–SectionA: Software Design

•Complex Sentences

[1]Original: Viewed as a process, software design is the software engineering life cycle activity in which software requirements are analyzed in order to produce a description of the software’s internal structure that will serve as the basis for its construction.

Translation: 作为一个过程来看，软件设计是一项软件工程生命周期活动，其中，软件需求被分析以产生软件内部结构的描述，它将作为软件构建的基础。

[2]Original: More precisely, a software design(the result) must describe the software architecture — that is how software is decomposed and organized into components — and the interfaces between those components. It must also describe the components at a level of detail that enable their construction.

Translation: 更确切地讲，软件设计（的结果）必须描述软件体系结构— 即软件如何被分解和组织成组件— 以及组件之间的接口。软件设计也必须在使其能够构建的详细级别上描述组件。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

__ 1. In software design,software engineers form a blueprint of the solution to be implemented.

__ 2. Structure Chart is a kind of diagram for representing the software architecture in Function-Oriented Design.

__ 3. Object-Oriented Design has the same meaning but a different name from object-based design emerged in the mid-1980s.

__ 4. Inheritance and polymorphism are two of the most key characteristics in OO design.

__ 5. A software component has well-defined interfaces  and dependencies  that can be composed and deployed  independently.

•II. Choose the best answer toeach of the following questions.

1. Which statement is wrong  about the software design according to this article?

(A) Software design plays an mportant role in transition from software requirements to its construction.

(B) Software design describes thesoftware architecture, interfaces and components, and defines other characteristics of a system or component.

(C) Using heuristics and aniterative approach as general strategies, software design is a heuristic and iterative process in nature.

(D) Software design allows software engineers to analyze software requirements and form a model of the requirements finally.

2. Which statement is right about  the software design approaches mentioned in this article?

(A) Structured  design  focuses  on  identifying  the  major  software  structure  and then elaborating  and refining  them  in a top-down manner. 

 (B) In Data-Structure-Centered Design, the software engineer  first  produces the input and output DFDs and then develops  the program’s  control  structure

 (C) In Object-Oriented Design, every noun canbe strictly abstracted  into an object, and every verb  can  be abstracted  into  amethod  as well as  every adjective can be abstracted into an attribute of the object related.

(D) The  main  objective of Component-Based  Design is improving  software reuse. 

3. How many kinds of methods forsoftware design are referred to in this article in all?

(A) Five  

(B) Six   

(C) Seven    

(D) Eight

•III. Translating.

 Original: Data-structure-centered design(for example, Jackson, Warnier-Orr) starts from the datastructures a program manipulates rather than from the function it performs.

Translation: 以数据结构为中心的设计（例如，Jackson方法，Warnier-Orr方法）从程序所操作的数据结构着手，而不是从其实现的功能着手。

–SectionB:Social Networking

•Complex Sentences

Original:This is because unlike most  high schools, colleges, or workplaces, the Internet is filled with millions of individuals who are looking to meet other people, to gather and share first-hand  information and experiences  about cooking, golfing, gardening, developing  friendships professional alliances, finding employment, business-to-business marketing and even groups sharing information  about  baking cookies  to  theThrive Movement. 

Translation: 这主要是因为，与大部分高中、大学或者公司不同，互联网上有着数以百万计用户。他们在不断地尝试和别人建立联系，以获取或分享关于烹饪、打高尔夫、园艺、发展援助职业联盟、求职、企业对企业营销，甚至为“发展运动”烘制饼干的第一手信息和经验。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

__1. When it comes to online social networking, FTP is commonly used.

__ 2.Social  networking  Websites  function  like an auction  between Internet  users.

__3. Facebook and Twitter are examples of social networking options.

__4. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts,activities, events, and interests with people in their  network.

__5. Regarding data theft and viruses, it is not dangerous to use social  networking service.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which statement is wrong aboutthe social networking?

(A) Although danger does exist with social networking online, it also exists in the real world, too. 

(B) Social networking  often involves grouping specific individuals or organizations  together. 

(C) Making friends  is just one of  the  many benefits to social  networking online.

(D) Data theft and viruses have no threats to social networking online.

2. Which company is social networking related?

 (A)Facebook

 (B)Intel

 (C)Dell

 (D)Lenovo

3. Which of the following is not  the work of social networking Websites?

(A) Social networking Websites function like an online community of Internet users.  

(B) Many of these online community  members  share common interests  in  hobbies, religion, politics and alternative lifestyles via social  networking Websites

(C) Once you are granted access to asocial  networking Website you are allowed to read the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.

(D) Once you are granted  access to a social  networking Website you canbegin to individualize, and  need no contacts with others.

•III. Translating.

1.Original:Another one of  those benefits  includes  diversity  because the Internet  gives individuals from all around the  world  access to social networking  sites.

Translation: 社交网络的另一个好处就是多样性，因为互联网允许世界各地的人们都可以接入社交网络。

2. Original:The  most  prevalent  danger though  often  involves  online  predators or  individuals who claim to be someone that  they are not.

Translation: 最为普遍的风险往往和互联网上的“掠夺者”或虚假身份有关。