Objective (教学目标)

 the definition, characteristics and types of agency

 the definition, nature and function of international freight forwarder

 the business scope and content of international freight forwarder

 the definition and nature of international tally.

 the category and principle of tally.

 the services provided by tallying company and the certificates needed in tallying.

Vocabulary and Terminology

freight forwarder 货运代理 forward

fiduciary relationship [fɪ'djuːʃ(ə)rɪ] 信托关系

agent 代理人

principal 被代理人（主要的、大学校长） principle

entrusted agent 委托代理 trust

statutory agent [‘stætjʊt(ə)rɪ] 法定代理 status

appointed agent 指定代理 appoint, appointment

exclusive agent 独家代理 inclusive

contracting carrier 缔约承运人 contract

notice of demurrage [dɪ'mʌrɪdʒ] 滞期通知

notice of dispatch 速遣通知

multimodal transport operator 多式联运经纪人

stoppage in transit 中途停运 stop

international tally 国际理货

ocean shipping tally 外轮理货

entrusted tally 委托性理货

compulsory tally 强制性理货

over-landed/short-landed cargo list 货物溢短单

tally sheet 计数单

container load plan 装箱单

stowage plan 货物积载图 [ˈstəʊɪdʒ]

container stowage plan 集装箱积载图

consolidated cargo 混装货物 consolidate

general cargo 件杂货 bulk cargo

application for tally 理货委托书 apply

on-the-spot record 现场记录

daily report 日报单

mixed stowage 混票

separation of stowage 隔票

original damage 原残

stand-by time record 待时记录

damaged cargo list 货物残损单

cargo hatch list 货物分舱单

discharge report in separate ports 分港卸货单

tally certificate 理货证明书

certificate of summary on tally 理货结果汇总证明

tally sheet for containers 集装箱理箱单

outturn list for containers 集装箱溢短/ 残损单

tally sheet for stuffing/ devanning 装/ 拆箱理货单

outturn list for containerized cargo 集装箱货物溢短/ 残损单

record of container sealing/ seal examining 集装箱验封/ 施封记录

notice of payment 认赔通知单

note on payment 付款单

list of lading/ unloading lash lighters 载驳船装/卸驳船清单

list of cargo measurement 货物丈量单

rechecking list 复查单 check

correction list 更正单 correct

list of marks assorting 分标志单 sort

cargo tracer 查询单 trace, track

Main contents

1. Introduction of Agency

2. International Freight Forwarding Agency

11.1.1 Agency

(1) Definition of Agency 代理的定义

• The general concept of agency is a fiduciary relationship between two parties, in which one (the agent) is under the control of (is obligated to) the other (the principal). 广义代理

• The agent is authorized by the principal to perform certain acts, for and on behalf of the principal. 

• This general concept of agent was adopted by Anglo-American law system. 英美法系

• General concept of agency includes indirect agency and direct agency. 直接代理和间接代理

• Indirect agency (直接代理) means that the agent performs civil juristic acts in his own name.

• Direct agency (间接代理) involves the agent performing civil juristic acts in the principal's name within the scope of the power of agency.

• Narrow concept of agency refers to direct agency, which is accepted by countries of civil law system such as Germany, Japan, and China.

狭义的代理仅指直接代理。我国代理指狭义代理

(1) 代理的定义

广义的代理：广义的代理是双方之间的信托关系，指一方（代理人）受制于另一方（委托人）或对另一方负责。代理人经委托人授权，代表委托人实施某种行为，而这种行为的法律后果直接由委托人承担。这种广义的代理概念为英美法系所采纳。

 广义的代理又包括两种：直接代理和间接代理。间接代理，即代理人以自己的名义，代替被代理人实施民事法律行为，而其法律后果间接地由被代理人承担。直接代理指代理人以被代理人的名义，代替被代理人实施民事法律行为，其法律后果直接地由被代理人承担。

 狭义的代理仅指直接代理而不包括间接代理。这一种概念为德国、日本、中国等大陆法系的国家所采纳。

(2) Characteristics of Agency

1) The agent must act in the name of the principal. 代理人必须以被代理人的名义进行活动

2) The agent must act within the scope of power of agency. 代理人必须在代理权限内活动

3) The act by the agent must be of legal significance. 代理人进行具有法律意义的活动

4) The legal consequence of agent’s act is upon the principal. 代理人代理行为的法律后果归属于被代理人

(3) Types of Agency

1) Entrusted agency: the agent acting upon the delegation of the principal.

委托代理：代理人根据被代理人的委托而进行代理活动，称为委托代理。

2) Statutory agency: the agent acting according to the law and regulations. 

法定代理：是指代理人根据法律的直接规定进行代理活动。

3) Appointed agency:  the agent acting according to the appointment from law court or related entities.

指定代理：是指代理人根据法院或其他有关单位的指定进行代理活动。

• 运输代理(货运代理)属于委托代理的范畴

11.1.2 International Freight Forwarding Agency

(1) Freight Forwarder-definition 定义

• It is also known as a non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC)

• It is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to deliver goods from the manufacturer to final point of distribution.

也叫无船承运人。为个体或公司组织运输，将货物从制造商运往最终分销地。本身不对货物进行运输，而是在物流中起到专家的作用

(2) Nature of International Freight Forwarding Agency 国际货代的性质

(1) the Nature of International Freight Forwarder: the agent of interested parties in cargo transport.

联系发货人、收货人和承运人的货物运输中介人

2) The Nature of International Freight Forwarding Business: belongs to tertiary industry; it is of service industry in nature. 属于第三产业、服务业

(3) Function of International Freight Forwarder 国际货代的功能

1) Coordinating and organizing. 组织协调作用

2) Providing specialized service. 专业服务作用

3) Controlling communication. 沟通控制作用

4) Consulting. 咨询顾问作用

5) Reducing cost. 降低成本作用

6) Fund financing. 资金融通作用