儿童口腔医学（全英文）

儿童口腔医学教研室

目录

  • 1 Examination of the mouth and other relevant structures; Behavior management in pediatric dental clinic
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Examination and behavior guidance
    • 1.3 Summary
  • 2 Dental caries in the child and adolescence (1)
    • 2.1 The overall introduction
    • 2.2 Classification and Prevalence
    • 2.3 Impact Factors and Hazard
    • 2.4 Strategy for dental caries control and prevention
  • 3 Dental caries in the child and adolescence (2)
    • 3.1 Caries management strategies
    • 3.2 Treatment for caries of primary teeth
    • 3.3 Treatment for caries of immature permanent teeth
    • 3.4 Caries control and prevention
    • 3.5 Cases study
    • 3.6 Summary
  • 4 Pulp therapy for primary and immature permanent tooth 
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Diagnosis of the pulp status
    • 4.3 Treatment plan for primary teeth
    • 4.4 Treatment plan for immature permanent teeth
  • 5 Management of dental trauma for primary and immature permanent tooth 
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Introduction to Dental Trauma
    • 5.3 Fractures of Permanent Teeth
    • 5.4 Luxations and Avulsion of Permanent Teeth
    • 5.5 Dental Trauma of Primary Teeth
    • 5.6 In-class Review and Case Discussion
  • 6 Periodontal and mucosal diseases in children
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Periodontal diseases in children
      • 6.2.1 Gingival diseases in children
      • 6.2.2 Periodontitis in children
    • 6.3 Mucosal diseases in children
  • 7 Prevention and treatment for early orthodontic problems
    • 7.1 What is early-age orthodontic treatment
    • 7.2 Why is early-age orthodontic treatment needed
    • 7.3 When and How to imply early-age orthodontic treatment
    • 7.4 Conclusion
  • 8 Early interceptive orthodontic treatments
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Introduction to management of occlusal development
    • 8.3 Occlusive guidance and anomalies of the development of teeth
    • 8.4 Oral habits
  • 9 Lab 1. Morphology of the primary and immature permanent teeth. Radiographic Techniques
    • 9.1 Morphology of the primary and immature permanent teeth.Radiographic techniques
  • 10 Lab 2. Preventive resin restoration 
    • 10.1 Preventive Resin Restoration
  • 11 Lab 3. Strip crown and composite resin restoration for primary incisors
    • 11.1 Composite-Resin and Strip Crown Restoration for Primary Incisors
  • 12 Lab 4. Stainless Steel Crown restoration for primary molars
    • 12.1 Stainless Steel Crown Restoration For Primary Molars
  • 13 Lab 5. Design and manufacture for space maintenance of early loss of deciduous molar
    • 13.1 Design and manufacture for space maintenance of early loss of deciduous molar
  • 14 Lab 6. #ONLINE ONLY# Orofacial muscle training for oral habits
    • 14.1 Orofacial muscle training for oral habits
Classification and Prevalence

2.2 Classification and Prevalence of Dental Caries


1.Challenges on Caries Management in Children




2.Classification for dental caries in primary teeth




Key points:

Dental caries can be classified by the severity of the lesion, site of the lesion, rate of lesion progress and hard tissue affected.

The severity the lesion：

  • Enamel/cementum caries

  • Superficial dentin caries

  • Deep dentin caries


Site of the lesion：

  • Occlusal surface

  • Interproximal surface

  • Cervical surface

  • Smooth surface (Labial/buccal/lingual)

 

Rate of the progression：

  • Acute caries/active caries

  • Chronic caries

  • Arrested caries

  • Recurrent caries


3.Special terms of dental caries



Key points:


 (1) Early childhood caries (ECC)

 The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) defines early childhood caries (ECC) as the presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated), missing (as a result of caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months (6 years) of age or younger.

  • Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC)

    In children younger than 3 years of age, any sign of smooth-surface caries is indicative of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

  • Nursing caries

    Breastfeeding more than seven times daily after 12 months of age is associated with increased risk for ECC. Nighttime bottle feeding with juice, repeated use of a sippy or no-spill cup, and frequent between-meal consumption of sugar-containing snacks or drinks (e.g., juice, formula, soda) will increase the risk of caries.

  • Circular caries

    Decay at the labial/proximal surfaces of primary anterior teeth, progress to extensive circular lesion aaround the crown. Coronal middle 1/3 to cervical 1/3 is prone to the circular caries. There is early carious involvement of the maxillary anterior teeth, the maxillary and mandibular first primary molars, and sometimes the mandibular canines.

 (2) Rampant caries

Rampant caries has been defined by Massler as a “suddenly appearing, widespread, rapidly burrowing type of caries, resulting in early involvement of the pulp and affecting those teeth usually regarded as immune to ordinary decay.”



4. Prevalence, Age and Site Specificity of Caries



Reference material

  • Several studies in the United States report caries prevalence in children age 4 years and under as ranging from 38% to 49%. Vargas and colleagues reported that 27.4% of a sample of 3889 children from 2 to 5 years of age had at least one decayed or filled primary tooth. Fifty-seven percent of the children with proximal lesions in primary molars in the primary dentition developed additional primary molar proximal lesions in the mixed dentition. Children with faciolingual decay (nursing caries) were at the highest risk of any group for developing additional caries lesions.