1. 碰到友人打招呼

嗨!你好!Hi! 

比Hello随便，用于比较熟悉的人，男女都可以用。

你好!Hello. 

一天中常用的寒暄用语。

A)Hello, Mr. Smith. (史密斯先生，您好!)

B)Oh, hi John. (嗨，约翰，你好!)

A为学生，B为老师。

你好!Good afternoon. 

下午用寒暄用语。主要用于工作环境中。

晚上好!Good evening.

你好吗?How are you? 

最常用的问候方式。除了有问候对方“你好吗”的意思外，还含有“午安”在内的意思。

Hi, John! (嗨!约翰，你好!)

Oh, Mary! How are you? (噢，玛丽，你好吗?)

= How are you? (你好吗?)

Pretty good. (非常好。)

= How's it going?

= How're you doing? *语气较随便。

我很好，谢谢。Fine, thank you.

= I'm fine, thank you.

不怎么好。Not so good. 

用于身体状况不好或是有其他什么不好的事时。

How are you feeling? (你的身体怎么样?)

= Not so great.

= Could be better. 

虽然“有向好的方向发展的余地”，但给人一种“不怎么好”的语感。

老样子。Nothing much.

= Nothing special.

认识您我很高兴。Glad to meet you. 

用于初次见面。

= I'm glad to meet you.

= Nice to meet you.

= It's great meeting you.

出什么事啦?What's up?

Nothing much. (没什么。)

= What's new? *用于强调有无新的变化。

= What's happening? *强调“发生什么事情了?”

= How've you been? *有好长时间没见的语感。

你的家人怎么样?How's your family?

Everyone's fine. (大家都很好。)

还好吧?How's everything? 

意为“进行得顺利吗?”。如果在饭馆服务员这样问的话是“饭菜怎么样?”的意思。

How's everything? (怎么样，还好吧?)

= It's going pretty well. (一切很顺利。)

Same as always. (和平常一样。)

= How's everything going?

= How's it going?

= How are things?

工作怎么样?How's business?

还可以。Not bad.

今天怎么样?How did it go today? 

用于会议或聚会等特别场合。

So-so. (还凑合吧。)

= How was your day?

和往常一样。Oh, same as usual.

How was work today? (今天工作怎么样?)

= Oh, same as usual. (和往常一样。)

= Same old, same old. *俚语。

= Another day, another dollar.

急着干什么去呀?What's the hurry?

We're going to be late for the movie. (我们赶着去看电影呢。)

= Why are you in a hurry? (为什么那么着急?)

= Why are you hurrying? (干吗那么着急?)

你去哪儿?Where are you headed? 

head 是动词，be headed for...表示“向着……前进”。

= Where are you going?

= Where are you off to?

你干吗呢?What are you doing?

I'm ironing my shirt. (我在熨衬衫呢。)

我在想点事儿。I was just thinking. 

just 表示一种“有点”，“不过……”的语感。

我只是发了会儿呆。I was just daydreaming. 

daydream “沉湎于幻想”。

我只是在消磨时间。I'm just killing time. 

kill time “消磨时间”、“打发时间”。

= I'm just hanging out. *hang out “什么都不做，无端地耗费时间”。

你想什么呢?What's on your mind?

I'm worried about my wife. (我有点担心我的妻子。)

= What are you thinking of?

没想什么。/没什么。Nothing.

和往常一样。Another day, another dollar.

How was work today? (今天工作怎么样?)

= Another day, another dollar. (和往常一样。)

你来的正是时候。You've come just in time.

= You've come at the right time.

原来你在这儿啊!There you are! 

用于终于找到了要找的人时。

Were you looking for me? (你找我?)

= Gotcha! *俚语。

= Here you are.

= Found you!

杰夫在吗? Is Jeff around?

He was here a few minutes ago. (几分钟前他还在这儿来着。)

你见到斯科特了吗?Have you seen Scott? 

多用于公司和学校。

No, not today. (没有，今天没看见他。)

我偶然碰到了他。I ran into him. 

run into “没想到的，偶然的相遇”。

= I bumped into him.

哎，你猜我昨天遇见谁了?Guess who I bumped into yesterday?

Who? (谁呀?)

我跟他素不相识。He's a stranger to me. 

