5.2.1 Shipping Services

 (1) Liner/Regular Shipping Liner 班轮运输

it is a vessel with regular sailing and arrival on a stated schedule. 

The main features of liners include: 

① fixed route, ports, schedule of sailing and comparatively fixed freight.

② The ship-owner usually leases part of shipping space instead of the whole ship.

③ The carrier is responsible for loading and unloading operations.

④ The B/L drawn by the shipping company. The rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are based on the B/L.

(2) Shipping by Chartering 租船运输

⦁ also called tramp. 

⦁ no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing. 

⦁ It is seeking ports where there is a demand for shipping space. 

⦁ The shipper charters the ship from the ship-owner to carry goods.

There are 3 kinds of charters: 

(1) Voyage charter 定程租船 

(2) Time Charter 定期租船 

(3) Demise charter 光船租船 

(4) Charter party 租船合同 

5.2.2 Freight Liners

The basic standards for calculating liner freight（班轮计费标准）: 

1. 按货物毛重计收，在运价表内用“W”表示。

2. 按货物体积或尺码吨计收，在运价表内用“M”表示。

3. 按商品的价格计收，称为从价运费，用“A.V.” (“Ad Val”) 表示。

4. 按货物的毛重或体积，由船公司选择其中收费高的一种计收运费，在运价表内用W/M表示。

5. 选择按货物毛重或体积或从价值三种中最高的一种计收运费，在运价表内用“W/M. or A.V.”表示。 

6. 按照货物的毛重或体积，再加上货物价值的一定百分比，在运价表内用 “W/M. plus A.V.”表示

7. 按货物的件数计收。如卡车每辆，活牲畜按每头加厚，起码运费按每份提单计收。

8.按照船主与托运人之间临时签订的协议计收运费。

5.2.3 The way to calculate the freight

⦁ First translate the English name of the commodity, find out the freight standard of calculating or the freight grade.

⦁ Find out the basic freight rate in the route freight tariff  then the relative surcharges.

⦁ The basic freight rate plus various additional surcharges is the freight per freight ton.

商品运费总额=基本费X（1+∑附加费率）+∑附加费额X总运费吨

5.2.4 Charter Party

⦁ It is a contract concluded between the ship-owner and the charterer. 

⦁ It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties. 

   Freight of chartering

stipulated in the charter party as follows:

⦁ Freight can be paid in advance 运费预付

⦁ Freight can be paid after the goods have arrived 货到目的港再付运费

⦁ Part of freight is paid in advance, the rest of which is paid after the goods have arrived 已付部分运费，余下到目的港再付

 (在租船人付清运费之前，船主有权拒绝装运货物，叫留置权）

四种装卸规定方法：

⦁ The ship-owner bears gross term

 (船方负责装货费和卸货费）

⦁ The ship-owner is free in ( F.I.) 

(船方管卸不管装）

⦁ The ship-owner is free out ( F.O.) 

(船方管装不管卸）

⦁ The ship-owner is free in and out 

( F.I.O.) (船方不管装卸)

装卸时限的规定：

   a. fixed days  在一定天数内装完

   b. Efficiency of loading and unloading 

规定装卸速度

   c. Customary quick dispatch. 

按惯常的速度装卸

Demurrage 滞期费

Dispatch money 速遣费

5.2.5 Shipping Documents

The documents commonly used are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifest, shipping notes, delivery orders, and mate's receipts. 

海上货物运输常用的单证包括提单、海运单、舱单、托运单、装船单、提货单和大副收据。

⦁ 提单本身不是运输合同，因为它只是由承运人签署的。

⦁ 海运单替代了传统的海洋提单/海运提单。海运单是一种不可流通的单证。

⦁ 货物舱单提供已装船货物的信息。货物舱单提供了运费、附加费、折扣等的信息。

⦁ 托运单是托运人签发给承运人要求分配舱位的单证。托运单是托运人委托运输货物，作为准备提单的基础。

⦁ 装船单是指接受了托运人提出装运申请的船公司，签发给托运人确认舱位

⦁ 提货单是由承运人或其代理签发给收货人或其代理，使后者能够从船上提货。

⦁ 大副收据是由承运人签发，是对货物装船的确认，以后可用大副收据换取提单。