目录

  • 1 UNIT 1 LOVE
    • 1.1 Lead-in
    • 1.2 In-class reading
    • 1.3 Grammar and vocabulary for Inclass-reading
    • 1.4 After class reading
    • 1.5 补充写作技巧-How to describe a person
  • 2 UNIT 3 BORN TO WIN
    • 2.1 Lead in
    • 2.2 In-class reading
    • 2.3 Grammar and vocabulary
    • 2.4 After class reading
    • 2.5 补充阅读
    • 2.6 补充写作技巧-How to write a paragrah
    • 2.7 补充听力
  • 3 UNIT 5 DREAM
    • 3.1 Lead in
    • 3.2 In-class reading
    • 3.3 After class reading
  • 4 UNIT 7 CULTURE
    • 4.1 Lead in
    • 4.2 In-class reading
    • 4.3 Grammar and  vocabulary
    • 4.4 After class reading
    • 4.5 补充阅读
    • 4.6 补充听力
    • 4.7 补充写作技巧-Division AND classification
  • 5 UNIT 8 MONEY
    • 5.1 Lead in
    • 5.2 In-class reading
    • 5.3 Grammar and vocabulary
    • 5.4 After class reading
    • 5.5 补充听力
Grammar and  vocabulary

Unit 7     Culture

 

In-Class Reading        Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully

 

Words & Usage词汇精讲

accompany   v. 伴随;陪伴;为…伴奏(Line 6, Para 3)

[用法1] be accompanied by/with 伴随着某事

e.g. I had a headache accompanied with fever

我头疼,还发烧。
[用法2] accompany sb. to some place 陪同某人去某处

e.g. She accompanied me to the doctor’s

她陪我去看了医生。
[用法3]accompany sb. at +乐器名 … … 伴奏亡寻

[构词法]  company  n. / v交往,加上前缀ac-成为动词。
[拓展记忆]accompanying  adj.随同的,陪伴的

accompanist  n.伴奏者,伴唱者

assure   v.使确信,使放心(Line 3, Para 5)

[用法1]assure sb. of sth.使某人确信某事,向某人保证某事
e.g. We would like to assure our customers of the best possible service

我们向顾客担保最佳的服务。

1 assure you that you will feel easy at my home.

我向你保证你在我家里会感到很自在。

[用法2]assure sb. that … … 保证… …

[构词法]来自sure  adj. (确信的),加上前缀as- 成为动词。
[拓展记忆]assured  adj.确定的,自信的

assurance  n.信念,把握
[词义辨析]assure/ensure/insure
  这三个词为形近词,但意义与用法不同。

assure 意为确信,常用句型为assure sb. of sth. ; assure sb. that 使某人确信某事,向某人保证某事;
ensure 意为确保,确信,常用句型为ensure ( sb.) sth. ; ensure that …
insure 意为保险

 

 

 

 

constantly  adv. 总是(Line 6, Para 1)

[构词法]-ly 是副词后缀,表示… … 方式constant 为词根。
e.g. The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a    constant emotional strain

竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛,但也把他们置于经常的情绪紧张之中。
[词义辨析]constantly/continually/ continuously 这三个词词义相近。
  constantly 表示不断的,强调经常性的;continually 表示持续的,连续的,中间有

短暂得间隔;continuously 表示持续的,连续的,中间不见断的。

[真题例句(CET4)]
We welcome rain , but a constantly large amount of rainfall will cause floods.