表示“以前从没见过面”。

2. 好久不见问候对方

好久不见。It's been a long time. 

当别人这么对自己说时，通常用It sure has.来回答。

好久不见。It's been so long.

John, is that you? (你是约翰吧?)

= Yeah, it's been so long. (是我，好久没见。)

好久没见了。Long time no see. 

比较随便的说法。对方一般回答Yeah, how have you been?/Yeah, too long.

= Long time no see. (好久没见了。)

Yeah, how have you been? (是呀，你还好吗?)

= I haven't seen you for a long time.

= I haven't seen you for ages.

还好吧?How have you been?

I've been all right. (嗯，挺好的。)

最近怎么样?How have you been doing? 

询问对方的身体和近况。

I've been alright. (干得还不错。)

忙什么呢?What have you been doing? 

用来询问没见面的这段时间里的情况。

Just working. (上班呗。)

= What have you been doing? (忙什么呢?)

Nothing much. (没忙什么。)

= What have you been up to?

你去哪儿了?Where have you been?

很高兴又见到你。I'm glad to see you again. 

*回答这句时说So am I. (我也是)。see可以用meet代替。去掉again则带有初次见面的语感。

= I'm happy to see you.

= Nice to see you.

= It's great seeing you again.

你一点儿都没变。You haven't changed at all.

You're the same old Bob, aren't you? (鲍勃，你还是老样子。)

你没怎么变。You haven't changed much.

Neither have you. (你也没变。)

你变样了。You've really changed.

你长大了。You've grown up.

= You're all grown up now.

= Look how you've grown up. (看你都长这么大了!) 

多用于爷爷、奶奶见到孙辈时。

你越来越漂亮了。You've become so beautiful.

= You've gotten so pretty.

约翰他好吗?Is John okay? 

这种说法带有约翰有病或受伤的语感。

He's getting better. (好多了。)

你看上去不错。You look great.

You look good, too. (你也一样。)

你感觉怎么样?How are you feeling?

I'm feeling great. (我感觉很好。)

他这些日子过得怎么样?How's he getting along these days?

Good. (挺好的。)

How's he doing? (他干得怎么样?)

最近你是不是胖了?Are you gaining weight?

I'm afraid so. (好像是吧。)

= Have you gained weight?

= Are you getting fatter? *不礼貌的说法。

Are you losing weight? (最近你是不是瘦了?

      3.和初次见面的人交谈

您是哪里人?Where are you from?

My country has a lot of mountains... (我的家乡有很多山……)

Oh, yeah? Where are you from? (哦，是吗?您是哪儿人?)

I'm from Japan. (我是日本人。)

我是加拿大人。I'm from Canada.

我从加拿大来。I come from Canada. 

①I'm from Canada.和②I come from Canada.的意思几乎一样。但是②含有两种意思：一种是“自加拿大来，但并非是加拿大籍”；另一种意思是“我是加拿大人”。

I was born in Canada. (我出生在加拿大。)

Chicago is my hometown. (我的故乡是芝加哥。)

你觉得中国怎么样?How do you like China?

= What do you think about Japan?

我很喜欢。I like it.

是个好地方。It's a good place.

你都去过中国的哪些地方?Where have you been in China?

你现在住在哪儿?Where do you live now?

我住在北京。I live in Beijing

您是来度假的吗?Are you here on vacation? 

on business是“因公”，on vacation是“度假”。

= Are you vacationing?

= Are you here for a vacation?

= Is this a pleasure trip?

= Are you here on business or for pleasure? (您来这是工作还是游玩?)

我是来工作的。I'm here on business.

= My trip is business related. (我的旅行和工作有关。)

= I'm on a business trip.

您来日本多长时间了?How long have you been in Japan?

I just arrived last week. (上星期刚来。)

About three years. (大概3年左右了。)

4个月左右。About four months.

你习惯中国的生活了吗?Are you used to life in China? 

be used to “习惯”，注意“d”不发音。

No, not yet. (没有，还不习惯。)

= Have you gotten used to life in Japan?

= Have you grown accustomed to Japan?

你在中国待到什么时候?How long will you be in China?

Until next month. (呆到下个月。)

= How long do you plan to stay?

呆到12月。Until December.

你说汉语吗?Do you speak Chinese?

