Unit 1 Love
In-Class Reading
A Good Heart to Lean On
Sentence Study
1. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. (Lines2, Para.1)
译文 他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保
持平衡，每到这时人们就会盯着我们看。.
“his hand (being) on my arm for balance”为独立主格结构，省略了分词being，做伴随谓
语的状语，修饰谓语“walk together”。
2. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. (Lines2, Para.3)
译文 不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气，他都去上班。
sick是形容词做伴随谓语的状语，修饰谓语went，表示动作发生时的状态。
E.g. Undoubtedly the athlete arrived at the destination almost exhausted.
毫无疑问，运动员到达目的地时已经精疲力尽了。
3. When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. (Line1, Para.5)
译文 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来都惊讶不已。
“how much courage it must have taken···stress是how much引导的动词词组marvel at的宾语从句。
“must have taken”即must have done是对过去发生的事的推测，表示“肯定已经”或“想必是”。
“take courage to do sth.”表示鼓起勇气做某事
4. He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. (Line 1, Para.6)
译文 他从不把自己当作被同情的对象，也从不嫉妒比自己幸运的或更能干的人。
“talk about…as…”表示把……认作是……，相当于think of …as…或者consider…to be…
“an object of pity”受人同情的对象
nor为否定副词，neither或nor引导的句子需要用部分倒装。
E.g. It won't arrive today. Nor tomorrow.
今天到不了. 明天也不会到。
"the more fortunate or able"意为更幸运的或更能干的人，“the+形容词”表示一类人。
E.g. The old are cared well in a home for the poor and aged.
老人在福利院里得到很好的照顾。
5. What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. (Line3, Para.6)
译文 他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的
人对他来说就是一位大好人了。
“What he looked for in others”为what引导的主语从句。
E.g. What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.
没有要我们命的事情让我们更强大。
6. Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely what a “good heart” is. (Line 1, Para.7)
译文 随着年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能确切地
知道什么是一颗“善心”。
“now that”表示既然，由于，引导原因状语从句，相当于since。
E.g. Now that 2012 London Olympic Games has ended, we have to expect the next one – 2016
Rio. 既然2012伦敦奥运会已经结束，我们只好期待下一届– 2016里约热内卢。
by which to judge people是介词(by)+关系代词(which)引导的限制性定语，修饰standard,也可以把介词移到谓语动词之后，并省略which，如：a proper standard to judge people by。
E.g. In coastal areas, fishing is a good choice on which to live.
在沿海地区，钓鱼是一种不错的谋生选择。
7. On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. (Line 1, Para9)
译文 有一件事我至今难忘。一次沙滩聚会上，人们打了起来，每个人都在推推搡搡，拳头你来我往。
“on …occasion”表示在……场合 on numerous occasions 无数次
"with everyone punching and shoving"是with+分词的独立主格结构作为整个句子的伴随状语。
E.g. (1)He lay half dead, with all his ribs broken.
他躺在那儿垂死状，所有的肋骨都断了。
(2)With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to
personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
在现代办公室变得更加呆板的今天，设计者们正在以多一些亲切、少一些严肃的
室内设计来使其具有个性化特点。
8. Introducing me, he was really saying, “this is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.” (Line6, Para.11)
译文 在介绍我的时候，他实际上是在说：“这是我的儿子，但也是我。如果不是因为残疾，我也能做这些。”
“Introducing me"为现在分词短语，表示谓语动作发生的时间。
“I could have done this, too, if things had been different.” 句中could have done和if…had been…为虚拟语气，表示和过去事实相反。
E.g. He could have won the gold medal, if he had been well.
如果他本来身体不错，他可能已经赢得这枚金牌。
Words and Phrases
1. adjust (v.) (Line 5, Para. 2) put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange 调节; 校正; 改变...以适应
~ (sth/oneself) (to sth)
使适合（新环境等）; 适应
adjustable adj 可调节的; 可调整的 adjustment n [C, U] 调节; 调整
辨析：
adjust 指“调整”、“调节”使之适应，名词形式为adjustment。
adapt 指“修改”或“改变”以适应新条件，名词形式为adaptation。
Exercise： 请用adjust 或 adapt 的适当形式完成句子。
(1) 他适应了寒冷的天气。
He _______ himself to the cold weather. (adapted)
(2) 你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后, 你才看得见。
You can’t see through the telescope until it is________ to your eyes. (adjusted)
2. cling (v.) (Line 6, Para. 4) ( clung, clung) 紧紧抓住
【用法】1) cling to sb./sth. 紧紧抓住，依附
2) cling to one’s own view 坚持己见
3) cling to the hope 抱有希望
3. content (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 9) satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 满意的，满足的
n. (1) 所容纳之物; 所含之物; 内容
(2)（书﹑ 文章﹑ 节目﹑ 演说等的）内容
v.使满足
~ oneself with sth 满足或满意於某事物（虽然可能有更高的要求）:
比较：
content adj. 满意的，满足的 （只可作表语） 。
contented adj. 满意的 （可作定语和表语）
Exercise:请用content 或 contented 完成句子。
(1) 他们满足于只和一小群人来往。
They are ________ to socialize with a very small circle of people. (content)
(2) 知足的人满足于现状。
A ____________ person is happy with what he has. (contented)
4. coordinate (v.) (Line 1, Para. 2) 调整; 整理; 协调一致
E.g.1)如果我们同心协力，我们应该能够打赢这场比赛。
If we coordinate our efforts we should be able to win the game.
