Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer. from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Conversation One

【主题分类】长对话听力：工作与职场

 【高级表达】

1. Follow the pack  从众，随大流

2.  Cliché   n.    陈词滥调

3. Sniff the rose    细嗅蔷薇

   （出自英国诗人Siegfried Sassoon 1886-1967 的诗句 In me the tiger sniffs the rose. 心有 猛虎，细嗅蔷薇。喻指忙碌而远大的雄心亦会被美丽温柔所折服。）

4. Trickle down    涓流而下

5. Point-in-time innovation 在某个时间点进行的创新/紧迫的情形之下采取的创新

【关键句型】

   1. I really help things turn around.    我确实帮助公司（运营情况）好转。 

   2.  Instead of innovation for innovation’s sake… the company culture must switch from the … to…  

  不该为了创新而创新，公司文化应该从…向…转变。

【听力原文】

W: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.

M: I did, indeed.

W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.

M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.

W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?

M: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.

W: Was innovation at the core of the project?

M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliché, our world is constantly changing and it"s changing quickly.We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you’re lost.

W: No stopping to sniff the roses?

M: Well, I’ll do that in my personal life.Sure. But as a business strategy, I’m afraid there is no stopping.

W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?

M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy.

W: I see.

M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.

W: How did you align strategies throughoutthe company?

M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.

W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?

M: I'm certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.

W: But not if it's strategic?

M: Precisely.

W: Thanks for talking to us.

M: Sure.

Questions 1to4 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

1. What seems to have been very successfulaccording to the woman speaker?

2. What did the company lack before theman's scheme was implemented?

3. What does the man say he should do inhis business?

4. What does the man say is the risk ofinnovation?

【答案解析】

1.A  对话开头，女士就说 Mike 在 CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并且项目似乎非常成功。由此，可确定A为原文信息复现。

2.B 女士问到是否 CucinTech 命运的逆转完全归功于战略创新，男士作了肯定回答，并表达了他对CucinTech的看法，认为这个公司以前只是一味地随大流,重复别人的做法。由此可见，CucinTech 以前缺乏战略创新，所以选 B 项。

3.C  对话围绕战略创新展开，男士表达了自己对创新的看法，即“我们需要不断地创新，以跟上时代的步伐，停滞不前就等于落后”，接着他指出，“作为公司战略，创新没有止境”，所以在商业领域他应该做的就是 C 项“不断创新”。

4. D 对于创新，男士提出他的担忧，即经常导致被模仿，所以D项“被竞争对手模仿”是上文的同意表述。而A项“可能破产”、B项“难以预见的困难”和 C项“公司内部的冲突在对话中均未提及。

Conversation Two

【主题分类】长对话听力：职业介绍

【高级表达】

1. foreign correspondent    派驻国外的通讯记者

2. underrate  v.   低估，轻看
   

3. simultaneous  interpretation    同声传译

4. consecutive  interpretation  交替传译

5.  a chunk of language  一大段话

【关键句型】

1. There aren’t any interpreters …whodon’t have …

   (双重否定句型表达强调)没有哪一个口译员会没有…

2. Put your short-term memory under intense stress  短时记忆要面对非常大的压力

【听力原文】

M: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome.

W: Thank you.

M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.

W: There aren’t any interpreters I know who don’t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get profession after many years in the job.

M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.

W: That’s right. The techniques you use are different. And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.

M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.

W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.

M: You make notes, I presume?

W: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.

M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand.

W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.

Questions 5to8 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?

6.What does the man think of Dana'sprofession?

7.What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?

8.What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?

【答案解析】

5.A 对话开头就开门见山地介绍了一位口译嘉宾，接下来两人围绕着嘉宾的工作展开了一系列讨论。因此，选A项“一位口译者的工作”。

6.B 男士明确 I’m full of admiration for what you do，表明了他对Dana的工作充满了钦佩，A项“有希望的”、C项“值得的”和 D 项“有意义的”均不是男士对女士工作的看法。故选 B 项。

7.B 对话中，Dana 用一个双重否定句强调，她所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并经过专业训练。A项“他们都对语言很感兴趣”并未在对话中提及；女士并没有提到他们是否都通过了语言能力测试，故C项错误；而 D 项“他们都学习过跨文化差异”在对话中未提及。所以，B项“他们都具有专业资质”正确。

8.C 对话中，女士说大多数口译者都认为，与同声传译相比，交替传译更有压力，A项“它要求更多的词汇量”和 B项“它'更看重准确性”在对话中没有提及；根据对话，交替传译更考验人的短时记忆，D项“它考验人在更大压力下的长时记忆”与此相悖，故应排除。故选 C 项“它比同声传译更有压力”。

