课程门户-章节详情

基础英语（一）

郭平

1 第一单元
- 1.1 新生开学寄语
- 1.2 学情测验
- 1.3 Unit 1 Warm-up
- 1.4 Unit 1 Background
- 1.5 Unit 1 Topics
- 1.6 Unit 1 Author
- 1.7 Unit 1 Text Analysis
- 1.8 Unit1Text Appreciation
2 第二单元
- 2.1 Unit 2 Warm-up
- 2.2 Unit 2 Background
- 2.3 Unit 2 Topics
- 2.4 Unit 2Text Analysis
- 2.5 Unit 2 Text Appreciation 1
- 2.6 Unit 2 Text Appreciation 2
- 2.7 Test and Writing Practice
- 2.8 四级真题测试1
3 第三单元
- 3.1 Unit 3 Warm-up
- 3.2 Unit3 Background
- 3.3 Unit 3Topics
- 3.4 Unit 3Text Analysis
- 3.5 Unit 3 Text Appreciation 1
- 3.6 Unit 3 Text Appreciation 2
- 3.7 Review
- 3.8 Unit3 Text Appreciation 3
4 第四单元
- 4.1 Warm-up Qs of Unit 4
- 4.2 Unit 4 Background
- 4.3 Unit 4 Cultural Tips
- 4.4 Unit 4 Text Analysis
- 4.5 Unit 4 Text Appreciation
- 4.6 口语技巧
- 4.7 四级真题测试2
5 第五单元
- 5.1 Unit 5 Warm-up Questions
- 5.2 Unit 5 Background
- 5.3 Unit 5Text Analysis
- 5.4 Unit 5 Text Appreciation I
- 5.5 Unit 5 Text Appreciation II
- 5.6 Reinforcement
- 5.7 Review
6 第六单元
- 6.1 Unit 6 Warm-up Questions
- 6.2 Unit 6 Background
- 6.3 Unit 6 Text Analysis
- 6.4 Unit 6 Text Appreciation I
- 6.5 Unit 6 Text Appreciation II
- 6.6 四级真题测试3
7 第八单元
- 7.1 Unit 8 Warm-up Questions
- 7.2 Unit 8 Background
- 7.3 Unit 8 Text Analysis
- 7.4 Unit 8 Text Appreciation I
- 7.5 Unit 8Text Appreciation II
- 7.6 四级真题测试4
8 第九单元
- 8.1 Unit 9 Warm- up Questions
- 8.2 Unit 9 Background
- 8.3 Unit 9 Text Analysis
- 8.4 Unit9 Text Appreciation I
- 8.5 Unit 9 Text Appreciation II
- 8.6 Unit 9 Review
9 第十单元
- 9.1 Warm-up Questions
- 9.2 Unit 10 Background
- 9.3 Unit 10 Text Analysis
- 9.4 Unit 10 Text Appreciation I
- 9.5 Unit 10 Text Appreciation II
- 9.6 Review

Test and Writing Practice

1 你来描述我来猜
2 学术前沿
3 比赛
4 时事热点
5 中华文化思想术语

单词听写

2. Writing

Write a paragraph of about 150 words on either of the following topics. Use the answers to the questions as an outline.

Topic 1: What do you think is the land's secret message the farmer wants to pass on to his grandchildren?

Topic 2: What fine qualities do you find in the farmer and his wife?

“学衡尔雅文库”系列讲座

“学衡尔雅文库” · 第三讲

Science之成为“科学”

进入会议室，请备注：“姓名-学校-身份（教师、博士生、硕士生或本科生）”，关闭话筒，关闭摄像头。

时间： 2020年11月13日 19:00

地点：腾讯会议室 776198783

bilibili直播 22414927

主题： 科学

主讲人： 沈国威 教授

日本关西大学外国语学部

主持人： 李里峰 教授

南京大学学衡研究院

讲座简介

第三讲：

19世纪中叶以后，西方science的概念传入东亚。Science的出现强烈地冲击着东方传统的学术体系。中国和日本等“颇识工艺，有法有书，惟于有用之艺多所未达”（理雅各：《智环启蒙塾课》，1857）的文明半开之国，都面临着什么是science，怎样容受science的问题。这一问题在当时至少包括以下三个方面：（1）怎样把握作为学术体系的science？（2）怎样理解作为方法的science？（3）怎样用各自的语言表述science，及以其为中心的一系列概念？本次讲座聚焦science如何在日本被赋予“科学”这一词语形式，并演变成为包括中国在内的东亚的时代关键词这一问题；同时，以严复为切入口，讨论科学概念的形成、流变以及对中国社会的影响。

