Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer. from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Conversation One

【主题分类】长对话听力:工作与职场

【高级表达】

1.   Consultant  n. 顾问

2.   Tracker  n. 跟踪者

3.   Ad-hoc . adj. 临时的，特别的，因某个特别情况而做的

4.   Specialize in   专门研究，专营

5.   Methodology n.方法学，方法论

【关键句型】

1. Trackers,which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over along period of time. …I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorterprojects. 

    

   追踪表单是不间断的项目，用以长期观察趋势或顾客满意度。我也会因 特别情况而做几个临时的短期项目。

【听力原文】

M:So how long have you been a market research consultant?

W:Well, I started straight after finishing university.

M:Did you study market research?

W:Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say thatit’s more important to get experience in different types of market research tofind out exactly what you’re interested in.

M:So what are you interested in?

W: Well, at the moment, I specialize inquantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects.Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customersatisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is thatit takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship withthe client. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.

M:What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?

W: It’s basically when companies needquick answers to their questions about their consumers’ habits. They just askfor one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on anad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.

M:Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc?

W: I like doing both and in fact I need todo both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.

M:Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client?

W: Well, together we decide on themethodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Oncethe interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then theyget back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, Ihave to check them and organize a presentation.

M:Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job?

W:As I said, variety is important and as for what I don’t like, it has to be thechecking of charts and tables.

Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1.What position does the woman hold in the company?

2.What does the woman specialize in at the moment?

3.What does the woman say about trackers?

4.What does the woman dislike about her job?

【答案解析】

1. D  根据对话中男士的问题 So how long have you been a market research consultant（你在市场调查顾问一职做了多久） ，以及女士的回答 I started straight after finishing university（一毕业就开始从事这一工作） ，可知女士的工作是市场调查顾问。D项是原句的重述，故选 D。

2. A  原文提到 I specialize in quantitative advertising research（我专门从事量化广告调研），A 项 与原文所述相符。

3. D  原文提到 Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time（追踪表单是不间断的项目，用以长期观察趋势或顾客满意度） 。D 项是原文的同义转述。

4. B  对话最后提到 as for what I don’t like, it has to bethe checking of charts and tables（至于我不喜欢的，则是我必须要检查图表） 。B项与原文相同，故选 B。

Conversation Two

【主题分类】长对话听力：大学教育

【高级表达】

1.   Curriculum n. 学校课程（curriculums/curricula 为复数形式）

2.     Bureaucracy n.官僚主义， 官僚机构，官僚政治

3.    Motivate  v. 激发…的积极性；使…有动机

【关键句型】

1.  You have very strong views about…             你对…有明确的看法

2.  You’re not giving equal access to …              你没有给与平等的…的渠道

【听力原文】

W:Hello, I’m here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?

M:Yeah, that’s right.

W:OK, and you have very strong views about universitiesin Canada. Could you please explain?

M:Well, we don’t have private universities in Canada. They’re all public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Educationin charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is notmuch room for flexibility. Since it’s a government operated institution, things don’t move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do nothave so much incentive to help you because he’s a worker for the government. SoI don’t think it’s very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free. You don’t have to pay for your education. But the system isn’t efficient, and it does not work that well.

W:Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don’tact that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a privateuniversity. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they’re that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States thatusually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it’s kind of a problem actually.

M:I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, publicuniversities are considered to be the best.

W:Right. It’s the exact opposite in the United States.

M: So, as you see, it’s very hard to say which one is better.

W:Right, a good point.

Questions 5 to 8are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5.What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?

6.What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?

7.On what point do the speakers agree?

8.What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?

【答案解析】

5. A  从对话中的 and you havevery strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain可知，女士认为男士对加拿大的大学有明确的看法，并让其解释。由此可知她让 Frederick 讲述对大学的看法。A 项是原文的同义转述。

6. B  男士提到Allthe universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry ofEducation in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and sothere is not much room for flexibility（所有的大学受政府的管理，因此， 教育部负责设置学校的课程， 所以灵活性很小） 。由此可知 B项是原文的同义转述。

7. C  男士提到 I agree withyou. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to educationto everybody（我认为这是个问题，因为每个人受教育的机会并非平等）。由此可知，两个说话人就“每个人应得到平等的高等教育机会”一问题达成共识。C项是原文的同义转述。

8. C在对话最后，男士提到 it’s very hardto say which one is better（很难说哪个更好）。这是他概括得出的结论，C项是原文的同义转述。由此可知C正确。

SectionB

Directions:  In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe center.

