The formation of phrases

词组是按一定的语法规则，围绕一定中心词 (headword) 结合起来的一组词。中心词的词类决定词组的类别及组合方式.，一般分为: Noun phrase, Verb phrase, Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase and Preposition phrase.

1. 主要词类

动词分为: 主动动词(main verb)——及物(transitive)/不及物(intransitive)/连系(linking)

                助动动词(auxilliary verb)——do/ be/ have

               情态动词(modal verb)——can/ shall/ will/ may/ must

名词分为:普通名词(common noun)——个体名词(individual noun)----artist/ computer/ person

                 集体名词(collective noun)---police/ clothing/ people

                物质名词(material noun) /----salt / coffee/ toothpaste

                 抽象名词(abstract noun)/---honesty / anger /desire

                 专有名词(proper noun)----Asia / Daily / Oscar /the Pacific

形容词分为:单个形容词(simple adjective)和复合形容词(complex adjective):

          adj. + adj. ----deaf-mute；      adj. / adv. + -ing ----easy-going / good-looking；

          adj. / adv. + -ed----well-known/ newly-built；   n. + adj.----duty-free / grass-green；

          n. + -ing/-ed ----man-made / suntanned / law-abiding / world-shaking;

          num. + n.----three-year-old/ first-tier;   adj. + n.----part-time/ half-moon

副词分为: 方式副词(manner adverb)---loudly / nervously ,

程度副词(degree adverb)----deeply/ much / almost,

时间副词(time adverb)----recently / ago / soon ,

地点副词(place adverb)---over / home / abroad / upstairs / in / anywhere

介词分为: 简单介词(simple preposition)----despite / against / beyond

             复合介词(complex preposition)----apart from / thanks to / as for / out of / in spite of

2. 词组结构

  根据写作表达的需要, 词组有动宾结构, 并列结构, 修饰结构, 附属结构。

A) 动宾结构：V + N, 这里的V包括及物动词，及物短语动词即“动+介/副词(小品词)”, 例如 come across a problem / put up with the noise / look forward to your reply，以及复合动词: baby-sit / day-dream / sleep-walk / window-shop )

B) 并列结构：N + N ( English teacher / science and technology / hand in hand )

C) 修饰结构： Adj.+ N (这里的Adj也包括复合形容词。） 例如 world-shaking tragedy/ a three-year-old boy)

D) 附属结构：Prep.+ N或V + Adv. (这里的V指不及物动词或不及物短语动词，通常表示动作发生的场所与方向，例如 go to school/ come in )

发布作业1.10

作业1.10 词组汉译英