2)我们如何使这两个计划协调起来呢？
How shall we coordinate these two plans?
名词形式：coordination
5. engage (v.) (Line1, Para. 8) 从事；参与
E.g.1)如果你在当地从政的话，就没有太多时间顾家了。
If you engage in the local politics, you can’t have much time for your family.
2)他决心从事管理工作。
He has the will to engage in management.
6. envy (n. & v.) (Line 2, Para. 6) 嫉妒；羡慕
形容词形式：envious (be envious of)
E.g.1)他非常羡慕朋友的成功。
He was filled with envy at his friend’s success.
2)罗伯特的新工作听上去很好--我妒羡他。
Robert’s new job sounds very nice - / I’m full of envy / I envy him / I’m envious of him.
7. reluctance (n.) (Line2, Para. 12) 不情愿；勉强
形容词形式：reluctant (be reluctant to do sth.)
E.g.1) 他表示很不愿意答覆。
He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.
2) 我不太愿意告诉她这个消息 。
I feel a certain reluctance to tell her the news.
8. severely (adv.) (Line 2, Para. 1) very badly or to a great degree 严重地
severe adj. 严重的，严厉的，严肃的，正经的
［同］very badly ［反］ mildly
seriously genially
critically
E.g. (1) She grew up in a home where the children were often severely punished.
她成长于孩子经常受到严厉惩罚的家庭。
(2)The two building was severely damaged in the bombing.
这两幢楼在此次爆炸中严重受损。
9. unworthy (adj.) (Line5, Para. 12) 不值得的，不配得到的，无价值的
【用法】1) an unworthy person不足道的人，卑鄙的人
2) unworthy conduct 可耻的行为
3)(be) unworthy of 不配的，与······不相称的
4)be unworthy of rememberance/to be remembered/remembering不值得纪念的
构词法 词根是worthy(adj.)“值得的”，加上前缀un-表示否定意义。
相关词汇 unaided adj. 没有帮助的
uncertain adj. 不确定的
unrecorded adj. 未记录下来的
同（近）义词 undeserving
worthless
反义词 worthy (of)
10. lean on (v.) (title) 依靠
E.g. 1)不要老是依赖别人的帮助。
Don’t always lean on others for help.
2)你累的时候有我可以依靠。
You can lean on me if you get tired.
11. now that (conj.) (Line 1, Para. 7) 既然
E.g.1) 既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你的父母。
Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
2) 既然恢复了健康, 他就可以继续学习英语。
Now that he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
12. see to it that… (v.) (Line5, Para. 11) 确保；务必要 （注意：从句中不用进行时态和将来时态)
E.g.1) 确保别摔着了。
See to (it that) you don’t fall.
2) 确保明天早上准时到达。
See to (it that) you are here punctually tomorrow morning.
13. subject…to… (v.) (Line 3, Para. 5) 使承受；使遭受
E.g.1)那张病床上的病人受了感染。
The patients on that ward were subjected to infection.
2)野营者们遭受了极恶劣的天气。
The campers were subjected to extreme weather.
