Passage 1
【主题分类】仔细阅读:论说文(美国政商界的性别不平等导致高层缺乏女性)
【高级表达】
Dominate the corporate boardroom 主持公司董事会
Be indistinguishable from 没有区别
A key barrier 主要障碍
Career interruptions 职业中断
Make major advances in the workplace 在职场上取得重大进步
【关键句型】
1. Most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. 大多数美国人认为,在智力和创新能力等关键的领导特质上,女性与男性没有什么区别。
2. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.。只有大约五分之一的人表示,商界和政界的女性高管之所以不多,其主要原因是女性肩负了太多的家庭责任。
3. Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. 相反,约 40%的美国人认为,最主要的原因是那些想要跻身政界或商界高层的女性需要面对双重标准,她们必须比男性做得更多来证明自己。
4. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance incorporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. 因此,尽管女性在职场上取得了重大进步,但在可预见的未来,公众对美国公司内部的不平衡状况是否会发生改变意见不一。
5. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime. 在政治方面,美国人对此更有信心:73%的人希望在有生之年能见到一位女性总统。
【答案解析】
46. D. 根据文章第一段最后一句“...most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation,”可知,大多数美国人认为,在智力和创新能力等关键的领导特质上,女性与男性没有什么区别。故选 D。
47. C. 根据第三段最后一句 “ Only about one-in-fivesay women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.”可知,之前的调查认为女性的家庭责任会令其更难推进职业生涯,也很难在工作中去竞争高管职位。故选 C。
48. B. 根据第四段第一句“Instead, topping the list of reasons...do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves.”可知,阻碍女性担任高层领导职位的主要因素是女性需要面对双重标准,即人们对女性有性别歧视。故选 B。
49. D. 根据最后一段第一句“...the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace.”可知,尽管女性在职场上取得了重大进步,但在可预见的未来,公众对美国公司内部的不平衡状况是否会发生改变意见不一。因此对于是否会有更多的女性领导人,人们有不同的意见。故选 D。
50. A. 根据最后一段最后一句“Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.”可知,大多数美国人希望能有女性在政府中担任最高职位。故选 A。
Passage 2
【主题分类】仔细阅读:现象(长高了的时代)
【高级表达】
Key role 主要作用
Hoot up 迅速成长
Be associated with 相关,有关
Nutritional and health crises 营养和健康危机
Reach their full potential in terms of height 充分发挥身高潜力
【关键句型】
1. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.” 一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁人群的平均身高。
2. An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role. 一个人的基因对其身高有很大的影响,但是一旦把他们的身髙平均到整个人群中,基因的作用就不那么重要了。
3. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy. This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular disease among taller people. 个子越高,
4. 预期寿命越长。这主要是由于高个子人群死于心血管疾病的风险较低。
5. How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in. If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come. 我们现在有多高,很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响,如果我们现在就给孩子们最好的人生开端,那么他们在未来几十年里会更健康、更有所成就。
【答案解析】
51. B. 根据文章第一段最后一句“A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between1914 and 2014.”可知,一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁人群的平均身高。根据第二段内容可知,全球大多数国家身高都有明显的增长。故选 B。
52. C. 根据文章第三段第二句“An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role”可知,基因对个体的影响大于对整个人群的影响。故选 C。
53. A. 根据文章第四段内容可知,埃利奥·诺里博利认为稍微高一点儿会带来很多好处。个子越高,预期寿命越长。由此可知,个子越高,活得越久。故选 A。
54. B. 根据第五段第二句“While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.”可知,尽管乌干达人和尼日尔人的身高在20世纪初呈增长趋势,但近年来这一趋势发生了逆转,18 岁人群的身高呈下降趋势。由此可知,乌干达和尼日尔的 18 岁人群实际上比他们的前几代人更矮。故选 B。
55. D. 根据文章最后一段最后两句“How tall we are now... will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”可知,边沁认为我们应确保我们的孩子在一个 理想的环境中成长。故选 D。