Main  contents:

 Significance of Packing

 Basic Requirement on Goods Packing

 Types of Packing

 Marks on Packing

 Neutral Packing and Designated Brand Packing

 Green Packing

4.4.1 Significance of Packing

 The packing has the function of protecting quality and quantity of goods in circulation. 保护商品在流通过程中品质

 Well packaged goods in themselves attract customers and sell  吸引顾客

 The packing to some extent reflects production, technology and culture level of a country. 反映生产水平、科学技术和文化艺术水平

 connect packing with storage, handling and transport of goods and make comprehensive planning to satisfy the requirement. 

 packing should take consideration of convenient storage and speedy transport in order to reduce logistics cost.  

4.4.2 Basic Requirement

(1) Scientificity, Firmness, and Security 科学、牢固、安全

in order to safeguard the quality and quantity of goods. 

(2) Foreign market and specification satisfaction 适合国外市场的需要和规定

The material and design of packing should conform to sale and consumption habit in foreign market and abide by regulations on packing and decoration by import.

(3) Labor, material and freight saving 省工、省料、省运费

consider the saving of material and reduction of logistics cost and freight.

4.4.3 Types of Packing

(1) Transport packing: also called outer packing

• used for purpose of goods quality and quantity protection and convenient transport. 运输包装

(2) Sales packing: Also called small packing or inner packing

• sales packing faces consumers in commodity retail. 销售包装

1) Single piece packing: goods being put into a smaller vessel by piece or pieces according to their forms and characteristics. 单件运输包装

2) Collective packing：the collection of some single pieces into a bigger package or vessel. 集合运输包装 

    ① Container

    ② Flexible Container

    ③ Pallet

 sales packing faces consumers in commodity retail. Except decoration and literal statement, bar code is also printed on sales packing. 

 In April, 1991, China joined EAN International who assigned 690, 691 and 692 as our country code.  

4.4.4 Marks on Packing

  (1) Shipping Mark: made up of a simple geometric figure, together with some letters, numbers, and simple words. 运输标志

  (2) Indicative Mark: used to propose some requests on handling and storage of fragile. 指示性标志

  (3) Warning Mark: used to strengthen security measures in the transport, storage and handling of hazardous goods. 警告性标志

 To unify and simplify shipping marks, UNECE Working Party on Facilitation of International Trade Procedures, with the support of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Cargo Handling Coordination Association （ICHCA）

 formulated and recommended a set of standard shipping marks. The marks include: abbreviated name of consignee or the buyer in English, destination, number of reference (e.g. number of order and invoice), and number of pieces.

 鉴于运输标志的内容、繁简不一，联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组，在国际标准化组织和国际装卸协调协会的支持下，制定了一套标准的运输标志向各国推荐使用，它由4行组成，每行不得超过17个英文字码。该运输标志包括收货人或买方的英文缩写字母或简称；目的港（地）；参考号，如合同号（订单号或发票号等）；件号。例如:

 SMCO--收货人

 NEW YORK--目的港(地)

 S/C NO:345789--合同号(或订单号,发票号等)

 NO.2-100--批件号

4.4.5 Neutral Packing and Designated Brand Packing中性包装和定牌包装

(1) Neutral Packing: 

a packing without country or place of origin or name of producer printed on the commodity or its exterior/interior packing, not even brand, trademark or any letters. 

 The usage of neutral packing becomes a regular practice in international trade to break through tariff barrier, quota restriction, and other discriminative import limitation measures adopted by some countries or regions.  

(2) Designated Brand Packing

   Designated brand packing involves seller printing brand or trademark designated by the buyer on the commodity or its packing upon request of the buyer. 

 In China, exporters can accept printing trademarks designated by the buyer for long-term stable purchasing order.    

（1）中性包装

   中性包装是指在商品上和内外包装上不注明生产国别、地名和生产厂商的名称，也不注明商标或牌号，甚至没有任何文字的包装。

（2）定牌包装

   定牌包装是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或牌号。 

4.4.6 Green Packing 绿色包装

 With the increasing resource scarcity and deteriorate environment pollution, environment protection becomes a new international issue. 

 Some countries use packing as one of their non-tariff barriers out of their support of environment protection or their own economic benefit. 

 Since 1980’s, industrialized countries began to follow principles of 3R, meaning Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which was strengthened in 1990’s by the addition of 1D, meaning Degradable. 

 In 1990s, China introduced Green Packing, which is in accordance with the principle of 3R