商务英语写作

张关俊

目录

  • 1 第一单元 Introduction
    • 1.1 第一课时 The Differencesbetween GE and ESP
    • 1.2 第二课时Format of Business Letters or Emails
  • 2 Establish Business Relationships
    • 2.1 Methods to Establishbusiness Relations
    • 2.2 Structure of Letters/Emails to Establish Business Relations.
  • 3 Enquiries and Replies
    • 3.1 Enquries
    • 3.2 Client Analysis
    • 3.3 Replies
  • 4 Offer  and Counter-offer
    • 4.1 Offer
    • 4.2 Counter-offer
  • 5 Orders, Acceptance and Rejection
    • 5.1 Order
    • 5.2 Acceptance and Rejection
  • 6 Contract
    • 6.1 Contract Basics
    • 6.2 Details and Suppliment International Trade Contract
  • 7 International Payment
    • 7.1 Payment Instruments
    • 7.2 Letter of Credit
  • 8 International Transportation
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Clauses of Shipment and B/L
  • 9 International Trade Insurance
    • 9.1 新建课程目录
    • 9.2 Basis Risks
Clauses of Shipment and B/L

Clause of Shipment

Time of Shipment  : the deadline by which the sellermakes  shipment ofthe  contracted goods.

      Shipment during July

      Shipment not later than July 31st

      Shipment at or before the end of Sept. 

      Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C, and the  relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than Sept 30

      Immediate shipment ;

      prompt shipment;  

    shipment as soon as possible  


 Port of Shipment: the port where goods are shipped and depart.

 Port of Destination: the port at which goods are ultimately discharged

     Port of Shipment: Xingang, Tianjin

    Port of Destination: London/Liverpool   

   CIF London, optional Hamburg/Rotterdam

    Port of Destination: Main Mediterranean Ports


 Shipping Advice       

     When the goods are shipped on board the vessel, the seller needs to give the buyer prompt notice of the port of shipment, the date of sailing, the name of the carrying vessel, the estimated time of arrival of the vessel and send the buyer the copies of the necessary  documents to enable the buyer to get ready to take  delivery of the goods.

    In the event of the seller failing to send shipping advice to the buyer within the prescribed time period, the seller would bear the consequential cost incurred.


 Partial Shipment: shipping the commodity under one contract in more than one lot. 

 Transshipment  : Transfer of a shipment from one carrier, or more commonly, from one vessel to  

                             another whereas in transit. 

Transshipments are usually made 

(1) where there is no direct air, land, or sea link between the consignor's and consignee's countries, (2) where the intended port of entry is blocked,

(3) to hide the identity of the port or country of origin. Because transshipment exposes the shipment to a higher probability of damage or loss, some purchase orders or letters of credit  specifically  prohibit  it. Also spelled as transhipment.

     Shipment during May/June/July, with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.


     During June/July in two shipment, transshipment is Prohibited.


     During Nov./Dec. in two equal monthly shipment, to be transshipment at Hong Kong.  


Lay time: the time allowed for the completion ofloading and unloading, and it is usually expressed by days or hours.

There are several ways of stipulating laytime:

      Days or Running Days   

      Weather Working Days of 24 Hours   

     Weather Working Days of 24  Consecutive Hours

    

Demurrage:  (1) the detention of a ship by the freighter beyond the time allowed for loading, unloading,  or sailing; (2) a charge for detaining a ship, freight car, or truck.



Dispatch: the money allowance given to a charterer of a ship by the owner of it for any shortening in the lay days stipulated in the contract between them  



 OCP: Overland Common Points

        OCPtransportation is a favorable arrangement in freight charges encouragingconsignors to use the North American Land Bridge in sending export cargos outof or bring import cargos into the OCP territory of the US.

  the favorable treatment of OCP transportationis given on condition that:

  A. the depart place of final destination ofthe cargos is within the OCP territory

  B. the cargos must be transshipped at thewestern seaports of the US or CAß  C. the word “OCP” the port of transshipment ,the depart place or final destination in the OCP territory should be clearlystated in the covering bill of lading. 

   For example: shipment form Shanghai toSeattle O.C.P Detroit.

 Bill of Lading-- B/L

 A bill of lading is document issued by a carrier to a shipper, signed by the captain, agent, or owner of a vessel, and stating the conditions in which the goods were delivered to (and received by) the ship; and an engagement to deliver goods at the prescribed port of destination to the lawful holder of the bill of lading. 

(1)   Shipper


(2) Consignee


(3) Notify Party


(4) Port of Loading


(5) Port of Discharge


(6) Name of Vessel & Voyage No.

(7) S/O No. & B/L No.

(8)  Marks and Numbers


(9)  Name of Commodity and Packages


(10) Weight and Measurement


(11)Freight &Charges  Prepaid or to be Collected


(12)No. of Original B(s)/L


(13)For the Master

(14) Date         at