Recording 1
【主题分类】讲座：环境生态（外来物种）
【高级表达】
root out 根除
exotic adj. 外来的；异国情调的
habitat n. 栖息地；产地
at its core 究其核心
biodiversity n. 生物多样性
【关键句型】
1. Governments, private groups and individuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems and to prevent the introduction of new intruders.政府、私人团体和个人每年花费数十亿美元来根除被认为会危害生态系统的外来生物，并阻止新入侵者的引入。
2. But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem. 但是一些科学家对外来物种永远无法融入当地自然生态系统的这种假设提出质疑。
3. They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach. 他们说将外来物种描述成天生有害是一种不科学的方法。
4. At its core, the debate is about how to manage the world’s remaining natural ecosystems, and about how and how much to restore other habitats.争论的核心是如何管理世界上现存的自然生态系统，如何以及在多大程度上恢复其他栖息地。
5. Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,…because they depend on pegging a date and calling the plants and animals that show up after that date ‘exotic’. 外来物种和本地物种之间的区别是人为的，……因为它们依赖于一个确定的日期，并把在那个日期之后出现的动植物称为“外来的”。
【听力原文】
Governments, private groups and individuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems and to prevent the introduction of new intruders. But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem. They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach. “Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,” said Dr. Michael Rosenzweig, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona, “because they depend on pegging a date and calling the plants and animals that show up after that date ‘exotic’.” Ecosystems free of species defined as exotic are, by default, considered the most natural. “You can’t roll back the clock and remove all exotics or fix habitats,” Dr. Rosenzweig said, “Both native and exotic species can become invasive, and so they all have to be monitored and controlled when they begin to get out of hand.”
At its core, the debate is about how to manage the world’s remaining natural ecosystems, and about how and how much to restore other habitats. Species that invade a territory can harm ecosystems, agriculture and human health. They can threaten some native species or even destroy and replace others. Next to habitat loss, these evasive species represent the greatest threat to bio-diversity worldwide, many ecologists say. Ecologists generally define an alien species as one that people accidentally or deliberately carried to its new location. Across the American continents, exotic species are those introduced after the first European contact.That date, rounded off to 1,500 AD, represents what ecologists considered to have been a major shift in the spread of species including crops and life stock as they began to migrate with humans from continent to continent.
“Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,” said Don Smith, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tennessee. “Of the 7,000 alien species in the United States—out of a total of 150,000 species—only about 10 percent are invasive,” he pointed out. “The other 90 percent have fit into their environments and are considered naturalized.” Yet appearances can deceive, ecologists caution, and many of these exotics may be considered acceptable only because no one has documented their harmful affects. What is more, non-native species can appear harmless for decades, then turn invasive.
【答案解析】
预测：通过三道题备选项中出现的species，biodiversity及ecosystem等词可初步推测该讲座与物种和生态系统有关。结合备选项中的native species，contribute to a region’s biodiversity，local ecosystem 及new habitats等表达可进一步推测讲座可能涉及外来物种对当地生态系统的影响等内容。
Q16.What assumption about introduced species is challenged by a number of scientists？
正确答案：C
解析：讲座开头提到，“Governments, private groups and individuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems and to prevent the introduction of new intruders. But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem. They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach.”(政府、私人团体和个人每年花费数十亿美元来根除被认为会危害生态系统的外来生物，并阻止新入侵者的引入。但是一些科学家对外来物种永远无法融入当地自然生态系统的这种假设提出质疑。他们说将外来物种描述成天生有害是一种不科学的方法。) 由此可知，这种假设所持的观点是引入的物种对当地的自然生态系统构成威胁，因此正确答案为C。
Q17.What does Dr. Michael Rosenzweig think of exotic native species ？
正确答案：D
解析：讲座中提到，“Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,” said Dr. Michael Rosenzweig,…“because they depend on pegging a date and calling the plants and animals that show up after that date ‘exotic’.” (外来物种和本地物种之间的区别是人为的，……因为它们依赖于一个确定的日期，并把在那个日期之后出现的动植物称为“外来的”。) 因此正确答案为D。
Q18. What does Professor Don Smith say about alien species？
正确答案：A
解析：讲座稍后部分提到，“Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,” ( 只有很少一部分外来物种会给他们的新栖息地带来问题。) 因此正确答案为A。
Recording 2
【主题分类】讲座：商贸（在国外做生意所需的跨文化意识）
【高级表达】
intercultural adj. 跨文化的
apply to 适用于
coincide with 与……一致；巧合
without parallel 无与伦比
inconspicuous adj. 不显眼的
【关键句型】
1. If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our tradition and methods. 如果外商要卖给我们商品，他们会尽力说英语并且尊重我们的传统和做事方式。
2. In Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. 在阿拉伯国家，人们的礼貌和慷慨是无与伦比的。
3. In international hotels you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of those dates. 在国际酒店你会发现有酒水供应，但如果你碰巧是在这些个日子里和印度同事一起用餐，记得不要点啤酒。
4. In Spain, some businesses maintain the patter of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8:00, 9:00 or 10:00 in the evening. 在西班牙，一些商家保持着工作到下午两点下班，然后在晚上五点半返回上班，上到晚上八点、九点或是十点的工作模式。
【听力原文】
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen！And welcome to the third in our cities of business seminars in the program—Doing Business Abroad. Today we are going to look at intercultural awareness, that is, the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English, and not everyone does business in the British way. And why should they？If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our tradition and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite; it is essential if we want to sell British products overseas.
