Conversation one

【主题分类】长对话(单选题）社会问题类型

【高级表达】

1.survey：调查;测量

2.human resources consultancy：人力资源顾问

3.work-life balance：生活工作的平衡

【关键句型】

1.  the key factor contributing to happiness at work：使人在工作中获得幸福感的主要原因

2.mainly motivated by：主要由…激发

3.described themselves as:把他们自己描述为

4.the higher people go in a company, the happierthey are.在公司职位越高，幸福感越强。

5.put their relationship with colleagues as the keyfactor contributing to happiness at work,他们与同事之间建立的良好关系是在工作中产生幸福感的关键因素。

【听力原文】

W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today's program ,we are looking at the results of two recently published surveys , which both deal with the same topic一Happiness at Work. John , tell us about the first survey.

M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy who interviewed more than 1,000 workers and established a top 10 of the factors which make people happy at work. The most important factor, for the majority of the people interviewed, was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one's achievements recognized and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.

W: So we are not mainly motivated by money ?

M: Apparently not.

W: Any other interesting information in the survey?

M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as very happy at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.

W: That's quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

M: It is, isn't it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey.  First of all, small is beautiful. People definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking,women were happier in their work than men.

W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?

M: And workers on part-time contracts who only work 4 or 5 hours a day are happier than those who work full-time. These searchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

W: Are bosses happier than their employees?

M: Yes. Perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

【答案解析】

预览四道题各选项，由enjoyable work, friendly colleagues等词可以初步推测，对话内容与愉快的工作环境有关,再结合small size, well managed, balance work and life等词可以进一步推测，对话内容涉及影响愉快的工作环境形成的因素，如公司规模、领导方式、工作与家庭的平衡等问题。

1. What is the number one factor that made employees happy according to the survey?

B)对话中，男士明确指出,在人力资源咨询公司的调查结果中，列出了前十项能够使人们开心工作的因素，最重要的因素就是拥有友好的、能够提供支持的同事，有73%的人都认为这是最重要的一项。因此答案为B)。

2. What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?

B)对话中，男士提到，有20%的雇员认为自己在工作中不开心。因此答案为B)。

3. What kind of companies are popular with employees?

A)对话中男士说，调查显示，在雇员心中，小即是美，人们更愿意在总人数低于100的小机构或小公司中就职。也就是说,小规模的机构或公司更受员工欢迎，答案为A)。 

4.What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?

C)对话接近末尾处,男士说，那些每天只工作4个小时或5个小吋的兼职人员，比全天工作的人感到更加快乐，研究人员总结说，这有可能是因为这些人能更好地平衡工作和家庭的关系。因此答案为C)。

 Conversation Two

【主题分类】长对话（单选题）  社会问题类型 

【高级表达】

1.alarming articles：发人警醒的文章

2.climate catastrophe：气候灾难

3.looming:逼近的，越来越近的

【关键句型】

1. This fear of a looming danger：对迫在眉睫的危险的恐惧

2.it’s a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappearsunder water. 整个欧洲海岸线都会消失在水中,这只是个时间问题。

3.Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, 水城威尼斯，这座城市一直在受到海水的威胁

【听力原文】

W: Mr. De Keyzer, I am a great lover of your book, Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in the subject matter?

 M: In 2006,when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of  water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline.As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen,I stared looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

W:  You wrote in the book “ I don’t want to photograph the disaster; I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen. ” Can you talk a bit about that?

 M:  It is clear now that it’s a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, reaching history, before it's too late一as a last witness.

 W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?

 M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy No.1. For example, thereis the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landingsite. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.

W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

【答案解析】

预览四道题各选项，由第5题选项中的a book, an introduction, a collection of photos可以初步推测，对话与某本出版物有关;再结合第6〜8题选项中的When, Europe, waterways, boats等词可以进一步推测,对话内容”及该出版物的创作或出版吋间，并且该出版物与欧洲的水域有。

5.What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?

D)对话开头,女士问男士是怎么对Moments Before the Food这一主题产生兴趣的，男士说，当时他正好有一个工作机会,需要拍摄一系列以水为主题的照片，而那时关于一场气候灾难即将到来的消息铺天盖地，以，对迫在眉睫的危险的恐惧使他产生了拍摄Moments Before Food这一大型图片书的想法。因此答案为D。

6.When did the man get his idea for the work?

C)男士明确指出,2006年，布鲁日市音乐厅请他为即将到来的音乐节拍摄一些以水为主题的照片，用于制作宣传图册，此吋他萌发了拍摄Moments Before the Food这一项目的想法。因此答案 C)。

 7.What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?

A)对话中男士说，显然整个欧洲海岸线都会消失在水中,这只是个时间问题。因此答案为A)。

 8.What does the man say about Venice?

