5.4 Luxations and Avulsion of Permanent Teeth

                                                                                                                              

① Luxations

② Avulsion

③Review  

                                                                                                                

Extended Reading:

  ◆ Sensibility tests


    → Sensibility testing refers to tests (cold test and/or electric
 pulp test) attempting to determine the condition of the
 pulp. At the time of injury, sensibility tests frequently 
give no response indicating a transient lack of pulpal 
response. Therefore, at least two signs and symptoms are
 necessary to make the diagnosis of necrotic pulp.
 Regular follow up controls are required to make a 
pulpal diagnosis.

 ◆ About using the anesthetics after the denal trauma

    → Patients and guardians are recommended to do 
replantation at the place of accident without anesthesia. 

    → 
In the clinic, however, where local anesthetics are
 available, there is no need to omit local anesthesia, 
especially as there are often concomitant injuries. 

    → Con
cern is sometimes raised whether there are risks of 
compromising healing by using vasoconstrictor in the 
anesthesia. Evidence is weak for omitting vasoconstrictor 
in the oral and maxillofacial region and must be further 
documented before any recommendations against the use
 of it can be given. 

    → Block anesthesia may be considered as an alternative 
to infiltration anesthesia in more severely injured areas
 and must be related to the clinicians' experience of such
 blocking techniques.