First, a short quiz. Let’s see how interculturally aware you are.
Question 1: Where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month?
Question 2: Where should you never admire your host’s possessions？
Question 3: How should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok?
And Question 4: Where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5:30 p.m.？
Okay. Everyone had a chance to make some notes? Right, here are the answers, although I am sure the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen.
So No.1, you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in Indian. In international hotels you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of those dates. Two, in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague’s beautiful golden bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present .This is not the cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will, quite correctly, expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “ Waiter!” will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself, and most of all, you! Place you palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, in Spain, some businesses maintain the patter of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8:00, 9:00 or 10:00 in the evening.
【答案解析】
预测：通过三道题备选项中出现的respect，traditional culture及business等词推测讲座可能涉及商贸活动中需注意的一些传统文化等内容。
Q19.What should you do when you do business with foreigners？
正确答案：A
解析：讲座开头部分提到，“If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our tradition and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite; it is essential if we want to sell British products overseas.”(如果外商要卖给我们商品，他们会尽力说英语并且尊重我们的传统和做事方式。当我们去他们那里做生意时，出于礼貌我们也应该做同样的事。如果我们想要在海外销售英国的产品，这样做不仅仅是礼貌，也是必要的。) 由此可知，与外国人做生意应该尊重对方的传统文化，因此正确答案为A。
20.What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague？
正确答案：C
解析：讲座中提到，“you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in Indian. In international hotels you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of those dates.”(在印度，每月的第一天和第七天都不能喝酒。在国际酒店你会发现有酒水供应，但如果你碰巧是在这些个日子里和印度同事一起用餐，记得不要点啤酒。) 因此正确答案为C。
Q21.What do we learn about some Spanish people？
正确答案：D
解析：讲座最后提到，“In Spain, some businesses maintain the patter of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8:00, 9:00 or 10:00 in the evening.”(在西班牙，一些商家保持着工作到下午两点下班，然后在晚上五点半返回上班，上到晚上八点、九点或是十点的工作模式。) 由此可知，下午两点到五点半是西班牙一些商务人士的休息时间，因此正确答案为D。
Recording 3
【主题分类】讲座：文化（《读者文摘》）
【高级表达】
launch v. 推出，发行（杂志等）
condensed adj. 扼要的；缩编的
uplifting adj. 令人振奋的
shower v. 大量给予；倾注
lay off 解雇；裁员
【关键句型】
1. True to his word, Grune has shaken up the culture here. 他说到做到，颠覆了《读者文摘》集团的企业文化。
2. The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formula for their “little magazine”, as Reader’s Digest was originally subtitled. 华莱士夫妇俩都出生于牧师家庭，他们对最初副标题为“小杂志”的《读者文摘》设定了一个明确的模式。
3. Articles were to be short, readable and uplifting. Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain. 文章应该简短易读，令人振奋。选择的主题能具有激励或娱乐的效果。
4. It started as a mom-and-pop operation, and the childless Wallaces always considered employees to be part of their family. 这家杂志最初是家庭企业式的运作。华莱士夫妇没有子女，他们总是把员工视为自己家庭的一员。
5. Especially hard hit were the blue-and pink-collar departments such as subscription fulfillment. 特别受到冲击的是履行订阅任务之类的蓝领和粉领部门
【听力原文】
Shortly after he took over the Reader’s Digest Association in 1984, George Grune unlocked the company’s boardroom and announced that the room was now open to the employees. It was a symbolic act, indicating that under Grune’s leadership, Reader’s Digest was going to be different. True to his word, Grune has shaken up the culture here.
