Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:  In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

【主题分类】词汇理解：滑旱冰

【高级表达】

Roller-skating n. 轮式溜冰；滑旱冰

Affect n. 情感；引起感情的因素

Cognition n. 认识；知识；认识能力

Ingredient  n. 原料；要素；组成部分

Cholesterol n.  胆固醇

【关键句型】

1. This description of roller-skating illustrates the three components of an attitude. 对轮滑的这一描述说明了态度的三个组成部分。

2. The answer depends on which component happens to be stronger. 答案取决于哪个成分更强。

3. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. 在这种情况下，你午餐吃披萨。

【答案解析】

26. N) strapping。根据the thought of _____ on your roller-skates，空格位于介词 of 和介宾 your roller-skates 之间，故 _____ on 在此应该为动名词的形式。句意为：只是想一想 _____ 旱冰鞋就能让你面带笑容。由此判断 N 符合逻辑，strapping on 意为“用皮带绑上，穿上”，故选 N。

27. I) positive。此空前面是不定冠词 a，后面是名词 attitude（态度） ，句意为：你有一个 _____ 态度。所以判定空格词性为形容词。选项中的 positive（积极的）符合题意，意为“一个积极的态度”。故选 I。

28. D) illustrates。此空应填动词的第三人称单数形式，原文中的 this description 是指文章首段对滑旱冰的描述。原文提到：This description of roller-skating _____ the three components of an attitude: affect, cognition,and behavior（对轮滑的这种描述 _____ 态度包含三个成分：情感、认知、行为）。由此判断 D 符合逻辑，illustrate 意为“说明，表明”。

29. C) highlight。根据原文 These feelings _____ the affective or emotional component 可判断本句缺少谓语动词，且应为一般现在时；由此可知 C 项符合逻辑。本句意为：这些感觉突出了情感成分。故选 C。

30. B) benefits。根据句子结构判定空格词性为名词。句意为：你明白滑旱冰这项运动可以带来健康 _____。由此判断 benefits（益处，利益）符合逻辑，也就是说滑旱冰有益于身体健康，故选B。

31. L) prompt。根据句子结构判断空格词性为动词。由于主语 attitudes 是复数形式，通篇又是一般现在时，所以空格为动词的原形。句意为：我们的态度 _____ 我们到外面滑旱冰。由此判断 prompt（促使，导致）符合逻辑，故选 L。

32. E) impression。根据原文的 we don’t want to leave you with the _____ that 可判定空格词性为名词。句意为：我们不想给你留下这样的 _____。选项 E 符合逻辑，impression 意为“印象，感觉” 。

33. H) perfectly。空格所在句的句法结构完整，故需要填入副词加以修饰。原文提到 These three components always work together_____，意为：这三种组成成分总是 _____ 结合在一起，共同作用。由此可知 H 选项perfectly（完美地）符合题意，故选 H。

34. A) avoiding。从句子结构来判断 or 前后的词性应一致，所以此处需要填入动词的 -ing 形式。根据上文内容：假设你喜欢吃披萨，但是你有高胆固醇，并且你知道吃披萨可能对你的健康有害；你的态度会导致你的哪种行为，吃披萨还是 _____? 由此判断 avoiding 符合逻辑，故选 A。

35. J) prevail。空格前是情态动词 may，所以此处需要填入动词原形。句意为：认知成分可能 _____，你会决定去吃一顿健康的晚餐。由此可知 J 符合逻辑，prevail意为“获胜，占优势”，故选 J。

Section B

Directions:  In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

【主题分类】长篇阅读：价值与观念

【高级表达】

Approve of 同意,赞成,满意

Priority n. 优先,优先权,优先考虑的事

The generation gap 代沟

Turbulent adj. 湍急的，混乱的，动荡不安的

Drug abuse 药物滥用，毒品滥用

【关键句型】

1. Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals. 与一些刻板印象相反，大多数青少年认为他们必须容忍个体之间的差异。

2. One prevalent quality we have found in teens’ statements about themselves, their friends and their families is... 我们在青少年对自己、朋友和家人的描述中发现的一个普遍特征是...