我们欢迎雨水,但是总是下大雨就会造成洪灾。

feasible  adj.可行的,可用的(Line 2, Para 4)

[用法1] a feasible plan 可行的计划
[用法2] feasible new sources of energy 可用的新能源

[构词法]-ible 构成形容词,表示可被… … 的、能被… …
[相关词汇]credible  adj.可信的          responsible  adj.负责的

intelligible  adj.可以理解的   compatible  adj.  一致的
[同义词链接]possible , suitable , practical

[拓展记忆]feasibility  n.可行性,可能性

haste  n.匆忙,仓促(Line 2, Para 7)

[用法1] in haste 急速,匆忙,草率
e.g. In my haste I forgot my coat

我在匆忙中忘了我的外套。

[用法2]make haste
e.g. Make haste to come.快来。
   More haste, less speed. (谚)欲速则不达。

[拓展记忆]hasty adj. 匆忙的,草率的

inevitable  adj. 不可避免的(Line 9, Para 6)

e.g. They did not work hard. It is inevitable that they will lose

不努力他们必然失败。

[构词法]in -,表示否定,与… … 相反evitable (可避免的)。
[同义词链接]certain , unavoidable

[反义词链接]avoidable

 

 

 

 

modesty  n.谦虚(Line 1, Para 11)

e.g. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind

虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
[构词法]-ty 构成名词,表示性质,状态。

[拓展记忆]modest  adj.谦虚的

proposal  n.建议(Line 5, Para 12)

[用法1] proposal 作“建议”解,后接从句使用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词为“should +动词原形”。

[用法2] advance/put forward a proposal 提出一个建议

[用法3] refuse/reject/turn down a proposal 拒绝一个建议

[真题例句(CET4)]

We were all for your proposal that the discussion be put off

我们都赞成你的将那个讨论延期的提议。

[构词法]-al 构成名词,表示性质、特点等。

[相关词汇]refusal  n.拒绝,谢绝 principal  n.校长

protest  n./v .反对,抗议(Line 6, Para 3)

[用法1] make a protest against/ over / at sth.对某事提出抗议
e.g. The people made a protest against the rise in prices

人们对价格上涨提出抗议。

[用法2] protest about sth.抗议
e.g. The tourists protested about the bad service at the restaurant

旅客们对那家饭店低劣的服务表示不满。


 

Difficult Sentences 难句详解

  

1. Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes. (Line 5, Para. 9)

译文而中国的男女主人就不一样(通常是男主人做一些高难度的菜),他们会为没有什么好吃的,以及没有合适的菜不成敬意而道歉。

Explanation:

本句中,not so”是一个倒装结构。正常语序的句子是“A Chinese host or hostess would not do so.

英语中,以否定词开头的句子往往需要部分倒装。如: not onlybut also, hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan

e.g. Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game beganB. has the game begun

C. did the game beginD. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardlywhen scarcelywhen等等。

 

注:只有当Not onlybut also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not onlybut also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

e.g. Not only you but also I am fond of music.

Paraphrase: A Chinese host or hostess (the food the husband cooks is more delicious) would not do so. Instead, he or she will apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.

 

2. The modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts take a “no” to mean “no”, whether it’s the first, second, or third time. (Line 2, Para. 11)

译文这种谦虚使许多中国人去美国人家里吃饭时吃不饱,因为按照中国的礼节,任何东西需要再三推让才能接受,而美国主人则认为不要就是不要,不管是第一次说、第二次说,还是第三次说 

Explanation:

1)本句中,词组“call for”表示to need or deserve”(需要,值得)

e.g. This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.
这是个迫切需要解决的问题。

call for还可以表示“要求,呼吁”

e.g. The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.

停火决议要求释放所有战俘。

此外,英式英语中,call for可以表示 “()(某人)”;美语中则可以表示“预测(尤指天气)”。

e.g. I shall be calling for you at seven o’clock.  7点钟我来接你。

call 相关词组小结:

call sb. names: 辱骂某人

call a spade a spade: 直言不讳

take a call: 接电话     return a call: 回电话

call it a draw: 打成平局,不分胜负

call a meeting: 召集会议  call a rehearsal: 召集排练  call a huddle: []召集会议

call it a day: 今天(的工作)就到此为止

call the tune:发号施令,操纵

call the shots: 发号施令,操纵

call sth. to mind: 1. 使回忆起  2. 想起

call collect: []打对方付费电话

call on sb.: 拜访某人

easy call:容易的决定  hard call: 困难的决定

the call of the sea: 大海的魅力

call in: (尤指向工作单位)打电话汇报   call in sick: 打电话请病假

call in at/on: []顺路拜访(探望)