Section B   

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

【主题分类】长篇文章听力：健康

【高级表达】

1.     Breast-feeding    母乳喂养

2.   Lead  author     主要作者

3.  Sleep  disruption    睡眠干扰

4.    Infant death syndrome   婴儿死亡综合征

5.   Pediatrics 儿科， pediatrician  儿科医生

 【关键句型】

1.  The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be good for baby, but may take a toll in mum.

          以色列研究提示这样做对婴儿有益，但对母亲会造成伤害。

 【听力原文】

Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly duringthe night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in thesame room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept else where in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis. It‘s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn’t  measure fathers' sleep. So it's possiblethat their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies', but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

9. What is the long-held view about mothers' sleeping with new-born babies?

10.What do Israeli researchers' findings show?

11.What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?

【答案解析】

9.C 首句就指出，多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险，由此可选定C项。

10.D 以色列研究者发现，即使与婴儿睡在同一个房间，也会对妈妈产生负面影响，录音中只是提到很多被调查的妈妈都是母乳喂养，并没有提及母乳喂养对妈妈睡眠的影响，A项“母乳喂养的妈妈入睡更困难”没有依据；录音指出，与婴儿一起睡影响妈妈睡眠，B项“与婴儿一起睡的妈妈每晚需要更多睡眠”属于过度推断；录音中只是提及爸爸的睡眠模式可能影响妈妈，但是C项“妈妈的睡眠模式极大地影响新生儿的健康”在短文中并未提及。 D项中的impact是文中consequence的同义替换，故为正确答案。

11.B 为了减少婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间，A项“改变睡眠模式以适应她们的新生宝宝”并不是儿科学会建议的内容；C项“与宝宝睡在同一个家，但不同的房间”不符合美国儿科学会的建议；D项“采取预防措施以减少婴儿猝死的风险”属过度推断，录音中没有涉及预防措施。所以选B项。

Passage Two

【主题分类】长篇文章听力：语言文化

【高级表达】

1.  Revitalize  v.  使…复活， 使…复兴

2.  The last handful of  speakers    最后的一小部分语言使用者

3.    Accelerate the extinction of native languages     加速了本土语言的灭绝

【关键句型】

1.   Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don’t always believe their languages are

   endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. 

  这个问题的部分原因是，部落群体自己并不总是认为他们的语言处于濒危状态，直到他

  们只剩最后几个人会说这种语言。

   2.   In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by

      removing them from their homes and culture.

  在19世纪中期，美国政府采取了一项使印第安儿童美国化的政策，将他们从自己的文化和家

  园驱逐出去。

  【听力原文】

The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don’t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers.  But progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that’s the future," says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture.Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional story telling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on thepassage you have just heard.

12.What do we learn from the report?

13.For what purpose does Fred Nawuskyappeal for more funding?

14.What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages?

15.What does the speaker say about television?

【答案解析】

12.A 短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国已经丢失了超过 1/3 的本土语言，由此可选定 A 项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。

13.D 录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的Fred的话说“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来…需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，A项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是Nahwooksy呼吁的目的；C项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。可选定 D 项。

14.A 美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在19世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定 A项。

15.C 就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C项中的speed up与该句的accelerating同义,故为正确答案。

Section C   

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talksfollowed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.

Recording One

【主题分类】讲座/录音听力：社会经济

【高级表达】

 1.Laid-off worker  下岗员工

    2. Devastating  adj 毁灭性的

 3. Job opening   就业机会，职位空缺

【关键句型】

 1.  But the boost in investor confidenceneeded for the plan to work will take time.

       但是，增强投资者对这一方案得以实施的信心是需要的时间的。

 2.  Time… still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy.

  这段时间里，他仍需要购买食品和每月支付抵押贷款。他会用最后一点积蓄保住他工作

  了20 年才买的房子。

【听力原文】

GregRosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay."

At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He's cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. That’s where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.

Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So, here’s the job opening. Here's the job seeker. Match them together under one roof," she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince law makers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance.He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in invest or confidence needed for the plan to work will take time.Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he'll do.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?

17.What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing?

18.What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long term unemployed?