D）对话末尾,男士提到水城威尼斯，他说这座城市一直在受到海水的威胁,在那里每天早上需要搭起木质通道才能让游客进入酒店。因此答案为D）。

Passage one

【主题分类】听力篇章（选择题）心理问题

【高级表达】

1.    rehearse：彩排，预演

2.    negative goal setting：消极目标的设定

3.    skillful closing argument很专业精彩的结辩

【关键句型】

   When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied, “ I don't want to look too inexperienced；I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial. This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don’ts”syndrome, a form of negative goal setting. The“don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures. Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself  “Don't hit the ball into the water,” his mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go. Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial, and this time she said, “I want to look professional and self-assured. I tell her to create a picture of what“self-assured” would look like. To her it meant moving confidently around the courtroom, using convincing body language and projecting her voice so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.

【答案解析】预览四道题各选项，由选项中出现的preparations, anticipating their defeat, mental images, anticipate possible problems, Picture themselves succeeding可以推测，短文主要讨论的是人们在重大事件之前的心理活动与预期。

9.    What do some people do when they face a new situation?

C)短文开头指出，面临新情况时，有些人会花费大量的时间来想象最糟糕的情形，进行失败过程的排练。因此答案为C)。

10.  What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?

D)短文中提到,斯坦福大学进行的研究显示，想象与实际做某事对神经系统有着同样的影响，比如说，如果高尔夫运动员总是对自己说“不要把球打到水里去”，他的脑海中会描绘高尔夫球掉进水里的场景，所以不难想象球最终会打到什么地方去。由此可见，思维与实际操作对神经系统有着同样的影响，答案为D)。

11.  What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?

C)短文中提到，当面对压力时,只关注你想要其发生的事情。也就是说，不要关注失败,而是去想象希望发生的事情，答案为C)。

12.  What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?

B)短文末尾提到，经过了那次有信心的彩排，几个星期后，那位女律师真的赢了那个案子。因此,她赢了(人生中)第一次庭审，答案为B)。

Passage two

【主题分类】听力篇章 科普知识

【高级表达】

1.adolescence青少年  

2.long-standing evidence 长期存在的证据

3.female hormone level雌性激素水平

4. breast cancer 乳腺癌

【关键句型】

1.   Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. 研究表明在青少年的饮食中加入高纤维的食品能降低患乳腺癌的风险。

2.  their eating habits were tracked for two decades.追踪研究她们的饮食习惯二十年。

3.  The fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels,纤维能够降低人们体内的雌性激素循环水平

【听力原文】 |

Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains.  Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital, finds it  hard to get teenage patients' attention about healthy eating by telling them that eating lots of high fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age.That's a powerful message. The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This importantstudy demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years ,the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life. Thefinding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, weat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore , a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day一men even more.

【答案解析】预览三道题各选项，由avoid developing breast cancer, change in food preferences, fiber, eating habits,adolescence等词可以推测，短文内容与青少年的饮食习惯与乳腺癌的发病率之间的关系有关;结合第 15题选项语义可知,短文揭示了饮食中所包含的纤维的功效。

13.  What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?

C)短文开头部分提到，研究发现，在青少年的饮食中加入食物纤维可能有助于降低他们罹患乳腺癌的风险。因此答案为C)。

14.  What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?

D)短文中提到,在一项基于对44 000名女性的研究中，研究人员调查了她们高中吋期的饮食，并且进行了长达20年的饮食习惯追踪。也就是说，这项研究从她们青少年期就追踪其饮食习惯，故答案为D)。

15.  What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?

A)短文末尾提到，研究指出，纤维能够降低人们体内的雌性激素循环水平，摄入的纤维越多，可能体内的激素水平就会越低。换句话说，纤维有降低体内激素的功效,故答案为A)。

Recording one

【主题分类】  听力篇章（选择题）经济

【高级表达】

1.consumer behavior：消费者行为

2.From the consumers’perspective：从消费者的角度

3.Online and  offline behavior: 线上和线下的行为，即网上购物行为和实体店购物行为

【关键句型】

1.it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK, and indeed,world society。随着老年人在英国，事实上是全世界人口中所占的比例越来越大，老年人的行为习惯成为当下大家主要关注的课题。

2.Markets always change faster than marketing ,so we have to look at what consumers are doing .市场的变化总是快过市场营销策略的变化，所以我们必须关注消费者在干什么。

3.last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analysed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers.去年他的学生花了一周的时间去关注并且详细分析他们自己的购物情况，以及他们与商业零售银行、手机供应商之间的关系。

【听力原文】

(16) Well, my current research is really about  consumer behavior. So recently, I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to government. At the moment. I've also looked at how older people are represented in the media.Again, it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK, and indeed, world society.  I'm also interested    in    how consumers operate online and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops. Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumers’ perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumers’ perspective.(17) For example, in the case of young people's drinking, one of the things that I've identified is that drinking for people, say, between the ages of 18and 24 is all about the social activity. A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about how consumers change . Markets always change faster than marketing ,so we have to look at what consumers are doing . Currently I teach consumers behavior to undergraduates in their second year ,and we looked at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.So they get involved by looking at advertising and recently critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it, and getting involved, sometimes doing primary research. (18)For example , last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too .The fact of the matter is that there is a whole range of interesting research out there. And I think as the year  go  on, there is going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

