详细教案如下，包括课文翻译
Good Usage (Paras. 1-2)
in reverse
a natural cause-and-effect relationshipbetween optimism and success
so as to
shape our outlook and our expectations
ample sorrow and happiness
sufficient joy and pain
find a rational basis for
From which perspective do we want toview life?
look up in hope or down in despair
Good Usage (Paras. 3-4)
highlight the positive
slip right over the negative.
by choice
by nature
lived through more than one crisis
when all is said and done
An optimistic attitude is not a luxury;it’s a necessity.
get along with
feed on
a self-fulfilling prophecy
Good Usage (Paras. 5-6)
took me completely by surprise
without hesitation
feeling a little uneasy
pulled over to the side of the road
picked up some rare disease
Good Usage (Para. 7)
figured out
the light reflecting off the walls
had a profound effect on
Good Usage (Para. 8)
grown up in a nation with a grandtradition of optimism
adopts an upward look
incredible things can be accomplished
Good Usage (Para. 9)
But what a difference optimism makes inthe attitude of the problem solver!
Think in positive terms about how toaddress the issue
resulted in many positive discoveries
Good Usage (Para.10)
draws our attention away from
channels it into
more concerned with
have no hope of solution
tackle a problem that big
Key Words and Expressions forText A
reverse n.
[(of)] theopposite; the other way round [常与of连用]相反
e. g.If you tell these naughty children to do something, they will often just dothe exact reverse.
Hedid the reverse of what we expected: instead of being angry, he bought us adrink.
他所做的和我们的预料正相反——他非但没有生气，反而请我们喝酒。
in reverse
in theopposite way to normal or to the previous situation; vice versa 反过来；反之亦然
e. g.Thesecret number is my phone number in reverse.
Tostop the engine you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse.
若想停下引擎，则重复相同的步骤，但要以相反的顺序。
shape vt.
influenceand fix the course or form of 影响（……的形态等）；决定（进程等）
e. g. She had a leading role in shapingthe party’s policy.
It issaid that childhood experiences can shape a person’s character.
据说童年经历能影响一个人的性格。
curse vi. & vt.
express a wish that great misfortune will happen to(sb.), esp. by calling on magical powers 诅咒
e. g.People in many cultures believe witch doctors have the power to bless orcurse their lives.
She cursed him for ruining her life.
她诅咒他，说他毁了她一生。
perspective n.
[(on)]the way in which a situation or problem isjudged, so that (proper) consideration and importance is given to each part [常与on连用]（观察问题的）视角
e. g.The novel is written from a child’s perspective.
The new evidence put an entirely different perspectiveon the case.
新的证据使我们要从完全不同的视角来看待这个案子。
view vt.
[esp. (as, with)]consider; regard; think about [尤与as或with连用]考虑，看，认为
e. g.Theytry to view the situation objectively.
They viewed the future with some expectation.
他们怀着某种期待看未来。
Collocations:
view sth. as sth. 把……看作……
view sth. from sth. 从……角度来看待……
view sth. / sb. from a … perspective
think about sth.or sb. in a particular way 从……视角来看待某事或某人
e. g. Your pointcan be viewed from both the woman’s perspective and the man’s.
If we view the problem from a different perspective, asolution may become more obvious.
假如我们从另一个视角考虑这个问题，或许会更容易找到解决办法。
highlight vt.
pick out (sth.) as an important part; throw attentiononto 使……显著[突出]，使注意力集中于
e. g. These figures clearly hightlight the differences in living standardsbetween the two areas.
The report on the accident highlights the need forconsiderable improvements in safety.
事故报告强调了提高安全的重要性。
slip over
neglect; omit 忽视，忽略；遗漏
e. g. Don’t slip over the important issue.
I’m sorry I completely slipped over hisbirthday.
很抱歉，我完全忽略了他的生日。
by choice
because one haschosen; as a result of choosing; because of wanting to 出于自己选择地，凭爱好
e. g. Everythingwe do, we do by choice; and every choice we make, we make for a reason.
I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did itby choice.
我并不是非得整个周末都工作，我是自己选择这样做的。
by nature
as a result ofinherent qualities; innately 出于本性地，天生地
e. g. He is bynature a very happy individual; he seems to have been born with a smile on hislips.
It’s not in her nature to be rude; she’spolite by nature.
她生性并不粗野，倒是很有礼貌。
live through
remain aliveduring and in spite of (a difficult or dangerous period) 活过；经过（困难、危险）之后仍活着
e. g. We were all sad to learn that the old man is in a critical conditionand may not live through the winter.
He lived through two world wars.
他经历了两次世界大战。
crisis n.
a point or momentof great danger, difficulty, or uncertainty 危机；紧要关头
e. g. We need someone who can stay calm in a crisis.
Relations between the two countries havereached crisis point.
两国关系已经达到出现危机的地步。
Collocations:
cause / stirup a crisis 引起危机
lead to acrisis 导致危机
overcome / settlea crisis 解决危机
in a crisis 处于危机当中
when all is said anddone
when everythingis considered or explained; after all 结果，说到底，归根结底；毕竟，终究
e. g.When all’s said and done, he’s only a kid and should be excused for hiswrongdoing.
When all is said and done, she wasa most remarkable woman with a strong character.
归根结底，她是个非常出色的女士，性格坚强。
feed on / upon
(of a feeling,etc.) become stronger because of; (esp. of an animal or baby) eat （感情等）因……变得更强烈；（尤指动物或婴孩）吃，以……为食
e. g. Our memoryis limited, but our imaginationis unlimited, and it feeds on optimism andhope.
His self-confidence fed on encouragementfrom his father.
