一、名词性从句的翻译：

大多数可以按照原句的语序译成相应的汉语，但有时也要采取其他的处理方法

•1 主语从句：

• 1)以that, what, whatever, who , whoever 等连接词或where, when, how why 等连接副词引导的主语从句，翻译时按照原文的语序翻译。

•Whatever she saw and heard on her trip gave her a very deep impression.

•她此行所见所闻都给她留下了深刻印象。

•2) 对于it 做形式主语，将其真正的主语从句放在后面的句子，汉译时主语从句可以不提前， it 无须译出。

•It is a shame that their countries sometimes don't have the resources to nurture and hold on to them.

•感到可惜的是我们国家有时候没有足够的资源去培养和留住他们。

  2 宾语从句：

•1)用what, when, how ,that 等引导的宾语从句，汉译是通常按原文的语序翻译

•In our research, we found that one fundamental need of people in work is to increase their value through performance with increased knowledge, skills and experience.

•在我们的研究当中，我们了解到人们对工作的基本需求是通过增长知识技能和积累经验来提升他们的价值。 

•2)用it 做形式宾语的句子，汉译时从句一般可以按原文的语序翻译。有时也可将从句提到主语前翻译。

•We have no definite information yet as to which route she will take. 

•至于她走哪条线路还没有准确的消息。

•3 表语从句：按原文的语序进行

•The question is whether we should go to shanghai by train or by plane. 

•问题是我们是坐火车呢还是坐飞机去上海。

•4同位语从句

•1) 按原文语序

•The jury came to the conclusion that Mr. White was innocent. 

•陪审团一致得出结论怀特先生是无辜的。

•2 )同位语从句提前

It does not alter the fact that you are the man responsible for the delay.

你要对延误负责任，这个事实无法改变。

•3) 增加冒号，破折号或“即”，“这样”，“这一”等字眼进行翻译

•But considering realistically, they had to face the fact that their prospects were less than good.

•从现实的角度去考虑，他们必须面对这样一个事实，即他们的前景不容乐观。

二、定语从句的翻译

1、 前置法：是指将英语定语从句译成汉语带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将英语复合句译为汉语简单句。

She was not at ease with those reporters who were always hunting for exclusive news from her.

她跟那些想从她身上挖出独家新闻的记者处不来。

2、 后置法：如果定语从句的结构复杂，译成前置定语会显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯，这时可译成后置的并列分句。

When he was lost to her view, she pursued her homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky, where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly.

直到看不见他了，她才走回家去，有时抬头望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔腾。

3、融合法：将原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个简单句，其中的定语从句翻译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系比较密切，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句。

There will be a special discount for anybody who orders the shoes of size 35.

任何人订购35码鞋都将享受优惠折扣。

4 转译法：结构上是定语从句，但功能上却不是定语而是状语，因此，在翻译时可根据上下文将其译为表示原因，结果，条件等的状语从句。

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.

现在人们已经懂得，如果饮食中缺少了某种成分，即使其中不含任何有害物质，也会引起严重疾病。

三、状语从句

1 时间状语从句

1）译成汉语相应的时间状语

Eg. When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.

当你认为自己一无所知时，你就开始有所知了。

2） 译成汉语“刚（一）...... 就 ......”的句式

   Eg. She burst into tears the time she heard the bad news.

3） 译成汉语并列的分句

Eg.  They set her free when her ransom had not yet been paid.

他还没交赎金，他们就把他放了。

4） 译成汉语的条件句 

Eg. A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 

若无外力的作用, 静止的物体不会移动。

2 地点状语从句：

    可译成汉语的条件句

 There is never peace where men are greedy.

只要人类有贪婪，就不会有和平。（人类贪欲不止, 世界和平无望。） 

Where there is a will, there is a way.

3 原因状语从句

1）译成表示原因的分句 

Effective translators should capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word translation of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstanding.

高效的译员在翻译广告时应抓住其全面信息，因为逐字逐句的翻译原文几乎无法表达原意，而且还常会造成误解。

2) 译成因果偏正副句中的主句

Because she was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, she stuck to her opinion.   

她深信这一事实可靠无误，因此坚持己见。

四、被动语态的翻译

1 保留主语将英语被动语态转为汉语主动语态。

 Solution to the problem was ultimately found. (翻成主动句)

这个问题终于找到了解决的方法。

2 转换主语

Swift progress has also been made in education.

教育事业也有了迅速的发展。

3 保留被动语态, 分别用受, 遭受, 加以, 给以, 让, 为…….所….等来翻译。

She has been sent to study in America.

她被派到美国学习去了。

4 使用泛指主语: 人们, 大家或据说, 据悉等字眼

It cannot be long before it is generally realized that perfect proportions and understated elegance are superior to meretricious（华而不实的） ornament and flashy（浮华的，昙花一现的） surface.

无需很久，人们就会普遍认识到完美的比例以及含蓄的优雅要优于浮华的装饰，华而不实的外表。

5 转为无主句

And from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent plan if progress is to be made.

这之后，要想继续进步就要精心计划。