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团队精神的真正含义是什么？

沙伦·索

 

1   面试中常会问到的一个问题就是，接受面试者是否具有团队精神。通常情况下，回答是肯定的，除非接受面试者特别愚蠢，或者特别诚实而且不想要这份工作。但团队精神的真正含义是什么呢？

2   在最基本的层面上，有团队精神的人就是能够与群体合作的人。只要有两个或两个以上的个体在一起就可以称为“团队”。因此，未来的员工是否具备团队精神，对任何工作而言都是一个至关重要的必备条件。

3   从较深层次而言，具备团队精神的人能够在团队中扮演特定的角色，能支持和达成团队协定的目标。打个最简单的比方，一个企业团队就好比一个运动队。足球队有两个主要目标，一是进球，一是阻止对手进球。足球运动中，每一方有十一名队员，还有差不多相同数量的替补队员。场外还有其他不可或缺的成员，如教练和队医等。

4   球队的每一个成员都扮演着特定的角色，如队长、守门员、前锋和中场防守球员。每一个队员对整个球队的成功都有至关重要的意义。任何一名队员缺阵，全队表现都会受到影响。任何一名队员不全力以赴，全队也会受到拖累。

5   队长的作用是给全队提供方向，包括战略、动力和灵感方面的，但他/她同时也应该是整队的一分子。自我主义在团队合作中没有立足之地。如果一个人的自我意识干扰了他/她的思维，比如某个队员想要进球、出风头，他/她可能会鲁莽行动，而不是助攻或让队友射门。

6   企业界的情况也类似，每一个公司都应该有清晰界定的目标，不过这些目标通常不会像足球比赛中那么清楚具体。每个员工都有责任去确保实现这些目标，公司团队的每个成员应该相应地有具体的目标和责任范围。

7   公司里只能有一个“队长”，其责任就是领导和指挥团队成员，不断地与团队就整体策略进行沟通，并为成员提供动力与灵感。领导应该能令整个团队忠实于他。如果团队不忠心或不尊重领导，团队成员就不会听从“队长”指挥，公司的目标也就无从实现。

8   在团队的每个行动中，务必将公司的目标或商业策略放在首要位置。团队能否成功，完全取决于团队每个成员是否能完成自己的角色任务和责任，能否与领导的指挥保持一致。企业文化中必须有“一致性”，公司中绝不允许某个人的目标或目的与公司的共同目标不一致。

9   具有团队精神并不意味着你不可以有自己的想法，也不意味着你应该总是附和其他队员或者只是随大流。有时，你的想法也许与公司、领导或是团队的其他成员的看法不一致。也许是一个值得一试的想法，如果你很有信心，就应该与团队其他成员分享。你的想法也许可以补充公司的目的与目标，也许不可以。如果领导称职的话，他/她就会客观评价这个想法，而不会令自我意识在那里作祟。不过，要是团队不赞同你的想法，也不要觉得是人身攻击。

10   他们也许觉得这个想法不合适，而不是觉得你这个人不行，所以你不要觉得这是针对个人的。一个优秀的领导应该能够将这种情况与队员沟通，但就算他/她没有这么做，让你感觉受到了冷落，也不要灰心。如果团队觉得你不行，那你自己肯定会最先察觉。要是领导或团队成员看到你能成熟地应对自己的想法被拒绝，那只能对你有好处。

11   不要害怕提出新的想法，哪怕是表面看来有些疯狂的也不要紧。团队的每一个成员都应该无拘无束地提出想法而不担心是否会被拒绝。通常情况下如果想法没有被采纳，人们会认为是针对个人的。不要这么想。接受事实，然后继续前进。工作总是要做的。

12   在每个成员都有团队协作精神的环境里工作，那种愉悦是无与伦比的。如果你不喜欢现在的工作环境，多半是因为你的团队运作不好，问问你自己：

13   你有团队合作精神吗？

14   你与团队的目标一致吗？

15   你的团队与公司的目标一致吗？如果不一致，原因在哪里？

 

Good Usage  (Paras. 1-2)

job interviews

team player

More often than not

On the most basic level

an essential requirement

 

Good Usage  (Para. 3)

On a deeper level

play a role in the team

achieve and support the goals set andagreed upon by the team

The simplest analogy to

score goals

the opposition team

in reserve

 

Good Usage  (Paras. 4-5)

a very specific role

vital to the success of the team

to the best of his or her ability

give direction to

play as part of the team

not play any part in

gets in the way

take rash actions

 

