Using Equipment

                                 使用设备

学习内容提要：

• Using equipment and visuals to support your presentation使用设备和视觉资料来辅助你的报告

• Useful phrases for referring to visuals, ensuring your audience can see and expanding on notes 提示看视觉资料、确保听众能够看到以及进一步说明要点的实用表达

Context 情景

1 将下列图片（a~f）与它们的名称（1~6）对应起来。

a		b
c		d
e		f

1 flipchart

2 handouts

3 laptop and projector showing a slide

4 overhead projector(OHP) with overhead transparencies(OHTs)

5 pointer

6 interactive whiteboard

2 练习1中的设备适合在哪些场合使用？考虑以下因素：

the audience

the room

the type of presentation

3 听报告专家就使用不同视觉资料给出的建议。你同意他的观点吗？为什么？他提到的这些你做到了吗？

Presentation 语言呈现

1 以下句子节选自一个谈论如何使用视觉资料的报告，用方框中的单词将句子补充完整。

• Refer to each visual in your presentation and 1 ________ to the part you are referring to.

• Make sure the audience can 2______________ the visuals and give them enough 3__________ to read them.
  

• Use 4__________ or pie charts where appropriate: images can say more than words. Remember, though, to provide a key.

• Don't turn your 5__________ on the audience when you read the visual.

• Don't 6________ the visual out word for word; _________ on the information given.

小贴士： 在有些文化中，人们更趋向于依靠视觉资料的帮助获取信息。你的文化中是这样吗？

准备视觉资料

2 听两段报告的节选，指出以下描述分别对应哪段报告（A或B）.

3 请看报告A和报告B的视觉资料，完成下列标签。所缺单词的首字母已经给出。

小贴士：视觉资料上的文字尽可能越少越好——多使用关键词和项目符号。

使用视觉资料

4 再听一遍这两个报告，将下列与使用视觉资料有关的表达补充完整。

Handouts

1 You don't need to ______________ --I've got some________________.

2 Please could you ______________ these__________? There should be enough for everyone.

3 As you can see _________, the rent on our offices here in Madrid has increased slightly in the last year...

4 If__________ the second dandout, you can see that by restructuring our complaints department andmerging that with our help desk to create a new customer services department, we could save 500,000 euros each year.

Slides

5 ____________ someone please __________ the lights?

6 ___________ you see ______________?

7 ____________ how our overheads have increased dramatically over the last two years.

8 ____________ the expenditure of PrintLine and Paperworks.

9 If _________, you can see that by moving the remaining PrintLine staff here to our premises, we could not only save on renting the factory but also on leasing the machinery.

10 From these figures, ___________ we could save 20% on overheads.

小贴士：可以使用if从句提示听众去看视觉资料，例如：If you look at the second handout, you can see...

5 听录音并跟读，练习上题中一些表达的发音。课参考第95页的录音文本。

小贴士： 在Can you see at the back?这个句子中，can中的a 发（强读式）；而在From these figures, you can see that...这个句子中，can中的a发音（弱读式）。

Practice 演练

准备视觉资料

1 看下列视觉资料。如何加以修改，使它们更加清晰、易读？

使用视觉资料

  2 重新排列下列单词的顺序，组成做报告时提示看视觉资料常用的表达。

1 from/see/ you/ this/ can/ As/ slide,...

2 clearly/ This / graph/ shows...

3 pie chart,/ you/ this/ if/ look/ you/ at/ see.../ can

4 shows / table / how.../ This

5 flipchart,.../ notes/ see/ my/ you/ As/ can/ the/ in/ on

6 handout,.../ turn/ If/ to/ first/ you/ the/ the/ of / page

3 根据你可能要做的报告的情况，将练习2中的句子补充完整。

4 将左右两部分对应起来，组成用来确认听众是否能看到的视觉资料的表达。

1 Can you all

2 Would you mind not

3 Can you see or

4 There's a full set

5 It might be better

6 Has everyone

a of handouits on every seat.

b am Ｉblocking the screen?

c got a copy?

d see the screen from there?

e to sit here.

f sitting there?