由于有了父亲的鼓励，他的自信心更强了。
CF: feed, nourish,nurture & supply
这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意。
feed普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。例如：
* The farmer’s wife feeds cattle and sheep every morning.
nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。例如：
* Milk, eggs, and meat nourish the bodies of growing boys and girls.
nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。例如：
*We want to nurture the new project, not destroy it.
supply表示提供所需物品。例如：
* Most large towns are supplied with electricity.
odd a.
different from what is ordinary orexpected; unusual 奇特的，古怪的，异常的
e. g. It’s odd of her to dash away without so much as saying goodbye.
It’s very odd that she didn’t reply to ourletter.
很奇怪，她没有回我们的信。
CF: strange, odd, peculiar & curious
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。
strange是普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。例如：
*The doctor thought her strange behavior was caused by stress.
odd通常指不同寻常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑或感到奇怪。例如：
*He is rather an odd man.
peculiar常指因为觉得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有点奇怪。例如：
*This food has got a peculiar taste.
curious通常指非常奇特从而能引起人们的好奇心。例如：
*It is a curious fact that he never works but has plenty of money.
figure out
come to understand or discover bythinking 理解，想出
e. g. It took Wyler a couple of days to figure out what had happened.
We still haven’t figured out how to do it.
我们仍想不出怎么去做这件事。
disgusting a.
extremelyunpleasant and making one feel sick 令人作呕的；令人厌恶的，讨厌的
e. g. Smoking is really a disgusting habit.
I can’t bear the disgusting food in thatrestaurant.
我受不了那家餐馆那令人作呕的食物。
observation n.
[C; U]an action of noticing or watching 观察，注意，监视
e.g. Mostinformation was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.
He leftby the back door to escape observation.
他从后门溜走了，以免被人注意到。
Collocations:
keep / place sb. under observation 监视某人；观察某人
be under observation 受到监视；被观察
accomplish vt.
succeed indoing; finish successfully 完成（任务等）；做成功
e. g. What exactly do you hope to accomplish this year?
She’s accomplished a great deal in the lastfew weeks.
在过去几周里，她完成了相当多的工作。
CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill &complete
这些动词均含有“完成”之意。
accomplish指经过艰苦的努力之后成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重达到预期目的的整个过程。例如：
*They accomplished the difficult task assigned to them.
achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现某事，特别强调由于非常努力以及克服困难后达到目的。例如：
*It is more difficult for a woman to achieve success in modern society.
fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等，侧重于完成心愿或者尽义务的意思。例如：
*Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never fulfilled his earlypromise.
complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分，一般指经过比较长的时间以后完成了任务。例如：
*The construction work of the new steel plant has already been completed.
make a difference
have an importanteffect or influence 有很大影响或关系，很重要
e. g. The rain didmake a difference to the game.
When you’re learning to drive, having a goodteacher makes a difference.
学习驾驶时，如有一位好教员指导，效果大不相同。
raise vt.
collect together 筹集；召集
e. g. They hope to raise $1 million to buy land.
We made an appeal to raise money for victimsof the disaster.
我们呼吁为灾民筹款。
in terms of …; in …terms
from the point ofview of 从……观点来看，从……角度来讲
e. g.The job is great in terms ofsalary, but it has its disadvantages.
The book has been wellreviewed, but in terms of actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.
这本书获得了好评，但是从实际销售情况来看，它并不太成功。
address vt.
try to solve 着手解决
e. g.We did not expect that the project should fully address issues of thiskind.
He ignored the side issues and addressed himself tothe main problem.
他抛开枝节问题，着手解决主要问题。
criticize vt.
[(for)] judgewith disapproval; point out the faults of [常与for连用]批评；指责
e. g. Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time.
The report strongly criticizes the police forfailing to deal with this problem.
报告强烈批评警方没有处理好这一问题。
result in
have asa result; cause 导致，造成
e. g. This move will eventually result in the loss of a lot of jobs.
The accident resulted in the death of twopassengers.
这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。
benefit vt.
(esp. of anaction or event) be useful, profitable, or helpful to （尤指一行动或事件）有益于，有利于，有助于
e. g. Exercise benefits our health.
It’s an expensive investment but it willbenefit the company in the long run.
这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远看来，它对公司有好处。
channel vt.
[(into)] directtowards a particular purpose [常与into连用]把……导向（某一特定目的）；引导；集中；朝向
e. g. We should channel our energy into useful activities.
The famine relief money was channelledthrough volunteer groups.
饥荒救济金是通过志愿者团体的渠道收集来的。
channel sth. intosth.
direct money,feelings, ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose 把……导向（某一特定目的）
e. g. Women were more likely to be channeled into the lower-paying jobs.
I decided to channel my energy into somethinguseful.
我决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上。
concerned with
havingan active personal interest; about 关心的，感兴趣的；与……有关系
e. g. Her job is mainly concerned with sales.
This story is concerned with a Russian familyin the 19th century.
这个故事讲的是一个十九世纪俄国家庭的事情。
Difficult Sentences for Text A
But when all is said and done, I find thatthe good in life is far greater and more important than the bad. (Para. 3)
Q: What is the implied meaning of thissentence?
A: Havingexperienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the goodin life is far greater and more important than the bad.
2. Conversely, negative thoughts,attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfillingprophecy. (Para. 4)
Q: Why does the author say negativethoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A: There seems to be a naturalcause-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expectsomething to turn out bad, it probably will.
3. That seemedlike an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. (Para. 5)
Q: What is theimplied meaning of this sentence?
A: The author was feeling great on thatbeautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendant’s question,he still tells him the fact.
4. Optimismdraws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive,constructive thinking. (Para. 10)
Q: Paraphrasethis sentence.
A: If we take an optimistic attitudetowards life, we will look on the positive side of the situation and graduallycultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking.