Unfortunately, no. (很遗憾，我不会。)

= Can you speak Chinese? (你能说日语吗?)

= Are you a Chinese speaker?

只会一点儿。A little.

= Just a little.

= Some. (一点儿。)

我一点儿都不会说。I can't speak Chinese at all. 

*not...at all “一点都不……”。

我会一点儿日常会话。I know (everyday) conversational chinese.

你是在哪儿学的日语?Where did you learn chinese ?

在学校。At school.

我自学的。I learned it on my own. 

on my own “自学”、“靠自己的力量”。

= I learned it by myself. 

by oneself “一个人”、“靠自己的力量”。

你什么时候过生日?When's your birthday?

It's May 24th. (5月24日。)

●关于工作

你了解他的背景吗?Do you know his background?

I know very little about him. (我一点儿也不了解。)

我在一家电脑公司工作。I work for a computer company.

我是国家公务员。I'm a government employee.

我是个体经营者。I'm self-employed.

你在哪个部门工作?Which department do you work for?

I work for ABC Company. (我在ABC公司工作。)

搞销售的。Sales.

这个工作你做了多长时间了?How long have you been doing that job?

10年了。For 10 years.

你的公司在哪儿?Where is your company?

= Where is your company located?

在上海。In Shanghai

上下班路上要花多长时间?How long does it take (you) to commute? 

commute “上班，上学”。

1个小时左右。About one hour.

= Around one hour.

= It takes about one hour.

= About an hour.

你怎么去上班?How do you get to work?

= How do you go to work?

我坐地铁。I ride the subway.

= I use the subway.

= I take the subway.

我正在调工作。I'm changing jobs.

我正在找工作。I'm job hunting now.

= I'm looking for work now.

我明年退休。I'm retiring next year.

我现在失业了。I'm out of work now. 

out of work “失业”。

= I don't have a job now.

= I'm not working right now.

= I'm unemployed. (现在失业了。)

●关于学校

你是学生吗?Are you a student?

= No, I've already finished school. (不是，我已经毕业了。)

= Do you go to school? (你还在上学吗?)

我是个大学生。I'm a college student. 

在美国，college指包括university在内的大学。

I'm a junior college student. (我是大专生。)

I go to a vocational school. (我上职业专科学校。)

I go to a cram school. (我上的是补习学校。)

我正在学习英文。I'm studying English.

我毕业于北京大学。I went to Beijing University.

你上的哪所大学?Where did you go to college? *college 指的一般大学。

I went to Harvard University. (我上的是哈佛大学。)

你上什么学校?What school do you go to?

= Which school do you go to?

我上……大学。I go to...university. 

elementary school “小学”，junior high school “中学”，high school “高中”。

你上几年级了?What year are you in? 

这句主要是问高中和大学的年级。如果是问小学生的话，应该用What grade are you in?

我上一年级。

I'm a freshman. 

在美国的高中和大学1年级是freshman,2年级是sophomore，3年级是junior，4年级是senior。在美国没有初中的情况很多。在小学用I'm in first grade.表示1年级，I'm in

second grade.表示2年级。

我明年毕业。I'll graduate next year.

= I'm graduating next year.

你的专业是什么?What's your major?

= What do you major in?

= What are you studying? (你是学什么的?)

我的专业是英语。I'm an English major.

= I major in English.

你参加哪个俱乐部?What club are you in?

= What club do you belong to?

我在滑雪俱乐部。I'm in the ski club.

你在打工吗?Do you have a part-time job? 

小时工是a part time job，正式职工是a full-time worker。

Yes, I'm a tutor. I work three times a week. (嗯，我做家教，一星期教三次。)

= Do you work part-time? (你在做小时工吗?)

我一个星期去一次书店做收银员。I work at a bookstore as a cashier once a week.

毕业以后你打算做什么?What are your plans after graduation?

I haven't decided yet. (我还没有决定。)

= What are you going to do after you graduate?

●关于家庭

你家有几口人?How many people are in your family?

I have a large family. (我家是个大家庭。)

四口人。Four people.

父母和我的妹妹。My parents and my younger sister.

你有兄弟姐妹吗?Any brothers or sisters?

No, none. (没有，一个也没有。)

= Do you have any brothers or sisters?

= Any siblings? 