主讲人

沈国威，日本关西大学外国语学部教授，著有《新语往还：中日近代语言交涉史》（社会科学文献出版社，2020年）、《汉语近代二字词研究：语言接触与汉语的近代演化》（华东师范大学出版社，2019年）、《一名之立旬月踟蹰：严复译词研究》（社会科学文献出版社，2019年）、《严复与科学》（凤凰出版社，2017年）等。

主持人

	李里峰，南京大学学衡研究院教授，著有《土地改革与华北乡村权力变迁：一项政治史的考察》（江苏人民出版社，2018年）、《中国政治的历史向度》（南京大学出版社，2018年）、《革命政党与乡村社会：抗战时期中国共产党的组织形态研究》（江苏人民出版社，2011年）。

讲座形式

应广大师友对“学衡尔雅文库”系列讲座的热情关注，我们决定在征得主讲人同意的前提下，公开本次讲座腾讯会议号 776198783 ，bilibili直播 22414927。

为保证主讲人的权益及考虑到参会人数的相关限制，请各位参与腾讯会议的听众以“姓名-学校-身份（教师、博士生、硕士生或本科生）”的格式修改自己的信息，同时请勿录屏传播，我们会在会议开始前对不符合格式的人员进行清退。

Biden's long and painful path

to Democratic presidential nomination

LISA DESJARDINS: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the first child in a vivacious, tight-knit Catholic family.

JOSEPH BIDEN (D), Presidential Candidate: "Every single person, my dad used to say, no matter who they are, Joe," is entitled to be treated with dignity, a word I think that is probably used more here in Scranton, at least in my experience, than anywhere else.

LISA DESJARDINS: Soon, tough times.

His dad's business failed, and he ultimately moved the family to Delaware for a job.

Tony Allen, president of Delaware State University, was a speechwriter for Biden in the '90s.

TONY ALLEN, President, Delaware State University: He tells the story of his father losing his job, and the family having to move to Wilmington.

JOSEPH BIDEN: My dad, who fell on hard times, always told me, though: "Champ, when you get knocked down, get up.Get up."

LISA DESJARDINS: In high school, Biden thrived as an athlete, but classmates called him Dash for his stutter.

Author Steven Levingston: STEVEN LEVINGSTON, Author, "Barack and Joe": He was subjected to a lot of bullying.

And he didn't want that to define him.

So, he worked really hard, staring in the mirror, and working his lips, and trying to make sure that he could speak.

LISA DESJARDINS: He stayed in Delaware for college, and, on a spring break trip, he met aspiring teacher Neilia Hunter.

They married two years later.

Biden got a law degree, and almost immediately jumped into local politics in the state's largest county.

TONY ALLEN: Joe Biden started his political career as a New Castle County councilman.

LISA DESJARDINS: The 20-something councilman soon had three small children.

He also had growing ambition.

And, in 1972, Biden ran for U.S.

Senate, an utter longshot.

SAM DONALDSON, ABC News: Let's take a look now at some of the very close Senate races.

Delaware is the first state, J.

Caleb Boggs, who is the incumbent Republican, being challenged by Joseph Biden.

LISA DESJARDINS: By just 3,000 votes, in the end, he won.

Biden was an instant national headline.

MEN AND WOMEN (singing): Happy birthday to you! LISA DESJARDINS: Days after the election, he turned 30, and celebrated with his wife.

But one month after that, tragedy -- a car crash took the lives of wife Neilia and their 1-year-old daughter, Naomi.

Their sons Hunter and Beau were injured.