【答案解析】

16.A 本文以Rosen为例讲述了美国失业者的困境，其前段提到Rosen借助失业保险购买日用品、支付房款，在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半。因此A 项“在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半”正确。

17.B  文中Elizabeth Walsh表示，他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地谋差事，A 项“为庞大的失业人群创造就业岗位”和 D 项“筹措资金帮助那些没有失业保险的人们”均与 Elizabeth Walsh 透露的信息无关。C 项“说服当地立法者给与失业救济”是 99ers联盟的目标，都不正确。由此B“为失业工人提供培训和指导”为正确答案。

18.C 文章后段女士提到，Scott Petri 认为，要救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地建厂办公司，以创造更多就业岗位。因此，A 项“提供给他们自主创业所需要的贷款”、B 项“允许他们延迟偿还每月的抵押贷款”以及 D 项“鼓励大公司重新雇用那些靠政府救济生活的人”三项表述均缺乏原文依据。故C 项“通过鼓励私人投资在当地建立企业来创造更多工作岗位”正确。

Recording Two、

【主题分类】讲座/录音听力：环境

【高级表达】

1.  Irreversible adj.  不可逆转的

2.  Pronounced adj.  显著的，明显的

3.  Technological fix to sth.  技术解决方法

4. Equitably adv.   公正地，公平地

【关键句型】

1. The recent measurementsshow the lost is more pronounced than previously thought

  根据近期的测定，这种损失比以前所认为的更明显。

2. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone.

 这就变成了一个崩溃的过程，一切都在加速直到一切结束。

3.    Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.                            

      Wadhams  呼应了应急的需求。

4. We can’t switch off global warming just by being …

  我们不能仅仅通过…来阻止全球变暖。

【听力原文】

Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.

“Well, we’ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that’s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-yearice at all."

Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought.

^"We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years."Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who’s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since1971, says the decline is irreversible.

The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone."

Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. ^“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually,it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions."

Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December. “We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick."

Wadhams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So, we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off globalwarming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now."

Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and others cientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?

20.What does the report say about the Arctic region?

21.What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhamssay in his study?

22.How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

【答案解析】

19.D 文章开头就指出，Pen Huddle及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了 3 个月，对冰进行测量和记录。由此可选定 D项“他们对冰进行调查”。

20.D 文章前段女士指出，据最新的测量显示，极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。录音前段提到，覆盖在北冰洋的冰在 10 年后大约会减少 80%，而不说A项“80%的冰在夏季消失”；B项“大部分的冰是在过去的几百年累积成的”和 C项“冰确保了许多濒危物种的存活”在录音中并没有提及。D项中的 decrease 和 evident 分别对应 loss 和 pronounced，故为正确答案。

21.C  文章中段明确指出，剑桥科学家 Peter Wadhams 认为北极冰的减少不可逆转，故A项“北极冰是世界淡水的主要来源”、B 项“融化的北极冰已经淹没了很多沿海城市”和 D 项“北极冰对人类生存至关重要”均无根据.故 C 项“北极冰的减少不可逆”为正确答案。

22.D  文章最后Wadhams 明确表示，没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。A项“它将给人类造成巨大伤害”属过度推断；B 项“理解它不容易”在录音中并未提及；根据 Wadhams 所言，核技术将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化是否必然推动核技术进步不得而知，故排除 C项“它将推动核技术进步”。D 项中solution 对应录音中的 fix，故为正确答案。

Recording Three

【主题分类】讲座/录音听力:社会科学

【高级表达】

  1.  Abuser  n.    滥用者

  2.  Onmeasure of       以…的尺度，以…的标准

  3.  School curriculum     学校课程（curriculums/curricula为复数形式）

  4. Proceedings n.      公告，记录

      【关键句型】

             略

 【听力原文】

Froma very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, anew study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how achild’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even acriminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this groupof children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to dowith the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers,even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like  “ acting before thinking" and “persistence in reaching goals".

The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.

“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age 1 to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income."

Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.

“Even the children who had above-average self-control as preschoolers could  have benefited from more self-­control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later."

So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said it's still unclear why some childrenhave better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-­control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents. “Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is inpoor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So that’s not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."

But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ Status Decades Later" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23.What is the new study about?

24.What does the study seem to show?

25.What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?

【答案解析】

23.B   文中介绍了一项针对大约 1000 名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的。故B项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”为正确答案。

24.D  文中指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响，A项“单亲家庭出来的孩子在 30 多岁会经历一个困难期”和 B 项“有犯罪前科的人大部分来自单亲家庭”；C项“父母必须学着在孩子面前有自制力”在录音中并未提及。因此 D 为正确答案。

25.A  文章最后指出，Moffitt带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力。 B 项“自制力可以改善人们的经济状况”属于过度推断；C 项“自制力问题在孩子小的时候就可被察觉”和 D 项“自制力问题随着一个人的成长而消失”在文中均未提及。