value
(Paras. 9–10) Helping people all over the world grow in the arts of becoming good people
2.
A.
b) in harmonious and respectful relations in the workplace
c) in being a gracious and hospitable host to guests
e) in having a sense of inner self-discipline and restraint
f) in being polite and respectful to old people
g) in being willing to give yourself to the needs of your family
B.
b) seen in the variety of foods on a dinner table
c) felt in mutually respectful relations with other people
According to the author, harmony includes healthy disagreements and has a democratic spirit.
According to Whitehead, the ultimate form of harmony is love.
Language in Use
4.
1) harmonious
2) enrich
3) adopted
4) intense
5) restraint
6) dynamic
7) flexible
8) collapsed
9) exemplified
10) diversify
5.
1) equate with
2) at the expense of
3) at issue
4) is compatible with
5) speak of
6) is embodied in
7) be subordinate to
8) in action
6.
1) are … consistent with
2) be familiar with
3) was confronted with
4) annoyed with
5) be identified with
6) are … satisfied with
7) is popular with
8) are patient with
7.
2) a) conscious
b) conscious; aware
3) a) capable
b) competent
c) able
4) a) live
b) living
c) alive
5) a) keep
b) reserve
c) preserve
6) a) value
b) cost
c) worth
8.
1) 美国人最大的愿望就是过上一种更像儒家式的生活：更重视教育，更尊敬老人，个人需求更能服从集体利益，对家人更尽责，在生活中更有礼貌，在工作中更努力。
2) 这种神圣随处可见，在餐桌前，与家人、朋友一同准备和享用正餐；在工作中，与同事和睦互敬；在客人来访时，做一个亲切殷勤的主人；在学习中，感恩学习天赋，视“教育”为人生最大馈赠。
3) 这种和谐可闻、可见、可感，可闻于音乐之中，可见于餐桌上丰盛的食物之中，可感于人与人之间的互敬互重以及自然大道之中。
4) 我们所说的和谐生机勃勃而非暮气沉沉，圆融通达而非一成不变，百花齐放而非千篇一律。
5) 每当我们发现自己在生活中能尊重他人之时；每当我们与世界分享美好以遂天意之时；每当我们选择简单而谦恭的生活方式，不在乎他人关注之时，我们就是在以自己的方式过上儒家生活。
9.
1) A loving person is a person who is kind-hearted, loves himself, loves his family and all the other people.
2) “Harmony but not sameness” means that a gentleman keeps mutually respectful, harmonious and friendly relations with other people.
3) The Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in much the same way that the Westerners do Christmas, doing a lot of shopping, exchanging presents, and having big meals.
4) What we need to change is not necessarily our lifestyle, or our physical conditions, but rather our attitude toward life.
5) To live in harmony with Nature is the underlying principle of Feng Shui, which can be exemplified in building houses, in designing landscapes, and in laying out furniture.
Text B
Reading Comprehension
1.
Language in Use
2.
1) gratitude
2) relieved
3) conduct
4) interpreted
5) historical
6) restore
7) transform
8) evolved
3.
dominant: controlling crucial commanding
important: indispensable decisive crucial
show: indicate reveal mean
significant: important critical notable
4.
When we talk of Zen concepts concerning tea culture, most readers will think of the Japanese Teaism. It is true that the Japanese have incorporated traditional Zen Buddhism and religious practice into daily life. The Japanese matcha tea ceremony actually originated from tea whisking practice in the Song Dynasty. Similarly, Japanese Zen was also introduced from China. Some mentalities of Zen thoughts, like “let it be”, “all are equal” and others, have to a certain extent influenced Teaism.
Writing
Exercise 1
1) courage
2) fearlessness
3) necessity
4) exemplification, comparison/contrast
Exercise 2
Step 1: Planning
Core definition: the state of being together in a pleasing way so that each part goes well with the others
Extended definition: peaceful relations with other people
Elaboration:
1) the warm atmosphere at home
2) the respectful relations in the workplace/dorm room
3) the mutual respect between teachers and students
Step 2: Drafting and organizing
The dictionary defines harmony as “the state of being together in a pleasing way so that each part goes well with the others.”
To me, harmony means the peaceful relations with other people.
Harmony could be found in the warm atmosphere at home. While there may be quarrels, you love each other and care for each other. For instance, although there is generation gap between parents and children, given that they consider things from the viewpoints of each other, obstacles can be overcome and the gap be bridged.
Harmony could be seen in the respectful relations in the workplace/dorm room. In spite of occasional disagreements, you respect each other and still get along with each other. People from different family/education backgrounds tend to hold different attitudes to a certain issue. If they show their tolerance, problems can be solved.
Moreover, harmony also exists in the mutual respect between teachers and students. On the one hand, a teacher adheres to a certain syllabus and teaching procedures, while at the same time, he/she also takes the learner’s needs into consideration and makes adjustments when necessary. On the other hand, the students should follow teachers’ instructions and provide feedbacks and suggestions to them.
In brief, when we live in harmony with each other, we live a happy life.