文言表达方式。sibling指“兄弟姐妹”。

只有一个哥哥(弟弟)。Just one brother. 

just和only都表示“只有，只”。想明确表示哥哥时用older brother，弟弟用younger brother。英语中一般不把兄弟或姐妹加以区分。

= I just have one brother.

你和父母住在一起吗?Do you live with your parents?

我一个人住。I live alone.

我住在公寓里。I live in an apartment.

你结婚了吗?Are you married?

Yes, I'm married. (是的，我结婚了。)

不，还没有。No, not yet.

Do you have any children? (你有孩子吗?)

= Nope. (没，没有。)

= Neah. (哪有啊。)

我有对象了。I have a fiancé. 

fiancé来自于法语，严格地来讲fiancé是“未婚夫”；fiancée是“未婚妻”。两者后缀不同，发音一样。

我打算明年结婚。I'm going to get married next year.

我结婚了。I'm married. 

“独身”用I'm single表示。

我订婚了。I'm engaged.

有孩子吗?Any children?

I have one of each. (我有一个男孩，一个女孩。)

= Do you have any children?

我有两个男孩。I have two boys.

= I have two sons. (我有两个儿子。)

我有一个女儿，在上小学。I have one daughter in elementary school.

我没有孩子。I don't have any children.

●关于兴趣和爱好

你有什么爱好?What are your hobbies?

I play golf. (我的爱好是打高尔夫球。)

你有点什么爱好吗?Do you have any hobbies?

业余时间你都干什么?What do you do when you have free time?

Nothing much. (不干什么。)

我喜欢看电影。I like to watch movies.

= I enjoy watching movies.

你喜欢看什么样的电影?What kind of movies do you like?

Any kind. (什么都爱看。)

你的钢琴弹得真好。You're a good pianist.

= You play the piano well.

你喜欢哪种运动?What kind of sports do you like?

你滑了多长时间雪了?How long have you been skiing?

我只是喜欢看。I just like to watch.

Do you play baseball? (你打棒球吗?)

= No, I just like to watch. (不，我只是喜欢看。)

= I only watch.

我是棒球迷。I'm a baseball fan.

= I'm a fan of baseball.

我喜欢打高尔夫球。I like to play golf.

你练习过健美操吗?Have you ever done aerobics?

No way. (怎么可能!)

= Have you done aerobics before?

你对什么感兴趣?What are your interests? 

interest “爱好”、“关心的事”。

I'm interested in art. (我对美术感兴趣。)

= What are your interested in?

= What kind of things are you interested in?

= What do you like?

我从没做过。I've never done that.

= I've never done that before.

= That was the first time for me. (我可是头一次。)

你去国外旅行过吗?Have you ever traveled abroad?

Yes, twice. (是的，去过两次。)

= Have you been overseas? (你去国外旅行过吗?)

你去哪儿了?Where have you been?

我去美国和德国了。I've been to the U.S. and Germany.

下次你想去哪儿?Where do you want to go next?

No place particular. (没有什么特别的地方。)

●有关年龄、身高和体重

你多大了?How old are you? 

在美国，出于礼貌是不问别人的年龄、体重和身高的。除非是自己比较熟悉的人，最好回避提这些问题。

I'm not old enough to drive. (我还不到开车的年龄。)

I can't drink alcohol yet. (我还不能喝酒。)

= May I ask how old you are? (我可以问您的年龄吗?)

= May I ask your age? (我可以问您的年龄吗?) *比较礼貌的说法。

我48岁。I'm forty-eight.

你的体重是多少?How much do you weigh?

= What's your weight?

75公斤左右。About seventy-five kilograms. 

美国不用公制单位，而用pound磅(1磅大约453克，复数是pounds)。

我重164磅。I weigh a-hundred-sixty-four pounds.

I weigh 164 Ibs. 

Ibs.读为pounds。

你有多高?How tall are you?

= What's your height?

1米80左右。About one-hundred-eighty centimeters. 

美国不用公制单位，而用foot英尺计算(1英尺大约30厘米，复数是feet；1英大约是2.5厘米，复数是inches)。

我身高5英尺3寸。I'm five feet three inches tall.

= I'm 5′3″ tall.

= I'm five three. 

口语中常用这种省略说法。