And Biden, who initially considered resigning, was sworn into the Senate from beside Beau's hospital bed.

MAN: So help you God.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I do.

MAN: Congratulations, Senator.

JOSEPH BIDEN: Thank you.

If, in six months or so, there's a conflict between my being a good father and being a good senator, which I hope will not occur, we can always get another senator, but they can't get another father.

NINA TOTENBERG, NPR: Terrible tragedy.

LISA DESJARDINS: Nina Totenberg is the justice correspondent for National Public Radio.

NINA TOTENBERG: I have a dim recollection of him being sort of a zombie for a little while, just sort of walking through the steps that you take to survive.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden commuted on Amtrak some four hours a day to be home with his kids at night.

NINA TOTENBERG: Joe Biden was a complete newbie.

He was close to college age.

And the people who really had power in the Senate in those days were the Dixiecrats, the old bulls.

And he quickly discovered, I think, that if you wanted to get anything done, you had to go through them, and he was very effective at it.

LISA DESJARDINS: Things started moving quickly.

In 1975, Biden was placed on the powerful Foreign Relations Committee and, a few years later, on the Judiciary Committee.

He met teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs.

And, despite some proposal rejections, they married two years later, with the blessing of young Hunter and Beau.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I'm ashamed of the lack of moral backbone to this policy! LISA DESJARDINS: Still commuting to Washington by train, in the 1980s, Biden's life and profile grew.

Daughter Ashley was born.

And 1987 marked his first campaign for president.

JOSEPH BIDEN: It is the obligation of this generation to care for and protect the future of our children.

LISA DESJARDINS: Almost immediately, Biden ran into trouble.

He had taken to quoting a British Labor Party leader in his speeches.

But at an August debate in Iowa, Biden did not attribute the following quote: JOSEPH BIDEN: Why is it that Joe Biden is the first in his family ever to go to a university? Why is it that my wife, who is sitting out there in the audience, is the first in her family to ever go to college? LISA DESJARDINS: Back on Capitol Hill, Biden faced questions about the alleged plagiarism.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I saw that, and it was a connect.

I mean, I could tell how that man felt.

LISA DESJARDINS: Within one week, he would drop out of the race, just as he faced another test.

JOSEPH BIDEN: There will be other opportunities for me to campaign for president.

But there will not be many other opportunities for me to influence President Reagan's choice on the Supreme Court.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden, now chairman of the Judiciary Committee, oversaw the confirmation hearing of Judge Robert H.

Bork to the Supreme Court.

It was sharp from the beginning.

NINA TOTENBERG: Having watched the Senate Judiciary Committee over the years, this is the one time where senators who were on offense actually were prepared.

They asked good questions.

They knew a lot about Bork.

And Joe Biden led the charge.

LISA DESJARDINS: Bork failed his confirmation vote.

SEN.

HARRY REID (D-NV): The nomination is not confirmed.

LISA DESJARDINS: Just a few months later, in 1988, a health crisis.

Biden suffered two life-threatening aneurysms.

A full seven months of recovery later, he returned to the Senate floor.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I will not forget the sentiments expressed, the support given.

It means a lot.

Thank you very much.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden got back to work, and, as the '90s opened, a new test, the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court.

GEORGE H.W.BUSH, Former President of the United States: Clarence Thomas, seasoned now by more experience on the bench, fits my description of the best man at the right time.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden was still Judiciary chairman.

The committee learned about charges of sexual harassment against Thomas from his former assistant Anita Hill.

JOSEPH BIDEN: Do you swear to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God? ANITA HILL, Former Assistant to Clarence Thomas: I do.

LISA DESJARDINS: Other women came forward to testify, but Biden agreed with Republicans to limit the testimony to Hill alone.

The televised hearings gripped the nation.

ANITA HILL: His conversations were very vivid.

He spoke about acts that he had seen and pornographic films involving such matters as women having sex with animals and films showing group sex or rape scenes.

LISA DESJARDINS: It would all make a searing impression on some women watching, like Aimee Allison, the founder of the pro-women group She the People.