Passage One

【主题分类】长篇文章听力：工作与职场

【高级表达】

1.  International Labor Organization     国际劳工组织

2.   Deterioration n.     恶化，退化，堕落

3.   Rescuepackages     一揽子救助计划

4.   Government  subsidy    政府补贴，政府救助金

5.   Scheme n.    计划，策划，阴谋

【关键句型】

1.  If government rescue packages are phased out too early

  如果政府的一揽子救助计划太快停止的话…

2.  Thereport warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despiteindications of an economic rebound.

  报告警告说，尽管有经济复苏的迹象，但是今年的工资状况可能会变得更糟。

3.  Forthis scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensatefor lost pay due to the shorter hours. 

  为了使这一计划奏效，政府必须提供工资补贴，以补偿由于工作时间缩短而损失的工资部分。

【听力原文】

A recent, International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early. The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound.

Patrick Belser, an International Labor Organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.  “The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.”

The report finds more than a quarter ofthe countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany. International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is work sharing with government subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.

Questions9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

     9. What is the International Labor Organization’s report mainly about?

10. According to an International Labor Organization specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?

11. What does the speaker mean by the work sharing scheme?

【答案解析】

9.  B 原文提到 A recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery （国际劳工组织最近的一份报告显示，全球各地的实际工资状况都在恶化，这让人们对经济复苏的真正程度提出了质疑）。B项是原文中deteriorationof real wage的同义转述。

10. A 原文提到 there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline （今后，随着更多的人失业，找工作的人也会增多，工资的压力将会变大，雇主通过涨工资吸引工人的压力也会变小）。由此可知 A是原文的同义转述。

11. C 原文提到Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs（这一方案减少了个人工作时间，从而避免裁员）。C项符合原文所述。

Passage Two

【主题分类】长篇文章听力：医疗健康

【高级表达】

1.    Herbal adj. 草药的，草本的

2.    Supplement n. 补充物品，补充成分

3.    Prescribe v. 开处方

4.    Dosage n. 剂量，用量

5.    Be wary of  小心翼翼的，警觉的

【关键句型】

1.     But your memory doesn’t need a cure. 

  但是你的记忆不需要药物治疗。

2. The other thing is that alot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. 

  另一件事是，很多补品并不一定是它们声称的那样。当你服用任何一种补品时，你都必须小心。

3.     They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard. 

  除非它们遵守一些行业标准，否则它们不会受到很好的监督。

【听力原文】

Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about these supplements is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure.

What your memory needs is a good work-out. So really those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them. They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard.

You don’t really know that what they sayis in there is in there. What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some Eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements.

In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained. And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country. The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be encountering or be at risk for.

Questions 12 to 15are based on the passage you have just heard.

12.What question is frequently put to the speaker?

13.What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?

14.What do we learn about memory supplements in Eastern cultures?

15.What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?

【答案解析】

12. A 原文提到 I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work（经常有人问我 ： 这些记忆保健品是否有效）。A 项与原文是同义替换，故选 A。

13. D 原文提到a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them（很多保健品并不会像他们承诺的那样有效，你吃这些保健品时也一定要小心。它们大多数都没有科学依据）。由此可知 D 是原文的同义转述。

14. D  原文提到尤其在东方文化中，保健品是医疗实践传统的一部分，后面又提到In fact, theyare prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that isunderstood by a practitioner who’s been trained （按一定的标准给人们开药，受过训练的从业人员清楚剂量的使用)。D 项是原文的同义转述。

15. B  原文提到 that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be encountering or be at risk for（将保健品与其他药物同时服用，你会遇到其他风险） 。由此可知 B 项是原文的同义转述。

SectionC

Directions:  In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Recording One

 【主题分类】讲座/录音听力：环境与发展

【高级表达】

1.   Witness  n.  证人, 目击者 /v. 见证， 为…做证

   
   

    2.   Typhoon  n.  台风

    3.   Epidemiology  n.  流行病学，传染病学

    4.    Catastrophic   adj.      灾难性的，毁灭性的

     5.   World Meteorological Organization    世界气象组织

     6.   Substantial  adj.  大量的，内容充实的，实质性的

【关键句型】

1.  Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it’s pretty simple.

   许多补救措施是众所周知的，从计划的角度来看，这很简单。

 2.Tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba.  But, the   

           development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. 

