词组翻译口语练习：
英译汉技巧
一、词义的选择（英译汉）
•1 根据词类及搭配选择词义
•Eg. The hour hand of a clock goes round right in twelve hours. （round adv.）钟的时针12小时转一圈。
• The ticket agent asked me whether I wanted a one-way or round-trip ticket. 售票员问我，我是要单程票还是往返票。
•2 根据感情色彩选择词义：英语词汇中含感情色彩的词少，大多数是中性词。汉译时应根据上下文将褒贬色彩表达出来；汉语中有时候出于政治，社会和习惯上的原因，对一些带有褒贬色彩的词弃而不用，改用中性词语。
• Eg. I am very grateful to be able to turn over the reins of leadership to a new president with American in such a strong position to meet the challenge of the future.
•译文：我非常高兴能于此时将领导权交给新任总统，美国非常强大，可以迎接未来一切挑战。
•3 根据文化背景知识选择词义
•Eg. 8 million have moved off the welfare.
•错译：800万人重新获得救济。
•改译：800万人已经重新获得就业，不需再靠救济金生活了。
•4 根据上下文和逻辑选择词义
•Eg. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry.
• 农民常给牛和家禽注射青霉素。
•5 根据语气强弱选择词义
•Eg. Today I welcome the opportunity of exchanging views with the leaders of the Chinese Government about the world scene.
•今天我很高兴有机会跟中国政府领导人就世界形势交换看法。
•二、词类的转换
•英语和汉语分属不同的语系，两种语言的词汇，语法以及表达方式等迥然不同。在英译汉时，不拘泥原文的词类对号入座，在真实原文的前提下，按汉语的行文习惯，进行适当的词类转换来求得译文的通顺达意，自然流畅。它可以在任何词性间进行。
•E.g. A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.
•研究（n- v.）一下那封信，让我们毫不怀疑(n- v.)其背后别有用心。
•A well-dressed man ,who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.
•一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐(v.-n.)都像个美国人。
•三、增词法
• 增词译法：就是在原文的基础上添加，补充必要的单词，词组，分句或完整句，使译文在语法，语义，风格等方面符合译文语言的表达习惯，真正做到信，达，雅。
•E.g. •He showed me the scars on his legs.
•他给我看腿上的道道伤疤。
•Heated, water will change into vapor.
•四、省略译法：
在不影响意义完整性的前提下将原文中某些词不译。如：英语中的物主代词，冠词，连词，主要是一些虚词 。
•1. If individuals are awakened/ each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable/ even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.
•翻译：如果每次在刚刚进入梦境睡眠阶段时都被人唤醒，即使睡眠总量充足，也会变得非常易怒。
•2. University applicants /who had worked at a job /would receive preference /over those/ who had not.
•翻译：报考大学时，有工作经验的优先录取。（在入学申请时，有过工作经历的人要比那些没有的更容易被录取。）
•3. Practically all substances expand when heated and contracted when cooled.
•翻译：几乎所有的物质都热胀冷缩。
五、重复法：
1)There had been too much publicity about their relationship.
他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨，人人皆知。
2)Whoever drives through the red light should be fined.
谁闯了红灯谁就要被罚款。
六、反面着笔法：（反说正译或正说反译）
You couldn't kill any more.
你已经恶贯满盈了。
A man can never have too many ties.
(A man has too many ties. 就是说一个男人的领带太多了。若加can never , 直译为一个男人从来不会有太多的领带, 再多也不过分。所以意译为“男人有多少领带也不嫌多”。)
A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it cannot last too long; it is bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.
书好比邻居，如果是本好书，相伴得越久越好；如果是本坏书，越早摆脱越好。