小贴士：关于如何处理设备方面的问题，请参加Unit 5。

5 再回顾一下练习3和练习4中的句子和表达，特别要注意can中a的发音。

6 下列幻灯片用图表和要点列表来展现重要信息。用完整的句子进一步说明这些信息，先写出来，然后再大声说出来。

7 假设你要用练习6中的幻灯片向董事会做报告。花几分钟时间准备一下要讲的内容，然后大声讲出来。听录音，与录音进行比较。

Consolidation 巩固练习

1 想想你马上要做一个报告或演示。如果要用到设备和视觉资料的话，你会用哪种？（如果你最近没有报告或演示要做的话，那么想一想Unit 1中“演练”部分第6题中的报告可以用到哪些设备和视觉资料。）记下你的想法，并说明你为什么用或者不用视觉资料。

2 根据第83页的表格准备你的视觉资料。

3 现在想想提示听众看视觉资料及要点做进一步说明时要用的表达，并逐一说出来。

4 做完报告后，花一点时间反思一下：

•  Did the audience react positively to your visuals？

• What would you do differently next time?

Reference 重要词汇与表达

Useful phrases 实用表达

Vocabulary 词汇

Equipment/visuals设备/视觉资料

Cost  成本

学习建议

可以使用思维导图（见下图）手机与某一主题相关的词汇或想法。将主题写在中间，主要想法用主干表示，次要想法用主干分出来的细枝表示。

Review 复习

Skills 技巧

看下列视觉资料，哪个效果更好？为什么？修改效果不好的那个。

Useful phrases 实用表达

在下列场合中可以使用哪些表达？

1 You want to check your audience can see the flipchart.

2 You have some handouts to distribute at the end of the presentation.

3 The audience can't see the screen because the lights are on.

4 You want the audience to look at the graph on the overhead projector.

5 You want to draw the audience's attention to the pie chart on page 2 of their handout.

Vocabulary 词汇

用与“降低成本”相关的词汇完成下面的思维导图。

Pronunciation发音练习

再听一遍音频2.2中的报告B, 注意can 的发音。在第94页的录音文本中，圈出所有a发音（强读式）的“can”，并在所有有a发 音（弱读式）的“can”下划线。

Transcripts

2.1

Now I'll come onto preparing your visuals with reference to flipcharts, handouts, OHTs and slides. If you use a flipchart, you may not need to prepare anything in advance if you intend your talk to be interactive and you simply note down comments from the audience. However, if you want to use the flipchart to show your key points as you go along, before the presentation you could write them in pencil on the sheets as prompts-- you will be able to see your marks in pencil, but the audience won't be able to. In both instances, make sure your handwriting is legible--make it clear and large enough, and use a bold colour. This goes for writing on an overhead transparencey, too.

For all visuals, keep the layout clear. You can do this by avoiding too much text, by using key words rather than full sentences, by using bullet or numbered lists, and by having logical headings and titles. If you give the audience handouts, keep the number of pages to a minimum, unless is expecting a full and detailed report. If your handouts are photocopies, make sure they are neat and any sources are stated. This is the same for OHTs and slides. Finally, if you use an overhead projector, remember to turn it off when you're not using it so that it does not distract your audience.

2.2

A OK, Jose can't make it today, so let's get started. As you know, we have to cut costs by 15%, and I've got to make a proposal to the Board by the end of next week. I wanted to get some of your reactions  to my initial ideas. You don't need to take notes-- I've got some handouts that show various figures. Please could you pass around these copies? There should be enough for everyone--there aren't many of us. Thanks. I'll use the flipchart to record your comments.

Right, let's look at our current overheads. As you can see on the first sheet, the rent on our offices here in Madrid has increased slightly in the last year, but at about 20% of our outlay, I think that's manageable, and the location we have is ideal. I wouldn't want to change that. Utility costs and insurance have also increased slightly, but there's not a lot of room for making any savings there. However, staff costs exceed 60% of our total expenditure, and Ithink this is the areaould be looking at.

If you look at the second handout, you can see that by restrucuring our complaints department and merging that with our help desk to create a new customer services department, we could save 500,000 euros each year. I believe that by locating the two teams in the same office, they would be able to support one another, and as a result we would not need so many staff. So that's my proposal. What do you think?

B ood morning, everyone, thank you for coming. Fro those of you who don't know me, my name is Anna Kovac, Head of Fie here at Paperworks. As you know, we are under pressure from our shareholders to reduce overheads by 20%, and so I am here today to present the solution. I've prepared some slides to e xplain my proposal. Could someone please switch off the lights? Thank you. Can you see the back?