AIMEE ALLISON, Founder, She the People: I was an undergraduate, and I went to the common room in our dorm to watch the hearings.

I saw the way that she was being treated by the white men on the Senate Judiciary Committee, both Democrat and Republican.

Joe Biden was among them.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden stressed he would run a fair hearing.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I have not made my judgment, based upon this proceeding, because we have not heard all the evidence.

LISA DESJARDINS: But his handling of it, and the fact that other corroborating witnesses were never called, has raised sharp scrutiny.

NINA TOTENBERG: Just as the Republicans were really unprepared for the Bork hearings, the Democrats were unprepared for the fury and the determination of the Republicans, and that they would use any tactic to destroy the main witness against Thomas.

Biden thought: My job to be fair.

But his fairness, in the end, was in many ways unfair to Anita Hill.

JOSEPH BIDEN: This entire proceeding is ended.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden spoke about the hearings last year.

JOSEPH BIDEN: As the committee chairman, I take responsibility that she did not get treated well.

I take responsibility for that.

LISA DESJARDINS: Later, Biden used the Judiciary chairmanship for big policy pushes, including, in 1994, the Violence Against Women Act, which created a national strategy for combating and prosecuting domestic abuse and sexual violence against women.

He also led on a more controversial bill that was attached, the 1994 crime bill that imposed longer sentences for drug crimes and other offenses.

NINA TOTENBERG: It may have seemed and did seem entirely reasonable in the middle of a crime epidemic.

But, in hindsight, it resulted in locking up a generation of black and brown and poor white people.

LISA DESJARDINS: As the new century opened, with George W.

Bush elected twice, Biden again thought it was his time.

And he started dropping hints that he wanted another shot at the White House himself.

In 2007, Joe Biden had been a U.S.

senator for 43 years, ready to try once again for a different job.

JOSEPH BIDEN (D), Presidential Candidate: Friends, today, I filed the necessary papers to become a candidate for president of the United States.

LISA DESJARDINS: In early January, he announced he was running for president.

JOSEPH BIDEN: All right.

LISA DESJARDINS: But it was a rough start from the beginning.

In an interview with The New York Observer, Biden described his presidential opponent Barack Obama, saying: "I mean, you got the first mainstream African-American, who is articulate and bright and clean and is a nice-looking guy.

I mean, that's a storybook, man." Add to that stumble, he was battling a crowded, star-studded field.

Author Steven Levingston wrote the book "Barack and Joe." STEVEN LEVINGSTON, Author, "Barack and Joe": Joe Biden's 2008 campaign flamed out pretty quickly.

He never really got any traction.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden dropped out in January 2008, after placing fifth in the Iowa caucuses.

He left the trail, choosing not to endorse either of the front-runners, his fellow senators, Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama.

BARACK OBAMA, Former President of the United States: Hope is what led me here today.

LISA DESJARDINS: In late May, Obama emerged as the presumptive nominee, in need of a running mate.

Patti Solis Doyle was waiting for the news, too.

She was chief of staff to whomever would be picked for V.P.

PATTI SOLIS DOYLE, Political Strategist: Obama and his team were really looking for someone who could partner in the actual governing, because there was so much to do.

They were looking for someone who could bring some of the demographic constituents that the then nominee did not have, in particular white working-class voters.

And, lo and behold, Joe Biden checked all those boxes.

STEVEN LEVINGSTON: Obama was just a junior senator who didn't have a lot of experience with legislation, getting things through Congress.

Biden was a master.

He was able to go across the aisle.

He could really help Obama legislatively.

LISA DESJARDINS: On August 23, Obama announced his choice.

BARACK OBAMA: Joe Biden is that rare mix.

For decades, he has brought change to Washington, but Washington hasn't changed him.

He's an expert on foreign policy whose heart and values are rooted firmly in the middle class.

JOSEPH BIDEN: Ladies and gentleman, this is no ordinary time, this is no ordinary election.

And this may be our last chance to reclaim the America we love.

LISA DESJARDINS: Right away, Biden hit the campaign trail.

