一、什么是植物
植 物:
1.自身无移动性;2.绿色,行光合作用合成有机物。3.具有细胞壁;
植物的其他特征:通常能持续生长;具有世代交替现象等。
二、植物界的范畴
1735年之前,人们对自然界是直观的认识;Haeckel was a zoologist, an accomplished artist and illustrator, and later a professor ofcomparative anatomy.
Herbert Faulkner Copeland (May21, 1902 – October 15, 1968) was an American biologist who contributed to thetheory of biological kingdoms. He is responsible for the fourth kingdom, Monera. In 1966, he included bacteria and one of the most primitive algae, called bluegreen algae, under this kingdom.
Robert Harding Whittaker(December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was a distinguished American plantecologist, active in the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose thefive-kingdom of organisms taxonomic classification of the world's biota intothe Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monerain 1969.[1
陈世骧,昆虫学家,浙江嘉兴人,1928年毕业于复旦大学,1934年获法国巴黎大学博士学位,中国科学院动物研究所研究员、名誉所长。
2. 五界分类系统简介:
1969年美国学者魏泰克(Whitaker)提出五界系统
(1)原核生物界:立克次体、支原体、细菌、蓝藻, 特点:DNA成环状,位于细胞质中,不具成形的细胞核,细胞内无膜细胞器,为原核生物。
(2)原生生物界:单细胞和简单多细胞动物、藻类。
(3)真菌界:包括粘菌、真菌和地衣。细胞具细胞壁,无叶绿体,营腐生和寄生生活,营养方式为异养。
(4)植物界:陆生、具有叶绿体,能进行光合作用。营养方式为自养,为食物的生产者。
(5)动物界:特点:营养方式为异养,为食物的消费者。