3. In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. 在我们的采访中，许多学生对政治持怀疑和厌恶的态度。

【答案解析】

36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.

本题题干意为：如今，对当地或国家选举感兴趣的且有合法选举权的年轻人不多。言外之意，以前对选举感兴趣的年轻人多，而现在的年轻人对选举的兴趣不高。原文 I 段提到 It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down（麻烦的是，18—24 岁的最年轻的合法选民的投票率一路下跌），所以本题符合 I 段大意。

37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.

根据题干中的关键信息 parents，concern，和 criminal 可将答案定位至原文 B段，该段概述了最近一个月美国年轻人的新闻报告：据报道，只有2%的年轻人在家里，1%的在工作场合；相比之下，刑事司法系统的报告占据视线的1/5。再根据本段最后的总结句：No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence（难怪父母担心自己的孩子一旦碰上青春期的汹涌潮水，就会失控）。题干的concern和 reach their teens分别对应原文的 worry和hit the turbulent waters of adolescence,故选B。

38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.

根据题干中的关键信息 youth rebellion，exaggerated 可将答案定位至原文 F 段，本段提到Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone（但即便是那时，有关广大叛逆青年的报告也被夸大了），题干是对该句的同义转述，exaggerated对应 overdone，media 对应 reports，所以本题选 F。

39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.

根据题干中的关键信息 advice，important matters 和 career choice 可将答案定位至D段：Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice（现在的年轻人崇拜父母，也很欢迎家长在诸如职业选择等重要问题上给出指导），故本题选 D。

40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.

本题题干大意为：如今年轻人犯罪和品行不端事件正在下降。原文C段有相似描述：From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline（根据其他来源，我们也知道青少年犯罪、吸毒和婚前性行为整体上在减少），所以本题选C。

41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.

本题题干大意为：年轻人对生活应该有崇高的理想并努力成为领导。据原文K 段的概述：But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions（但是年轻人也应心存崇高的目标，包括对更广阔的社会的献身、对国家的挚爱以及对奉献领导力的渴望），题干的lofty ideals和 strive to be leaders 是对原文K段的同义转述，故本题选K。

42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don’t want their parents to know about it.

本题题干大意为：一些年轻人有自己想保存的东西，并不想被父母知道。根据原文A段最后一句：Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color book or CD（尽管超过三分之一的年轻人会在自己房间里私藏一件不想被父母知道的东西，但是这些东西最多也就是日记本、低俗小说或 CD），题目是对本句的概括总结，所以本题选 A。

43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.

根据题干中的关键信息 explore 和 get ready to 可将答案定位至原文 L段最后一句： We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world（鼓励年轻人去探索自己见识以外的世界，让他们做好改造世界的准备，这对我们而言受益匪浅）。题干中的 beneficial 与 gain同义； explore the broader world与 explore the world beyond their immediate experience 同义；get ready与 prepare同义。故本题选 L。

44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.

本题题干大意为：很多青少年愿意为需要帮助的人提供服务。根据E 段原文： Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people（很多人自愿为弱势群体提供社区服务），题干是该句的同义转述，故选 E。

45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.

根据题干中的关键信息 interviews，concerned和 personal 可将答案定位至原文 J 段，本段描述了接受采访的学生的观点：the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented（这些学生仅提到了个人问题，比如放慢生活节奏、结交好朋友、精神上更满足、物质上更成功或者不那么物质），由此可知目前很多学生更关注自身问题，故本题选 J。