          以前，热带风暴每年在古巴会造成即使不是几百人的死亡，也会有几十人。 但早期预警系统的发展已经扭转了这一局势。

【听力原文】

The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands. A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than 2 million people.These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.The UN weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news.

“Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they may not be disasters.” Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes.

These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires. He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it’s pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them.

 From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level . The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action. It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend.

     In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only 7 people were killed. Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.

Questions 16 to 18are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.What is the talk mainly about?

17.How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?

18.What does the example of Cuba serve to show?

【答案解析】

16.D  通过第 17、18 题的选项可推测出本篇听力与自然灾害有关，并且引用不同国家的例子来说明采取预防措施的必要性。由此可判断 D 是全文的概括，故选 D。

17.B  原文提到：he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them （只有人们没有做好准备时，这些极端事件才会成为灾难）。此句暗示 ：如果有准备，就可避免遭遇自然灾害。故选 B 。

18.A  原文引用了古巴的例子，提到 ：The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action（世界气象组织引用古巴和孟加拉国的例子，指出这两个国家通过采取预防措施，成功地降低了由自然灾害引发的人员伤亡）。由此可知A项是原文的同义转述，故选A。

Recording Two

【主题分类】讲座/录音听力：经济

【高级表达】

1.  Obligation to do sth.  做…的义务，职责

2.  Housing   bubble      房产泡沫

3.   Credit  availability  信贷投放

【关键句型】

1.  The president may be giving the financial sector too much credit.

    

   总统可能给与了金融界太多的信任。

【听力原文】

As US banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayers, President Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. “The wayI see it are banks now having greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery,” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said.

After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans. Although he says the worst isover, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due. “So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so.” Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend.

But US Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently. “We’re probably more optimistic than the experts might be. With that in mind, we’re putting in everything we can, lending is the core to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risks.”

While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes—twice. “You know, forecasting’s become a very hazardous business so I don’t want to commit myself too much. I don’t think we know exactly what’s going to happen but it’s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.” If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.

Questions 19 to 22are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.What does President Obama hope the banks will do?

20.What is Martin Neil Baily’s prediction about the financial situation in the future?

21.What does US Bancorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?

22.What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?

【答案解析】

19. C  原文提到 The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery（我认为，银行现在有更大的义务，须帮助实现经济的大面积复苏）。C 项 contribute to是 have an obligation to的同义转述。

20. B  原文提到 He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial realestate loans come due（他预测，由于商业不动产贷款到期，小型地区性银行在 2010 年的破产概率会比较高)。由此可知 B 项是原文的复述。

21. D  原文提到 lending is the core to our engine, so we want to make more loans（借款是我们引擎的核心，所以我们想要发放更多的贷款）。由此可知 D 是原文的同义转述。

22. D  原文提到 If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus（如果经济开始再次萎缩，贝利说这将亟需第二次经济刺激)。D 是原文的同义转述。

Recording Three

【主题分类】讲座/录音听力：医疗与健康

【高级表达】

1.   Conclusive evidence    确凿的证据
   

2.   Cognitive decline      认知能力的下降 
   

3.   Scrutinize   v. 详细检查，审查
   

4.   Randomized  studies  随机化的研究； random adj. 随机的，任意的

【关键句型】

1.   …and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.

   并发现缺乏强有力的证据证明这些方法中的任何一种都可以产生巨大的效果

1.  However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.

   然而，考虑到至少有一些证据表明这些生活方式的改变会带来积极的影响，加上其他明

   显与认知能力下降无关的好处，Burk 愿意提供一些建议。

 【听力原文】

     A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age. Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as weage. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies. Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.

 Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “ In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial. Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.” Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke says that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher’s gold standard.  “Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not asimportant as being intellectually engaged.” The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.

“ I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important.” James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Questions 23 to 25are based on the recording you have just heard.

23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adult?

24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?

25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?

【答案解析】

23. A 原文提到 Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age（随着我们年龄的增长，最常见的认知能力衰退是学习新技能，或者回忆文字、名字和面孔的能力丧失）。由此可知A与原文所述相符，故选A。

24. A 原文提到  Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects（锻炼、规定饮食、认知刺激显示出一些积极的效果）。由此可知 A 是原文的重述，故选A。

25. C  原文提到 I think thatby having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline （我认为，从医学角度以及营养和认知刺激角度来看，人们选择健康的生活方式，就能降低认知能力衰退出现的概率）。由此可知 C项“努力改掉不健康的生活方式”符合题意。