Good Usage  (Paras. 6-7)

in the corporate world

clearly defined goals

ensure that these goals are met

in view of

giving leadership and guidance to

communicate the overall businessstrategy

providing motivation and inspiration to

have the loyalty of the team

has no respect for

 

Good Usage  (Para. 8)

business strategy

first and foremost

relies completely on

carrying out their roles andresponsibilities

in line with

 

Good Usage  (Para. 9)

follow the herd

differ from

a valid vision

believe in it strongly enough

assess it on its merits

not let ego get in the way

don’t take it personally

 

Good Usage  (Paras.10-11)

take it as a sign of personal rejection

turns out as appearing to be a rebuff

lose heart

to your own credit

feel free to

taken up

 

Good Usage  (Paras.12-15)

chances are high that

in line with

 

Key Words and Expressions forText  A

 

more oftenthan not 

usually  经常，多半

e. g.Overexcitementmore often than not ends in sadness.

He enjoys fishingand more often than not he catches enough for dinner.

他喜欢钓鱼，他钓鱼常常足够他饱餐一顿。

 

employment  n.

[U]  职业，工作

e. g.The employmentprospects for graduates in computer science are excellent.

He has been looking for employment since graduation.

自从毕业后他一直在找工作。

  Collocations:

give/provide employment提供职业

find employment 找到工作

seek/look foremployment 找工作

 

goal  n. 

[C]  目标；目的；进球得分

e. g. Do not set your goalstoo high or you will always be failing.

        Before starting on a project like this,you have to set yourself some clearly defined goals.

在开始这样的项目之前，你必须为自己规定一些明确的目标。

  Collocations:

set a goal 确立目标

achieve / attain / reach/ realize a goal 达到目的

 

reserve  n.

[C (of); U] a quantity of sth. kept for future use; store [常与of 连用]贮藏；储备

e. g. We have only a small reserve of coal for thecoming winter.

        We mustkeep back a reserve of food for emergency.

我们必须储备一些紧急时需用的食物。

 

inreserve 

ready for useif needed 备用的

e. g.A large sum ofmoney was being kept in reserve for their retirement.

We always keep some money in reserve, just in case.

我们总是存起一些备用的钱，只是以防万一。

 

to the best of one’s ability 

as far as oneis able 力所能及，竭尽全力

e. g.I guarantee Iwill help you to the best of my ability.

       Although the resultis not perfect, he didit to the best of his ability.

虽然这结果并不完美，但他已竭尽全力了。

 

get in the way (of sth.)

prevent sb.from doing sth., or prevent sth. from happening 妨碍某人做某事，阻止某事发生

e. g. Your social life must not get in the way of your studies.

        Her physical handicap didn’t get in the way of heract of charity.

身体的残疾并没有妨碍她做善事。

 

in viewof 

considering; taking into consideration 考虑到，由于，鉴于

e. g. In view of all themistakes he has made, Franklin is expected to quit.

       In view of his youth, the police havedecided not to press charges.

      鉴于他年纪很轻，警方已决定不予起诉。

 

guidance  n.

[U] help and advice, esp. on the problems connected with one’s work,education, or personal life 指导，引导

e. g. Job clubs can giveguidance on how to apply for jobs.

I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance.

我盼望在她的专业指导下工作。

  Collocations:

provide/offer guidancefor 为……提供指导

under sb’s guidance 在某人的指导下

 

continuously ad.

in a way that continues without interruption持续地，不间断地，连续地

e.g. She haslived and worked in France almost continuously since 2000.

       The doctor has worked continuously for sixhours without a single break.

       这名医生已经连续工作了五个小时，没有片刻的休息。

 

loyal  a.

[(to)] faithful to one’s friends, principles, country, etc.; alwaysgiving support [常与to连用]（对……）忠诚的，效忠的，忠贞的

e.g. Are you a loyal supporterof your country’s football team?

      He has remained loyal to theteam even though they lost every game.

      他仍然忠于那支球队，尽管他们每场都输。

  Collocations:

be loyal to 对……忠诚

remain loyal 保持忠诚

 

objective  n. 

an aim, esp. one that must be worked towards over a long period; goal （尤指长远的）目的，目标

e.g. The main objective of this course is to improve children’s knowledgeof geography.

If you set unobtainable objectives, you will fail even if you do awonderful job.

