Objective (教学目标)

 meaning of insurable risk and insurable interest.

 function of international logistics insurance. 

 scope of insurance and insurance coverages under ocean cargo insurance. 险种

 insurance coverages under other transport mode

 general procedure of insurance arrangement.

 tactics of international cargo insurance.

Key Points and Difficult  Points

Key Points（重点）:

• Insurable risk and insurable interest.

• Scope of insurance and insurance coverages for ocean transport cargo insurance. 

Difficult  Points（难点）:

• Type and meaning of maritime loss and charges.

Vocabulary and Terminology

insurable risk 可保风险

insurable interest 可保利益

coverage 险种 cover

the insurer 保险人 insurance, insure

the insured 被保险人

the applicant 投保人 applicant, candidate

beneficiary 受益人 benefit

perils of the sea 海上风险

Vocabulary and Terminology

total loss 全损

actual total loss 实际全损

constructive total loss 推断全损 construction

General Average 共同海损

Particular Average 单独海损

G.A. Contribution 共同海损分担 great, contribute

maritime charge 海上费用 marine

sue and labor charges 施救费用

salvage charges 救助费用 salvation

Free from Particular Average (FPA) 平安险

With Particular Average (WA/WPA) 水渍险

All Risks 一切险

port of call 停靠港 EMP

policy 保单

Overland Transportation Risks 陆运险

Overland Transportation All Risks 陆运一切险

premium 保费 prime, premier

insured markon percentage 保险加成率

Letter of Subrogation 权益转让书

claim 索赔

Main contents

1. Development of International Insurance

2. Insurable Risk and Insurable Interest

3. Function of International Logistics Insurance

10.1.1 Development of International Insurance

 It is a new mechanism, which combines, diversifies, and shifts risk by scientific calculation in global scope.

 在全球范围内，通过科学测算，起到组合、分散、转嫁风险的机制。

• 同时承担保险合作、损失分担的义务

• 国际保险的发展伴随着相关产业及保险业内部的成长而发展

• 国际保险为国际投资、国际贸易、国际航运、国际信用提供长期稳定的服务

• 国际保险和国际贸易运输有不可分割的密切关系

10.1.2 Insurable Risk and Insurable Interest

 Definition of Insurance

• Insurance is a compensatory contract behavior, i.e. the insurer is responsible for indemnifying the insured against future loss within the insurance coverage, at the price of premium paid by the insured.

• 保险是一种补偿性的契约行为。被保险人向保险人提供保险费，保险人对被保险人将来可能遭受的承保范围内的损失负责赔偿责任。

 In international logistics, cargo is subject to various risks and losses, insurance companies are not to insure all the risks.

 Therefore, the risk and loss in international logistics insurance have specified meaning.

Risk 风险

• It is threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities.

• There are pure risk and speculative risk.

• 由于外部或内部的不确定性而导致的损坏、伤害、责任、损失或其他负面结果发生的威胁

• 风险分为纯粹风险和投机风险两类。

Category of risk

 Pure risk is a category of risk in which loss is the only possible outcome; there is no beneficial result. 

 Speculative risk could lead to loss or benefit. 

It induces some people to take possible risk of loss in expectation for possible financial gains.

纯粹风险是指只有损失可能而无获利机会的风险。投机风险既可能遭受损失,也可能产生收益。

Insurable risk is the risk acceptable to insurer. 

1) The insurer must be able to charge a premium high enough to cover expenses.

2) The nature of the loss must be definite and financially measurable. 

3) The loss should be random in nature.

第一，保险人需能收取高额保费以弥补索赔费用及开支

第二，偿付必须确定并且可衡量

第三，损失需是随机的

 Insurable interest is true, valid, determinable, and direct economic stake of an insurance policy holder in the continued existence or safety of the insured property or person. 

 保单持有人在被保险财产或被保险人持续存在或安全的情况下而拥有的真实、有效 、可确定的 直接经济利益。

 An insurable interest means the policy holder (or the beneficiary) must stand to suffer a direct financial loss if the event does occur.

 可保利益意味着保单持有人（或受益人）在意外事件发生时要蒙受直接财物损失。

10.1.3 The Function of International Logistics Insurance

(1) Beneficial to Smooth Operation 

有利于企业正常运行

(2) Helpful to International Logistics and Trade Promotion 

有利于国际物流和贸易展开

(3) Beneficial to Foreign Currency Increase 为国家创造外汇收入

(4) Helpful to Calamities and Loss Prevention 有利于防灾防损工作展开