【答案解析】}通过预览选项发现，三道题之间并无明显关联。由第16题选项中的Observing, Conducting, Studying, Investigating等词可以推测，该题与行为或目的有关;第17题需要首先确定It所指代的内容，然后选出正确选项;第18题各选项均以They开头，同样需要先确定They所指代的人群，然后进行选择。

16.    What is the speaker currently doing?

B) 讲座开头,讲话者提到他最近研究的是消费者行为这个课题。因此，他正在做的事情就是研究消费者行为，答案为B)。

17.  What has the speaker found about young people's drinking?

D)讲座中提到，讲话者的一项发现就是,年龄在18至24岁的人饮酒属于社会活动。因此答案 D)。

18.  What does the speaker say that his students did last year?

A)讲座中讲话者说，去年他的学生花了一周的时间去关注并且详细分析他们自己的购物情况，以及他们与商业零售银行、手机供应商之间的关系。即讲话者的学生去年做的事情就是用一周的吋间研究他们自己的购物行为，答案为A)。

Recording two

【主题分类】 仔细阅读（选择题）社会经济

【高级表达】

 1.do away with：摒弃，废除

2.government-backed digital currency 政府支持的电子货币

3.cashless society 无现金社会

4.keep trackof their spending.记录自己的消费

【关键句型】

1．the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency西方国家正向着无实体货币社会的方向迈进。

2. we are doing online purchases and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our ha【答案解析】预览四道题各选项，由money, currency等词可以初步推测，讲座内容与货币有关;再结合各选项中的 give up paper money, without carrying any physicalcurrency, accepted cash only 等词可以进一步推颔, 讲座内容与实体货币的使用以及电子货币日渐普及的趋势有关。

19.  What do we learn about Sweden?

D)。讲座开头第一句便提到，瑞典是欧洲第一个印刷并且使用纸币的国家,但是该国有可能很快会废除实体货币。因此答案为D)。

20.  What did Claer Barrett want to find out with her experiment?

C)。讲座中明确提到,Barrett想要确认实体货币的消失是否会导致人们花更多的钱，因此她决定做一个实验。因此答案为C)。

21.  What did Claer Barrett find on her train ride?

C)。讲座中明确提到，在Barrett的实验过程中，她乘坐了一列火车，火车上的广播说餐车无法使用信用卡，也就是说餐车只能接受现金。因此答案为C)。

22.  How did people of the last generation budget their spending?

A)。Barrett说她的父母年轻吋会把钱放进信封来做预算。他们拿到工资后会马上把钱分成几份并放进不同的信封，以此确定自己每周的支出。因此，上一代人预算支出的方式是把钱放入信封，答案为A )。

Recording three

【主题分类】 听力篇章（选择题）社会科学

【高级表达】

1.demography 人口统计学

2.the aging of the population人口老龄化

3.migration between countries 人口在国与国之间的迁徙流动

4.intervene more wisely and more effectively更加睿智、更加有效地对现实世界进行干预

5. fertility 生育

6. overlap.重合，重叠

7. unintended pregnancies意外怀孕

8.it is the means to:这是...的方法

【关键句型】

1.It's not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses, like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy, all that provide you with meat.人口统计学不仅研究人的数量，还研究非人类的其他物种的数量，包括病毒，如流感，细菌，你吃的植物，养的宠物，为你提供肉类的所有动物。

2.I see demography as a central subject related to economics.我认为人口统计学是和经济学密切关联的一门关键学科。

3. a billion people are chronically hungry.十亿人口还长期处于饥饿状态。

4. Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems.人口统计学为你提供了很多工具去理解和表述这些问题。

 【听力原文】

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college ? You will be growing up in the generation where the babyboomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries, and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen, and as a taxpayer, and as a voter, what's really behind the arguments.

(23) I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population, so let's start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don't have infrastructure to take the garbage away. They don't have secure water supplies to drink. Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can't read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women. And about 200 to 250 million women don't have access to birth control they want, so that they can't control their own  fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. (24) About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.

Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It's not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses, like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy, all that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical model as tools of analysis. I see demography as a central subject related to economics. (25)It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world to improve the wellbeing not only of yourself, important as that maybe, but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.

【答案解析】预览三道题各选项，由Population, species, overpopulation等词可以初步推测，讲座内容与人口问题有关;再结合选项中的hunger, Extinction, deterioration, essential,wellbeing, attention 等词可以进一步推测,讲座内容涉及人口问题所引发的其他问题。

23.  What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?

B)。讲座屮提到,讲话者会“一下人口的过去、现在以及将来,并接着指出现在有十亿人口长期处于饥饿状态，也就是说，他们从早上睁开双眼到晚上闭上眼睛睡觉始终处于饥饿状态。因此答案 B)

24.  What does the speaker say about pregnancies?

B) 讲座屮提到，全球范围内，大约有半数怀孕是意外怀孕。因此答案为B)。

25.  How does the speaker view the study of populations?

A)。讲座末尾讲话者提到，人口统计学是更加睿智、更加有效地对现实世界进行干预，从而改善人类以及地球上所有物种的生活状态的方法。因此，它对地球上所有物种的幸福都至关重要，答案为A )。