To get an idea of the culture we’re talking about, consider the boardroom Grune opened up. It has artworks that any museum in the world would want to collect, paintings by many world famous artists like Monet and Picasso. Its headquarters houses some 3,000 works of art. The main building is topped with a Georgian Tower with four sculptures of the mythical winged horse, the magazine’s corporate logo. It sits on 127 acres of well-trimmed lawns. The editor’s office used to be occupied by founder Dewitt Wallace, who, along with his wife, Lila Acheson Wallace, launched Reader’s Digest in 1922 with condensed articles from other publications. It has become the world’s most widely read magazine, selling 28 million copies each month in 17 languages and 41 different editions. The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formula for their “little magazine”, as Reader’s Digest was originally subtitled. Articles were to be short, readable and uplifting. Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain. The Wallaces didn’t accept advertising in the US edition until 1955 and even then they didn’t allow any ads for cigarettes, liquor or drugs. The Wallaces also had a clear sense of the kind of workplace they wanted. It started as a mom-and-pop operation, and the childless Wallaces always considered employees to be part of their family. Employees still tell stories of how the Wallaces would take care of their employees who had met with misfortunes and they showered their employees with unusual benefits, like a turkey on Thanksgiving and Fridays off in May. This cozy workplace no longer exists here. The Wallaces both died in their nineties in the early 1980s. George Grune, a former ad salesman who joined Reader’s Digest in 1960 has his eyes focused on the bottom line. In a few short years, he turned the magazine on its head. He laid off several hundred workers. Especially hard hit were the blue-and pink-collar departments such as subscription fulfillment.
【答案解析】
预测：通过四道题备选项中出现的Reader’s Digest，articles，magazine及subscriptions等词可初步推测该讲座与《读者文摘》杂志有关。结合备选项中的company’s culture，boardroom，short，inspiring，reasonable及 employees等词可进一步推测讲座可能涉及《读者文摘》杂志的企业文化、经营管理、杂志特点及员工情况等内容。
Q22. What did George Grune do in 1984？
正确答案：A
解析：讲座开头部分提到，“Shortly after he took over the Reader’s Digest Association in 1984, George Grune unlocked the company’s boardroom and announced that the room was now open to the employees. It was a symbolic act, indicating that under Grune’s leadership, Reader’s Digest was going to be different. True to his word, Grune has shaken up the culture here.”(1984年乔治·格鲁恩接手《读者文摘》集团后打开了董事会房间大门并宣布此房间向全体员工开放。这是一个象征性的行为，表明在格鲁恩的领导下，《读者文摘》将会有所不同。他说到做到，颠覆了集团的企业文化。) 由此可知，他彻底改变了《读者文摘》集团的企业文化，因此正确答案为A。
Q23. How did the Wallaces define the formula for Reader’s Digest？
正确答案：B
解析：讲座中提到，“The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formula for their “little magazine”, as Reader’s Digest was originally subtitled. Articles were to be short, readable and uplifting. Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain.”(华莱士夫妇俩都出生于牧师家庭，他们对最初副标题为“小杂志”的《读者文摘》设定了一个明确的模式。文章应该简短易读，令人振奋。选择的主题能具有激励或娱乐的效果。) 因此正确答案为B。
Q24. What do we learn about the founder of Reader’s Digest, Dewitt Wallace？
正确答案：D
解析：讲座中提到，“The Wallaces also had a clear sense of the kind of workplace they wanted. It started as a mom-and-pop operation, and the childless Wallaces always considered employees to be part of their family.”(华莱士夫妇很清楚自己想要一个怎样的工作场所。这家杂志最初是家庭企业式的运作。华莱士夫妇没有子女，他们总是把员工视为自己家庭的一员。) 因此正确答案为D。
Q25. What change took place in Reader’s Digest after the Wallaces’ death？
正确答案：C
解析：讲座结尾部分提到，“The Wallaces both died in their nineties in the early 1980s. … In a few short years, he (George Grune)turned the magazine on its head. He laid off several hundred workers.”(华莱士夫妇都在二十世纪八十年代初九十多岁时去世。……在短短几年时间里，格鲁恩就彻底改变了这本杂志。他解雇了数百名员工。) 因此正确答案为C。
