商务英语写作

张关俊

目录

  • 1 第一单元 Introduction
    • 1.1 第一课时 The Differencesbetween GE and ESP
    • 1.2 第二课时Format of Business Letters or Emails
  • 2 Establish Business Relationships
    • 2.1 Methods to Establishbusiness Relations
    • 2.2 Structure of Letters/Emails to Establish Business Relations.
  • 3 Enquiries and Replies
    • 3.1 Enquries
    • 3.2 Client Analysis
    • 3.3 Replies
  • 4 Offer  and Counter-offer
    • 4.1 Offer
    • 4.2 Counter-offer
  • 5 Orders, Acceptance and Rejection
    • 5.1 Order
    • 5.2 Acceptance and Rejection
  • 6 Contract
    • 6.1 Contract Basics
    • 6.2 Details and Suppliment International Trade Contract
  • 7 International Payment
    • 7.1 Payment Instruments
    • 7.2 Letter of Credit
  • 8 International Transportation
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Clauses of Shipment and B/L
  • 9 International Trade Insurance
    • 9.1 新建课程目录
    • 9.2 Basis Risks
Contract Basics

Contract Basics

I. Definition

 Contract    referred to in the law are agreements establishing, modifying, and terminatingthe civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that isamong natural persons, legal persons and other organizations.


II. Types of Contract

    1.By Names

        Contract

        Agreement

        Letterof Intent

        Memorandumof Understanding (MOU)

        Minuteof TalksCovenant/indenture

        Compact

        Deed

        Protocol


   2.  By Functions

       1) Contracts for International Sale of Goods

        2) Contracts for International TechnologyTransfer

        3) Contracts for Sino-foreign JointVentures

        4) Contracts for InternationalEngineering Projects

        5) Contracts for Compensation Trade 

        6) Contracts for Sino-foreign CooperativeDevelopment of Natural Resources

        7) Contracts for International LeasingAffairs 

        8) Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits andLoans


    3. By Format

        FormalContract

        InformalContract

        Purchase Contract

        Sales Contract

        Form-styleContract

        Clause-styleContract


III.  Characters

 A contract is a legally bindingagreement. In order to create a validcontract, there must be

    Offerand Acceptance

    Intentionto create legal relation

    GenuineConsent

    Capacityto contract

    Legalof Purpose


IV. Basic Structure

  1. Head:  

    (1) Title

    (2) Addresses of the parties concerned

    (3) Contacts: 

    (4) Contract No.

    (5) Signing Date

    (6) Place of Signing


      2.Preamble : stating clearly the intention of contractand promise to fulfill the contract of the parties concerned


    3. the body:   

        (1) Contract Objective: name of the commodity, quality, quantity, packing, etc.

        (2) Price terms

        (3) The Seller's Obligation: delivery of the goods, documents, and transferring of the         

            ownership including the detailed time, place, methods, types and copies ofthe documents,             etc.

        (4) The Buyer's Obligation: payment and take the delivery including: time, place,methods and             currency of the payment and vessel dispatching;

        (5) Dispute and settlement: the way to prevent disputes and the settlementincluding: good                   inspection, validity of claim, force majeure  and arbitration


    4.  Witness/Final Clause