环境大地测量学

瓦格纳

目录

  • 1 Week - 01
    • 1.1 01 - Introduction
    • 1.2 02 - Earth’s gravity field
    • 1.3 03 - Earth's shape
    • 1.4 04 - Earth's rotation
  • 2 Week - 02
    • 2.1 05 - ICRF
    • 2.2 06 - ITRF
    • 2.3 07 - Coordinate Systems in Geodesy
    • 2.4 08 - Spherical harmonic functions
  • 3 Week - 03
    • 3.1 09 - Atmospheric refraction
    • 3.2 10 - Earth tides
    • 3.3 11 - Structure and dynamics of the Earth
    • 3.4 12 - The Earth system
  • 4 Week - 04
    • 4.1 13 - Satellite gravimetry
    • 4.2 14 - Satellite altimetry
    • 4.3 15 - GNSS
    • 4.4 16 - InSAR
  • 5 Week - 05
    • 5.1 17 - Hydrology with satellite gravimetryy
    • 5.2 18 - Hydrology with satellite altimetry
    • 5.3 19 - Hydrology with GNSS
    • 5.4 20 - Hydrology with InSAR
  • 6 Week - 06
    • 6.1 21 - Gravity and hydrology
    • 6.2 22 - Processing satellite gravimetry data (Part I)
    • 6.3 23  - Processing satellite gravimetry data (Part II)
  • 7 Week - 07
    • 7.1 Spherical Harmonics Synthesis and its Use in Solid Earth
    • 7.2 Spherical Harmonics Synthesis and its Use in Hydrology
  • 8 Week - 08
    • 8.1 Finals
    • 8.2 Seminar
Finals


Examination

The final examination accounts for 60%. It will have a duration of 95 minutes and will take place at the first two lectures of Week 8.

 The final examination will cover questions related to the following topics:

  1. Define geodesy as science and describe concisely the three pillars of modern geodesy.

  2. What is a geodetic "reference system" and what is a "reference frame"?

  3. What are the mathematical shapes of the solid earth that are related to the main phases in the development of geodesy since its beginning and what are the main parameters of these shapes that were the focus of research/observations in these phases?

  4. What are the main endogenic and exogenic processes impacting the shape of the Earth from periods of sub-seconds to millions of years? What are key physical constants related to gravitation and the gravity field of a planet and how well are these known?

  5. Name and characterize the main equations related to the gravity potential.

  6. How large are the deviations of the geoid from the reference ellipsoid and how are these deviations explained?

  7. Explain in simple words the origin of tides.

  8. Why do we see ocean tides?

  9. Why does the Moon keep the same face toward the Earth?

  10. How large is the tidal bulge of the Moon?

  11. What are the main rotational eigenmodes of the Earth and to which parts of the Earth are they mainly attributed?

  12. Describe the main characteristics of point-geodetic observations versus imaging techniques in terms of spatial and temporal resolution and coverage.

  13. What is the "station motion model" and how does it enter into the analysis of point-geodetic techniques?

  14. Which space-geodetic techniques provide the origin of the reference frame with respect to the center of mass and which provide the scale? Why?

  15. Explain the principle of GNSS reflectometry.

  16. Explain briefly the principle of InSAR and identify the major limitations for accuracy and applicability. How could these challenges be addressed?

  17. What is the main characteristic of in situ, airborne and spaceborne gravity measurements in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, as well as accuracy as a function of spatial and temporal scale?

  18. Explain the principle of GRACE and its main limitations in terms of accuracy.