句子结构划分和释义实战练习课

例子

1. Imagine（谓语动词）1, for example, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be（谓语动词）2 by our current global communication system, were（谓语动词）3 he alive today.

3个谓语动词之间关系：1为主句的谓语动词，2为宾语从句的谓语动词，3为条件状语从句的谓语动词

翻译时牢记：主干（主谓宾补）不变、后置定语提前、倒装还原、插入省去、同位语处理成并列结构、状语隔离并标记逻辑关系。

本句翻译示例如下：

想象一下，像牛顿这样的十七世纪大科学家如果还活着的话，他们看到我们现在的全球交流体系时该有多么惊讶。

 

2. （If you turn the picture around and you have some advanced extraterrestrial looking at the Earth, until the last hundred years） there was no evidence of intelligent life（主句） but for billions of years （before that they would have deduced） （that this was a very unusual world） and （that there were probably living creatures on it）.

动词如此多，谁是谓语动词呢？谨记：带有时间标记（现在是标记：动词原形、-s/-es；过去时标记：-ed、不规则变化）的动词是谓语动词；没有时间标记，仅有体（完成体：to have done；进行体：to be doing）和态（to do，to be done）变化的动词为非谓语动词。

句子结构划分的第一步：找到谓语动词

第二步：找到谓语动词之间的逻辑层级关系（括号匹配法：看看所标记的谓语动词前是否有连词，如果有在该连词前标记左括号，然后在这个连词后第一个完整的主谓机构后标记有括号，括号里面的就是从句，括号外面剩下的主谓结构就是主句）

第三步：按例1所示进行翻译理解

请试试完成以下句子的句子结构划分（标记谓语动词、标记谓语动词之间的逻辑关系），然后进行句子翻译吧

 

3. Without some knowledge of language, of history, of inflection, of the position of the storyteller within the group, without a hint of the social roles played by males and females in the culture, without a sense of the society’s humor or priorities—without such knowledge, how can we, as reader of listener, penetrated to the core of meaning in expression of art?

 

4. Anyone who has read Edward Snow’s highly personal and poetic Study of Vermeer is unlikely to be able to meet the gaze of the young woman in The Girl with the Pearl Earring without feeling something of the confusion and complicity he so eloquently describes.

 

5. Foraging near the hut that he built himself, cultivating beans whose properties invited speculation, gazing into the depths of Walden Pond, Henry David Thoreau epitomizes a long-standing American worship of nature.

 

6. This serves to confirm the view of one Victorian man, born in 1790, that whereas his mother had confidently joined in the family auctioneering business, the increased division of the sexes had seen the withdrawal of women from business life.

 

7. Isolated from light, warmed only from below, starved of nutrients, the life-forms of Vostok could teach scientists how life might persist in Europa’s frigid climate, where temperatures average minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit.

 

8. The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem.

 

9. If you would like them to rest for a minute so you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, let them have a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little moment of superiority.

 

10. But unlike a man, whose self-worth rose through his economic exertions, a woman who did likewise risked opprobrium for herself and possibly shame for those around her.