call sb./sth. off: 1.(狗或人)走开(以停止攻击)  2.取消,撤消(计划的活动)

call off a strike:(正式)决定停止罢工

call on/upon: 1.短暂访问  2.要求(某人做某事)

call sb. up: 1.(尤美)(某人)打电话  2.()征召…入伍   3.挑选(某人)入国家队(尤指足球队)  4...召唤回来,(使)回忆起

call sth. up: (在计算机上)调出(信息)

be on call: (医生.工程师等)待命的,随叫随到的

2本句中leave 意思是 “to cause to be or remain in a particular state or position” (留下,使处于某种状态)。常用搭配为: leave + 宾语 + 形容词/动名词

e.g. Will you leave the light on when you go out? 你出门时让灯开着好吗? 

        She left me waiting for an hour. 她让我等了一个小时

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

After-Class Reading

 

Dining Customs in America

 

Words & Usage词汇精讲

apt  adj.易于做某事的,有做某事倾向的(Line 11, Para 4)

[用法]apt to do sth.易于做某事的,有做某事倾向的
e.g. This kind of shoes is apt to slip

这种鞋容易滑倒。

[近义词链接]inclined , liable , likely

contrary  n.相反;adj.相反的(Line 5, Para 4)

[用法1] on the contrary 相反的
e.g. I’ m not sick; on the contrary, I’ m in good health.我没有病;恰恰相反,我健康极了。

[用法2](常与to 连用)contrary to 相反地;相

e.g. He passed the examination, contrary to what I expected

他考试及格了,和我预料的情况相反。

[构词法]contra (逆反)+-ry 名词后缀

[相关词汇]arbitrary  adj.任意的      boundary  adj.界线

contemporary  adj.同时代的人   discovery  n.发现

[同义词链接]opposed , opposite

embarrassment  n.尴尬(Line 7, Para 3)

e.g. She blushed with embarrassment

她不好意思地脸红了。
[构词法]-ment 表示行动,过程;行动或过程的结果。
[拓展记忆] embarrass  v. 尴尬
          embarrassing  adj.令人尴尬的

likewise  adv.同样地(Line 5, Para 3)

e.g. Paul always finishes his workyou should do likewise

保罗总是能完成他的工作,你应该也这样。
[构词法]-wise 构成形容词、副词,表示… … 方面,状态、样子
[同义词链接]also , too

 

 

 

original  adj.起初的,原始的;独创的(Line 6, Para 7)

e.g. Who was the original owner of this house

谁是这座房子最早的主人?
The speaker seems to have no original ideas

演讲人似乎没有什么独到的见解。
He found it hard to read Hamlet in the original although he’d studied English for six years

他发现虽然自己学英语六年了,但读懂原版《哈姆雷特》还有困难。

[构词法]origin +后缀-al 构成形容词,表示性质、特点等(=-ial )。
[拓展记忆]origin  n.起源  originate  v.引起,起源

originally  ady.最初,原先

[真题例句(CET4)]

Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it

being cultivated in Cuba

玉米起源于新大陆,所以直到哥伦布发现玉米在古巴被种植之前,玉米在欧洲不为人知。
The bed has been handed down in the family. It Was my great-grandmother’s originally

这床乃家传之物,它原是我曾祖母的。

overstay  v.呆得时间过久(Line 3, Para 8)

[用法]overstay one’s welcome 呆得超过的时间(或)限度
e.g. The guests overstayed their welcome

客人因呆得太久而不再受欢迎。

[构词法]over- 表示超过、过分
[相关词汇]overactive  adj.过于活跃的  overestimate  v.过高估计  overdue  adj. 过期的

private  adj.私人的,个人的(Line 6, Para 3)

