International transportation

In a broad sense, transportation is defined as the movement of freight and passengers from one location to another.

In aformal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effectof  such movement on the developmentand  advancement of business.

role in production process

Allow us to trade with countries throughout the world and this commercial intercourse  has helped to eliminatemany barriers between nations.

Modesof  Transportation

The transportation of internationaltrade involves in many ways,

1.marine   transportation, 

2.railway   transportation,

3.air         transportation, 

4.river   transportation,

5.postal  transportation,

6.road  transportation,

7.pipeline  transportation,

8.land bridge transportation ;

9.combinationof various modes of transport.

The selection of modes oftransportation is determined by the trade terms adopted.

Liner Transportation

definition

a vessel with regular sailings andarrivals

sailing on a fixed (regular)sailing route

calling at fixed (regular) baseports

adopting a comparatively fixedtimetable

charges at comparatively fixedfreight rates

freight inclusive of loading &unloading cost

Bill of Lading determines therights and obligations of the parties concerned

The goods quantity and species  to be delivered are flexible and the freight service quality can be guaranteed.

Liner Freight   = basic freight rate + surcharges andadditional

Calculation formula of liner freightÞTotal Freight

    = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate   ×   (1+Surcharge /Additional Rates)

Basic Freight Rate: quoted by thecarrier

Shippingby Chartering/ Tramp

    Voyage Charter      

    Time Charter          

    Bareboat Charter   

    Time Charter on Trip Basis (TCT)