Firstly, this graph shows how our overheads have increased dramatically over the last two years. This is due to our merger with PrintLine plc.

Secondly, these pie charts compare the expenditure of PrintLine and Paperworks at the time of the merger. You can see how PrintLine's main expense was on leasing its premises. If you look at the next slide, you can see that by moving the remaining PrintLine staff here to our premises, we would not onlyl save on renting the factory but also on leasing the machinery. From these figures, you can see that we would save 20% on overheads.

2.3

Can you see at the back? As you can see on the first sheet, the rent has increased in the last year...

If you look at the second handout, you can see that we could save 500,000 euros each year. From these figures, you can see that we would save 20% on overheads.

Could someone please switch off the lights?

Please could you pass around these copies?

2.4

This graph clearly shows that our overheads have increased steadily since the year 2000. Now, if you look at the second slide, you can see the reasons for this: staff numbers have increased by 10%, the rent on our premises has gone up by 8% and the insurance premium has risen by 2%.

Answer key

Context

1 1d    2c    3a      4b   5f     6e

2 Suggested answers

a   A laptop and a projector are often considered for more formal presentation and for a large group of people, but they can be used in any situation, including a small group/ individual in an informal setting, especially if you want to view something online or use animation.

b OHPs are often used for groups in a more formal setting, but are being repalced by laptopss and projectors.

c Handouts can be used for any size of audience and for any kind of presentation, both formal and informal. Consider whether you want the handouts to be a word-for-word account of your presentation, including copies of the slides/OHTs, or whether it is to be a summary. Think also about when you wnat to give them out:if you hand them out at the beginning or during the presentation, the audience may read them instead of listening to you. If you hand them out at the end, the handouts act as a summary.

d A flipchart is often used for smaller groups and especially in interactive presentations where the presenter can note any ideas/ comments from the audience. When using a flipchart, make sure your handwriting is legible.

e A whiteboard may be used in a similar way to a flipchart; interactive whiteboards have the bonus of being able to make copies of what has been weritten.

f A pointer is useful for pointing to the screen in any context.

Presentation

1    1point   2see   3 time     4 graphs    5 back     6 read    7 expand

2  1B     2A      3B     4A     5A     6B

3  1 title   2 sheet    3 list; words     4 page    5 title    6 slide

     7 pie chart(s)    8 key     9 number

4   1 take notes; handouts

     2 pass around; copies

     3 on the first sheet

     4 you look at

     5 Could; switch off

    6 Can; at the back

    7 Firstly, this graph shows

    8 Secondly, these pie charts compare

    9 you look at the next slide

  10 you can see that

Practice

1 It is important to keep visuals simple and clear, as in the example below.

• Give visuals a heading.

• Break dense text down into bullet points.

• Make sure the text is accurate,eg. punctuation, spelling, figures.

• Limit the number of colours and font types.

• Choose colurs and fonts that are easy to see.

• Ensureficient contrast between the text and background.

• Make sure the text is large enough to read.

• Label diagrams clearly and include a key.

2 1 As you can see from this slide,...

   2 This graph clearly shows...

   3 If you look at this pie chart, you can see...

   4 This table shows how...

   5 As you can see in my notes on the flipchart,...

   6 If you turn to the first page of the handout,...

3 Suggested answers

1. ..profits have fallen sharply in the first quarter.

2. ...that sales were hit sharply in June, but recovered in August.

3. ...how sales broke down into product areas.

4. ...the R&D budget was allocated last year.

5. ...there are a lot of possible areas for development.

6. ...you will see a summary of the current situation.

Review

Skills

The first flipchart is effective because it has a heading and uses a visual rather than words.

The second visual could be improved as follows:

Sales:

• Overall increase in last 12 months

• Drop of 10% in summer

• Picked up again to 1,000 units per month

• Or a graph could be used.

Useful phrases

Suggested answers

1 Can you all see the flipchart?

2 You don't need to take notes--I've got some handouts.

3 Could someone please switch off the lights?

4 If you look at the graph...

5 As you can see on page 2 of your handout,...

Vocabulary    Suggested answer

Pronunciation

[Can] you see at the back?

You can see how PrintLine's main expense was on leasing its premises.

If you look at the next slide, you can see that by  moving the remaining PrintLine staff here to our premises, we would not only save on renting the factory but also on leasing the machinery. From these figures, you can see that we would save 20% on overheads.