GWEN IFILL, Moderator: Welcome to the first and the only 2008 vice presidential debate.

LISA DESJARDINS: In a debate hosted by "NewsHour"'s late Gwen Ifill, Biden took on his vice presidential opponent, then Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.

SARAH PALIN (R), Former Vice Presidential Candidate: Nice to meet you.

JOSEPH BIDEN: It's a pleasure to meet you.

SARAH PALIN: Hey, can I call you Joe? JOSEPH BIDEN: You can call me...

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden focused on withdrawal from Iraq and appealed to a nervous middle class.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I understand, as well as, with all due respect to the governor or anybody else, what it's like for those people sitting around that kitchen table.

And guess what? They're looking for help.

They're looking for help.

They're not looking for more of the same.

LISA DESJARDINS: On Election Day, the Obama/Biden ticket made history, ushering in the first African-American president.

BARACK OBAMA: I was never the likeliest candidate for this office.

This is your victory.

(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) PATTI SOLIS DOYLE: For Biden, the day they won, I think he took maybe a few hours to really just sort of celebrate.

But his initial thoughts were, let's roll up our sleeves, we got to go.

LISA DESJARDINS: At the time, the economy was losing hundreds of thousands of jobs a month.

Just weeks after inauguration, Congress passed a $787 billion stimulus package.

Obama put Biden in charge of overseeing how the money was spent.

It was the first of many Biden bridges to Congress, including health care reform.

And, later, he would be the key negotiator with Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell in a fiscal crisis.

PATTI SOLIS DOYLE: He had these long longstanding relationships on both sides of the aisle, both Democrat and Republican.

And when you have a divided government, that's a that's a very important role.

LISA DESJARDINS: But Biden also caused heartburn by going off-script, including his words to his boss the day the Affordable Care Act was signed.

JOSEPH BIDEN: This is a big (EXPLETIVE DELETED) deal.

LISA DESJARDINS: He also got mixed attention for how he touched people, sometimes tightly embracing or putting hands on shoulders, like with Stephanie Carter, wife of the incoming defense secretary.

Some, like Carter, said it was a show of empathy.

But, in 2019, a half-dozen women would say he made them uncomfortable.

Biden responded to the allegations of unwanted touching with a video, saying he heard the women and would be more aware of others' personal space.

But then, one of the women, a former Senate staffer named Tara Reade, would add to her charges, saying Biden sexually assaulted her.

TARA READE, Biden Accuser: He just had me up against the wall, and the wall was cold.

And I remember he -- it happened all at once.

The gym bag, I don't know where it went.

I handed it to him.

It was gone, and then his hands were on me and underneath my clothes.

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden addressed the charge on MSNBC.

JOSEPH BIDEN: No, it is not true.

I'm saying, unequivocally, it never, never happened.

And it didn't.

It never happened.

LISA DESJARDINS: When he was vice president, though, Biden's verbal missteps were his greatest controversy.

In 2012, on NBC's "Meet the Press," Biden was asked about gay marriage, something the Obama White House had not yet endorsed.

JOSEPH BIDEN: I am absolutely comfortable with the fact that men marrying men, women marrying women and heterosexual men and women marrying one another are entitled to the same exact rights, all the civil rights, all the civil liberties.

LISA DESJARDINS: Three days later, Obama made his own announcement.

BARACK OBAMA: And I have just concluded that, for me personally, it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same-sex couples should be able to get married.

STEVEN LEVINGSTON: Now, while this looks like a gaffe in a big way, and may seem to alter policy, I feel that it really wasn't a policy-altering gaffe.

It was a policy-speeding gaffe, in a sense that Obama was heading that direction anyway.

And Joe sort of gave him the nudge.

LISA DESJARDINS: Obama and Biden, who barely knew one another at the start of their campaign, were now a close-knit team.

BARACK OBAMA: Talk about our bromance.

(LAUGHTER) LISA DESJARDINS: The political bromance launched scores of Internet memes.

STEVEN LEVINGSTON: You saw pictures of them laughing together, hanging out together, going out for burgers together, putting on the White House green together.

This was unique, in terms of what a vice president and a president did.