Section C

Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

【主题分类】仔细阅读：环境与发展 

【高级表达】

Mainstream n. 主流

Lawsuit n. 诉讼，诉讼案件

Accomplishment n. 成就，完成，素养

A handful of  一把，少量的，一小部分

Environmental product 环保产品

【关键句型】

1. The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. 此次修订正值绿色营销方兴未艾之际。

2. A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. 近年来，一些公司因被指控使用误导性的环境标签而遭到起诉。

3. The excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to. 过多的标签让商家和消费者很难知道他们应该关注哪些标签。

【答案解析】

46. 答案 C

根据题干的关键词 “Green Guides”，可将答案定位至第二段，本段提到The commission’s revised “Green Guides” warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like “eco-friendly.” Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled（委员会修改“绿色条令”警告营销人员禁止使用过于宽泛的标语，如“环 保的”；营销人员必须使产品包装上的标语更加明确，标语内容应体现产品的具体益处，比如产品多少部分是循环使用的）；所以本题正确答案是 C。

47. 答案 D

根据题干的关键词：explosion of green claims，可将答案定位至原文第六段，本段提到：there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting（绿色和环保声明数量激增，但很明显顾客并不总是了解他们买到的产品）,即顾客其实不太清楚产品是否真的环保；选项 D 符合原文，故选D。

48. 答案 C

根据题干的关键词：SC Johnson和class-action lawsuits 可将答案定位至原文第七段：The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the product had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company’s own（诉讼方称该商标具有误导性，因为它给人一种错觉，以为该商品由第三方授予了证书；实际上，证书是公司自己给的）。所以SC Johnson 被控诉误导消费者，故选 C。

49. 答案 A

本题问 Christopher Beard是怎样为他所在公司的贴标签行为辩护的。根据题干的关键词 Christopher Beard 可将答案定位至第八段，Christopher Beard 表示为在Greenlist 体系下做出的贡献感到自豪，并相信会在这种情况下获胜，同时他也承认 this has been an area that is difficult to navigate（这是个很难操作的领域）。言外之意，该领域目前尚未出台具体的政策，所以 A 项正确。

50. 答案  B

根据 Kevin Wilhelm在第十一段的概述 It’s kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green（这有点像野蛮的西部，任何人都可以声称自己绿色环保），即每个企业都有给自己贴环保标签的方法，所以本题选 B。

Passage Two

【主题分类】仔细阅读：教育 

【高级表达】

Transmit 传输，传播，传达

Critical adj. 关键的，批评的，危险的

Be laid off 下岗，被解雇

Turning a blind eye to 熟视无睹，对...视而不见

Striker n. 罢工者

【关键句型】

1. America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.美国的教育体系与其说是一个机会阶梯，不如说是一个将不平等代代相传的结构。

2. ... had a huge positive or negative impact 产生巨大的积极或消极影响

3. There’s solid evidence that ... 有确凿的证据表明...

【答案解析】

51. 答案 B

由题干中的关键词 America’s education system 可将答案定位至第一段，本段提到 America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next（美国的教育体制已经不再是有机会上升的阶梯，而变成了一个将不公平代代相 传的体系）。由此可知 B 项是原文的同义转述，故选 B。

52. 答案 B

由题干中的关键词 inner-city schools 可将答案定位至第三段，本段第一句提到：It’s true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’ unions, but poverty（贫民区的学校不好不是 因为教师工会，而是因为贫穷）。B选项Lack of financial resources 是原文中 poverty 的同义转述，故选 B。

53. 答案 C

由题干的关键词 union 可将答案定位至第四段，本段提到 I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation（如果工会只专注于高额的补偿，我会表示支持）。接着提到Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools（需要给老师发放更高的薪水，才能吸引名校毕业生到全国最差的学校来）。由此可知作者建议给教师加薪，故选 C。

54. 答案 D

由题干中的关键词 Harvard and Columbia University scholars 可将答案定位至第五段：The gold standard study... found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact（研究发现即便在非常贫穷的学校，老师们也一向有很大的正面或负面的影响）。言外之意就是学生的表现和老师有很大的关系。故选 D。

55. 答案 A

由题干中的关键词 Chicago union 可将答案定位至文章的最后三段。文中提到 teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring（工会要求优先聘请那些被解雇的老师，而他们之前往往是由于能力低下而被开除）。后面又提到 Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system（以牺牲学生来维护工会的需求，实际上是对教育体制中不公平现象的视而不见）。由此可知 A项是原文的概括总结，故选 A。