如果你设立不可能达到的目标，尽管你做得很好，也无法实现。

  Collocations:

attain / achieve / gain/ win an objective 达到目的

a primary objective 主要目标

 

in line with

if sth. changes in line with sth. else, it changes in the same way andat the same rate as it 和……一致的

e. g. They carried out an examination survey in line with the relevant laws.

        That isn’t in line with my ideas at all.

        那和我的想法一点也不一样。

 

follow theherd 

do just what everyone else does 随大流

e. g. Do what suits you, and don’t simply follow the herd.

       She always does her own thing andnever follows the herd.

她一直按自己的意志行事，从不随大流。

 

differ  vi.

[(from, in)] be dissimilar in nature, character, type, etc.; bedifferent [常与from或in连用]有区别，与……相异，不同于

e. g.People differgreatly from one another in their ability to handle stress.

       The two squares differ incolor but not in size.

       这两个正方形的颜色不相同，大小却一样。

 

valid  a. 

(of a reason, argument, etc.) firmly based on what is true orreasonable; that can be defended （理由、论点等）正当的，有根据的

e. g. Policeofficers must have a valid reason for stopping motorists.

       My way of thinking might differ fromyours, but it’s equally valid.

我的思考方式可能与你的不同，但同样是有根据的。

 

complement vt.

 goes well with another thing andmakes its good qualities more noticeable 使（某物）完善；补充，补足

e.g. These two different points of view complement each other. 

Nutmeg, parsleyand cider all complement the flavour of these beans well.

肉豆蔻、西芹和苹果酒都能很好地突出这些豆子的味道。

 

assess  vt. 

judge the quality, importance, or worth of; evaluate 评定，评价

e. g. Many of the adultlearners of English here were assessed as having learning difficulties.

        It’s too early to assess the effects ofthe new legislation.

        要评价新法令的效果现在还为时过早。

 

merit  n. 

[C] a good quality 好的品质，优点

e. g.Each of these approachesto teaching has its merits as well as shortcomings.

The greatest merit of the project is its low cost.

这个项目最大的好处是成本低。

CF:merit, virtue, worth & value

这四个词都含“优点”、“价值”的意思。

merit指“成就或品质中值得赞扬的优点”，如：

*The merits of yourplan outweigh the defects.

virtue 指“性格中的优点、美德”, 如：

*Women have oftenbeen used as symbols of virtue.

worth 着重指“人或物本质中的优点或价值”，如：

*The worth of thenew drugs is certain although all their uses are not yet known.

 value指某物的重要性以及价值，如：

*I set a high valueon his advice.

 

assess / judgesth. on its (own) merits 

judge sth. only on what one sees when one looks at it rather than whatone knows from other people or things 对……客观评价

e. g. I will have the department assess it on its merits before we makea decision.

       We must judge each plan onits own merits.

       我们必须以其本身的好坏来客观评价每一项计划。

 

lose heart 

becomediscouraged 灰心，泄气

e. g. Try not to lose heart— there are plenty of other chances.

        Although he lost the game, hedidn’t lose heart.

尽管她输了比赛，但他并没有泄气。

 

to sb.’scredit 

in sb.’s favour; in a way that brings honour to sb. 为某人带来荣誉，值得赞扬

e. g. To their credit, Jack worked hard and proved to be a worthy student.

        The king, to his greatcredit, opposed the establishment of a military government.

        国王反对建立军政府是值得大为赞扬的。

 

feel free to do sth. 

beuninhibited about doing or saying sth. 不受约束地做某事

e. g.Feel free to askquestions if you don’t understand.

       If you have anythingpuzzling, do feel free to ask questions.

       如果你有任何困惑的地方，请随便提问题。

 

dismiss vt.

[(from)] refuse to consider (a subject or idea) seriously [常与from连用]不予考虑；摒弃（念头、想法等）

e. g.It’s an idea thatshouldn’t be dismissed lightly.

       He just laughed, and dismissed the ideaas impossible.

他只是笑了笑，认为那主意根本不可行而不予考虑。

 

take up 

accept(a suggestion, offer, or idea) 接受

e. g. Jenny was unwilling to take up his offer of help; she has some prejudiceagainst him.

        My father is not oneto take up new ideas readily.

我父亲可不是个乐意接受新观念的人。

 

Chances are(high) that … 

It is (very)likely that …（很）有可能

e. g. Chances are I’ll beout if you call me in the afternoon.

        Chances are that she’s already heardthe news.

        很可能她已经听到这消息了。