[用法1] in private 私下,秘密地

e.g. Mr. Morgan can be very sad in private , though in public he is extremely cheerful

摩根先生私下里可能非常悲伤,尽管在公众场合表现得兴致极高。

[反义词链接]in public 公开地

sensitive  adj.敏感的(Line 8, Para 2)

[用法] be sensitive to 十分敏感
e.g. She is sensitive to what people think of her

她很在意人们对她的看法。

[构词法]-tive 构成形容词或相关的名词,表示“…的、与有关的;有倾向性的

[相关词汇]destructive  adj.破坏的   narrative  adj.叙述性的

negative   adj.消极的   primitive  adj.原始的
[同义词链接]insensitive

 

 

thoughtful  adj.体谅的(Line 2, Para 8)

[用法1]  be thoughtful of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事想得周到
e.g. It was thoughtful of you to bring flowers

你带花来真是考虑周全。

[构词法]-ful 为形容词后缀,表示充满的、多的、赋有性质的
[同义词链接]considerate

 

 

 

 

Difficult Sentences 难句详解

 

1. Because she usually does the cooking, she times the meal so that the hot rolls and the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time the guests come. (Line 6, Para 1)

译文因为通常是她做饭,她算好时间,以便客人到时能吃到新鲜出炉的热面包卷、咖啡和肉。

Explanation:

1)本句中,time是动词,意为arrange or set the time at which something happens or is to happen”(安排的时间,选好的时间)

e.g. He timed the election to coincide with new measures to boost the economy.

他把选举安排在振兴经济的新政策出台时。

He had timed his intervention well.

他选择介入的时机恰到好处。

time作为动词,还可以表示 测定所花时间

e.g. He timed each performance with a stop-watch.

他用秒表测定每组动作所花的时间。

2)词组at one’s best意为in the best state or form”(处于最佳状态)

e.g. His business was at its best at the beginning of this year since it was started two years ago. 自两年前开业以来,今年年初他的生意最兴隆。

 

2. A visitor should be sensitive to each situation and follow the lead of the American present. (Line 7, Para 2) 

译文来访的客人应留意各种情况,照着在场的美国人去做。 

Explanation:

1)本句中,词组be sensitive to表示 “being able to feel or perceive something”(对易感受的,敏感的)

e.g. A baby is sensitive to the slightest nuances in its mothers voice.

婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。

Children are sensitive to disapproval and adjust their behavior accordingly.

孩子们对批评十分敏感,并会相应地调整自己的行为 

[近义词组辨析] be sensitive about 可以表示“对介意”;

e.g. He is very sensitive about his age.  

他非常介意他的年龄。

2follow the lead/example意为do as someone else has done”(仿效某人) 

e.g. Children tend to put their role models on a pedestal and follow their lead.

 

3. Until the meal is under way, if the dinner is in a private home, a guest may avoid embarrassment by leaving the talking to someone else. (Line 5, Para 3)

译文如果宴会是在个人的家里举行,在开始吃饭前,要避免(说话)尴尬,客人可以(自己不说)听别人聊。 

Explanation:

1)本句中,词组“under way”表示“ happening or being done”(已经开始或正在进行着)

e.g. A major search is under way to find the escaped prisoners.

大规模搜捕逃犯的行动已经开始。

Consultations are under way. 正在进行磋商。

2)词组“leave something to someone else表示entrust something to another person 把某事留给某人)

e.g. You’d better leave the task to me.

3)本句中,until作为连词,引导一个肯定句,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止一般可译为"…直到为止"在这种用法中主句的谓语动词必须是 持续动词(非瞬间动词) live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue

e.g. Continue in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了 

He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下

until作为连词也可以用于否定句中,此时,表示从句先发生, 主句再发生一般可

译为直到"

e.g. I hadn’t realized she was foreign until she spoke.

她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人

I won't stop shouting until you let me go.

你不放我我就一直喊叫

Paraphrase: If the dinner is in a private home, a guest may avoid embarrassment by listening to other guests before the dinner is served.