第二节 海上保险的特征与作用

        海上保险承保与海上货物运输有关的财产、利益或责任(property,Interest and Liability) 。其主要标的物包括船舶、货物、运费及船东责任等(Vessel、Cargo and Freight and shipowner's liability)。海上保险是一种特殊形式的财产保险。

 一、海上保险的特征(Feature)

    特征是指一种事物区别于其他事物的特别显著的征象或标志。海上保险与其他保险不同的一些特征。

    -Property risk, liability risk

    -Marine risk, overland risk, aviation risk

    -Objective risk, subject risk

    -Static risk, dynamic risk

    Therefore ….

    -hull insurance,

    -Cargo insurance,

   - Marine transit insurance, overland transit insurance, aviation transit insurance, joint transit insurance,

    Therefore ….

    Except hull insurance policies, marine cargo insurance can be transferred several times with the transition of the owners of the cargo during the voyage. 

Therefore ….

    -Trade from nation to nation, country to country 

    -Language

   Therefore marine cargo insurance is transacted within the international law and must abide by the international practice and rules.

    -Cargo from storehouse to storehouse,

    -Difficulties in survey, claims handling,  

    -In big cases, insurers must go to the place of the insured to handle claims.

Insurance types include Free from particular average, With Particlar Average and All Risks, etc. 

Therefore ….

二、海上保险的作用(Role)

一般功能：具有经济损失补偿，保证社会再生产过程的正常运转；促进企业搞好风险管理，分散危险，消化损失，提高企业经济效益等功能。

 （一）对保险人而言：

(二 )对被保险人而言 

1. 提高资金运用能力

2. 确保资金运用安全

3. 保证企业正常经营

4. 保障贸易正常利润