PATTI SOLIS DOYLE: Obama knew what he was good at.

Biden knew what he was good at.

And they -- they just -- they worked it out, like two people who, you know, had worked together for years and years.

LISA DESJARDINS: That relationship helped to support Biden when tragedy came again to his family.

Biden's oldest child, Beau, died of brain cancer in May of 2015.

He was 46, a combat veteran who had been to Iraq, and a promising politician, serving as Delaware's attorney general.

JOSEPH BIDEN: And he walked over, gave me a kiss, and, say, "Dad, you"...

LISA DESJARDINS: Biden in an interview with "PBS NewsHour": JOSEPH BIDEN: Beau was always the guy who, as Barack said, the president said in his eulogy, Beau was Joe 2.0.

LISA DESJARDINS: Tony Allen worked for Joe Biden in the '90s as a speechwriter and special assistant.

TONY ALLEN, President, Delaware State University: When Beau Biden died, it was devastating to the vice president.

And it was devastating to Delaware, because we already knew all the tragedy that he had suffered.

When the vice president and the Biden family lost Beau, I felt like we all lost Beau.

STEVEN LEVINGSTON: For Biden, it was existential, in a way, in the same way that, when he lost his first wife in that car crash many years earlier, when he first became a senator, he doubted everything.

Going back to his wife's death, at that time, he, Biden, who is a very religious man, a very strong Catholic, began to doubt God.

LISA DESJARDINS: At the time, Biden was considering yet another run for the presidency, but Beau's death put a pause on those plans.

In the end, Biden decided not to run that year.

Just like so many times in his life, after facing personal tragedy, Biden fought his way back to run in 2020.

For the first time in his life, he won a presidential primary, and then the votes for the nomination itself.

For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Lisa Desjardins.

拜登早期的人生非常顺利，20多岁成为纽克斯尔县议员，30岁当选参议员，算得上是年轻有为的政治新星。他还有一个美丽的妻子和三个可爱的孩子，是人人羡慕的人生赢家。

然而，就在拜登30岁生日之后的一个月，命运的转折给了他黑暗一击。

一场车祸，带走了他的妻子Neilia和仅仅一岁的女儿Naomi。他的两个儿子也在车祸中受伤，但幸存了下来。

面对人生重大打击，拜登万念俱灰，被人评价“活得像个僵尸”，甚至一度有意放弃政途。但最终，他还是选择在儿子的病床前宣誓履职参议员，带着两个孩子继续走下去。那段时间，拜登每天要花4个小时坐火车，在工作和家庭之间往返。

几年后，35岁的拜登带着两个孩子再次步入婚姻，并持续在政坛取得发展，赢得了党内众多大佬的信任。

1987年，45岁的拜登第一次参加总统选举，结果演讲中的表现并不好，参选一周后就退出了，是一轮游中的一轮游。

1998年，拜登的身体出了问题，他体内出现了2个足以致命的动脉瘤。但非常幸运的是，他挺过了高风险的手术。经过了7个月的休息，又回到了工作岗位。

2007年，拜登再次宣布竞选总统。但是面对奥巴马和希拉里们的群星闪耀，他又一次沦为“前排观众”，仅仅在党内排名第五，草草收场。后来，善于在党内闪转腾挪的他得到了奥巴马的青睐，成为了奥巴马身边的竞选助手，也成为了后来的副总统。

不得不提到的是：拜登因为两个个人问题而广受诟病：第一就是口无遮拦，甚至曾在重要场合说出F开头的单词；第二，有6名女性指控他的亲密动作“让自己感到不舒服”，也有一名女性称曾遭到拜登性侵但这些指控后来被拜登否认，且因为没有证据而不了了之。

2015年，副总统拜登再次遭遇人生重大打击：他年仅46岁的长子，也是时任特拉华州司法部长Beau，死于脑癌。这件事也导致他放弃了2016年竞选总统的计划。

2020年，78岁的拜登再次竞选总统。如此高龄的总统候选人，在美国历史上从未有过。毫无疑问，这是他一生中的最后一次机会。

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