After-Class Reading A Kiss for Kate
Sentence Study
1. Two young lovers smiling through the passing seasons. (Line 9, Para. 1)
译文 两个年轻的恋人穿越时间隧道灿烂地笑着。
本句是上一句“Kate pretty, dark-haired, laughing”的独立主格结构，而非完整的句子，都是形容照片上的内容。
“smile through”表示微笑着度过/经历……
E.g. smile through the rain笑经风雨
2. Kate and Chris were always together — in the dining room, the lounge, strolling around the big porches and lawns, always holding hands. (Line 1, Para. 3)
译文 凯特和克里斯总是在一起，无论在餐厅、休息厅，还是沿着长廊和草坪漫步，他们总是手牵手。
the lounge前面省略了介词in 。
“strolling around the big porches and lawns”和“always holding hands”是现在分词作伴随谓语的状语，表示两人在一起时的状态。
下文中关于现在分词作状语的例句：
She sat in her chair, motionless, hands in her lap, staring. (Line2, Para. 13)
她坐在椅子上，一动不动，手放在膝上，目光呆滞。
Often, as I went past her room, I would observe Kate sitting in her chair, scrapbooks on her lap, gazing sadly at pictures of Chris. (Line 4, Para. 19)
常常，当我走过凯特的房间，我会发现她坐在椅子上，腿上放着剪贴簿，悲伤地注视着克里斯的相片。
Passing her room an hour after she had been tucked in, I’d find her wide awake, staring at the ceiling. (Line 6, Para. 20)
在照顾她盖好被子躺下一个小时之后，我经过她的房间，总会发现她还没睡，凝视着天花板。
3. How would Kate function if Chris were to die first? (Line 1, Para. 4)
译文 如果克里斯先去世，凯特会怎么过？
were to用在非真实条件句中表示对将来情况的虚拟，例如：
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 假如他来这里，他就会告诉我们关于它的情况。
4. At the word “Chris”, her eyes came back to life. (Line 1, Para. 16)
译文 一听到“克里斯”这个名字，她的眼睛重现生机。
at the word 一听到
at the sound 一听到
at the sight 一看到
at the thought 一想到
5. Then one night as I walked into her room, only to find the same wide-awake Kate, I said
impulsively, “Kate, could it be you miss your good-night kiss?” (Line1, Para. 22)
译文 一天晚上，我走进她的房间，看见她还是那样毫无睡意，我忍不住说：“凯特，会不会是因为没人亲吻你道晚安？”
“only to”引导的不定式在句中作结果状语，表示意外而令人不快的结果，常译为“却……”。
E.g. He ran to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.
他跑到飞机场结果却发现飞机已经起飞了。
Could it be…?表示“是不是……?” “会不会……?”后面省略了that。
6. Then her voice, small with age but still melodious, lifted softly in song: (Line 2, Para. 31)
译文 然后她轻轻地提起嗓子唱了起来，她的嗓音虽然因年老而细弱，却依然优美：
“small with age but still melodious”形容词短语后置修饰her voice。
“with +时间或其它名词”表示“随着……（变化而变化）”
E.g. (1) He has a mild disposition with age. 随着年龄增长，他脾气越来越好。
(2) He did not seem to ripen with the years. 随着年龄的增长，他看起来并没有变老练。
Words and Phrases
1. await (vt.) (Line 4, Para. 5) 等候 用法： await = wait for
E.g. 1)死神在等着我们所有的人。
Death awaits us all.
2)我们早早起身,看见早餐已准备好等我们。
We got up early and found breakfast awaiting us.
2. devotion (n.) (Line 8, Para. 3) 忠诚；奉献
动词形式：devote (devote to doing sth.) 致力于；献身于
E.g. 1) 把过多的时间用于体育运动就使学习的时间太少了。
The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.
2) 退休后,他将要致力于园艺。
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
3. deprive (v.) (Line 7, Para. 6) 剥夺, 使丧失
用法：deprive sb. of sth.
E.g. 1)由于战争，他们失去了一个正常的童年时代。
They were deprived of a normal childhood by the war.
2)疾病使得我未能和你欢聚。
Sickness deprived me of the pleasure of meeting you.
4. function (vi.& n.) (Line 1, Para. 4) 运行；发挥作用
E.g. 1)那台旧机器如果不经常加油是不能正常运转的。
The old machine won’t function properly if you don’t oil it regularly.
2)主席的职责是引导并控制会议。
The function of a chairman is to lead and control meetings
5. shift (v.& n.) (Line 1, Para. 14) 转变；转移；改变（位置、方向、性格等）
E.g. 1)风转向南吹。
The wind shifted to the south.
2)风向变了。
There has been a shift in the wind.
6. deprive...of... (Line 7, Para. 6) 剥夺
E.g. They were deprived of a normal childhood by the war.
由于战争，他们失去了一个正常的童年时代。
7. turn up (Line 1, Para. 27) 向上翘，使翻起；出现；开大，调高
E.g. None of us expected the chairman to turn up at the party. We thought he was still in
hospital.
我们谁也没有想到主席会参加晚会，我们都以为他还在住院。
有关turn的短语:
turn down 拒绝接受；调低音量等
turn out 生产，制造；驱逐；关掉；结果是
turn to 变成；求助于
