News report 1

【主题分类】大学生心理健康

【高级表达】

Be expert at                        在……方面精通

Wreck habits                      破坏习惯

At an increased risk           增加风险

Have poor attendance        出勤率低

Be better off                        过得更好

【关键句型】

1. Parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. 聚会、考试准备、个人问题和一般压力会破坏学生的睡眠习惯，对身心都有不良影响。

2. On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. 最重要的是，一项发表在《学习与记忆》杂志上的新研究发现，睡觉可能比在最后时刻准备考试要好。

3. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills. 早上学游戏的人失去了一些技能

【听力原文】

You probably think college students are expert at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech University is even offering a class called “Improving Your Sleep Habits”. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. 200 college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, but they did much better after getting a good night’s sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.

【答案解析】

Q1. What is the news report mainly about?

[考核技能] 概括总结

[参考答案]B

[答案解析]由 How，Why及对应选项概述可判断，本题与新闻的主题相关；原文开始介绍睡眠不好对身心的不良影响：sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and mind ；中间提到 you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for your test（睡觉可能比做考前最后的准备更利于考试）；最后又强调 So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep（如果想做好自己的工作，不要忘记睡觉）；由此可知，本则新闻主要介绍睡眠为何重要，所以本题选B。

Q2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning and Memory?

[考核技能]语义理解

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]根据原文：a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better sleeping than making last-minute preparations for your test（睡觉可能比做考前最后的准备更利于考试），由此可知本题选D。

News Report 2

【主题分类】管理

【高级表达】

Delayed flights                   延误航班

Complain about                  抱怨

Discourage … from            劝阻……去做……

Be directed at                      针对……

Sell off assets                      变卖资产

【关键句型】

1. Long queues, delayed flights and over-crowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. 在英国，排长队、航班延误和机场人满为患几乎和传统的抱怨天气一样成为人们谈论的话题。             

2. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority. 很多批评是针对英国机场管理局的。

3. The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. 他们的想法是，竞争对手之间的竞争将导致机场更好的服务。

【听力原文】

Long queues, delayed flights and over-crowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile, there are complaints that poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority, which runs 7 major airports, including the 3 main ones serving London. The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.

【答案解析】

Q3. What is the Competition Commission going to investigate?

[考核技能]事件背景

[参考答案]C

[答案解析]根据录音原文 the Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets（竞争委员会在评估是否需要出售英国机场管理局的部分资产），选项中C完全符合原文。

Q4. What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority?

[考核技能] 缘由结果

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]根据录音原文 the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity （根本原因不在所有制结构，而是跑道和航站楼的承载能力不足）, 所以本题 D正确。

News Report 3

【主题分类】经济

【高级表达】

Under the law     根据法律

Be popular with     很受欢迎

Addicted nature    上瘾的天性

Get hooked    上瘾

Be frank with    对……很坦率

【关键句型】

1.  Many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it ' s more than that.许多人倾向于认为创新就是创造新的东西，但事实上它不仅仅是这样。

2.  A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.公司应当找到不仅要在产品上创新，还要在功能、商业模式和流程上创新的途径。

3.  It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.除非有一个可重复的过程，把灵感转化为金融投资的回报，否则一切毫无意义。

【听力原文】

Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. 116 brands were looked at for this study. 92 were found to have higher nicotine yield than they did 6 years previously. The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addicted nature of nicotine. Stan Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why: “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every cigarette is 10 percent higher than it was 6 years ago, which means that it’s easier to get hooked and harder to quit. The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”

【答案解析】

 Q5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?

[考核技能]方式方法

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]根据录音开始 Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results（按照马萨诸塞州的法律，烟草公司必须测量每种香烟的尼古丁含量并进行结果报告）, 故本题选 A。

Q6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?

[考核技能]得出结论

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]根据卫生厅报告 The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers（尼古丁含量增加最多的牌子，大多是受年轻烟民欢迎的牌子），A项符合录音的表达，故本题选A。

Q7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies?

[考核技能] 得出结论

[参考答案] C

[答案解析]本题问从这些大型烟草公司身上，我们能了解到什么？根据录音原文 However, none of them would prepare to comment on this or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products（然而，这些公司却不准备解释或讨论香烟里尼古丁的具体含量）, 可知选项C符合原文，故选 C。

Conversation 1

【主题分类】教育

【高级表达】

    Follow up    跟进

    Make a real effort     努力去做事

    No substitute for     没有替代品

    In a relaxed atmosphere     在轻松的气氛中

    Help out 帮助

【关键句型】

        ...prefer to make a call if I’ m in a hurry. 

      如果我赶时间，我宁愿打电话。

        People kept text-messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. 

      大家一直在给我发短信，所以我觉得有必要学习如何发短信。

        Text messaging actually sort of has to do with your age. 发短信实际上和你的年龄有关。

【听力原文】

M: And, you know, one thing that I wanted to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia. And following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want at least to be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this? W: Yeah, it’s really hard. That’s the real struggle, because right now I do live in Holland but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people. And my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want. All I have to do is to turn on the TV.

M: And reading also, right?

W: Yeah, reading. There is plenty I can get to read and listen to. But for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, probably… try to find a club? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called “study circles” where it’s not. It’s like a course, but really you just have a course leader, who’s there sort of as a coaching guy and to help out. And you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.

【话题预测】从第 8—11 题的选项中可知，出现最多的是language，speak，practice等。由此可预测本对话与学习和练习语言有关。

【对话大意】女士就在非英语国家如何学习英语提出自己的建议和学习的方法。

【答案解析】

Q8. Where does the woman live right now?

[考核技能]语义理解

[参考答案] B

[答案解析]四个选项均是地点，可知本题问 where 的相关问题，根据录音原文 right now I do live in Holland（目前我确实住在荷兰），故本题选B）Holland。

Q9. What does the woman say is the real challenge?

[考核技能]态度信息

[参考答案] C

[答案解析]根据原文录音 So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken（我认为真正的挑战是生活在一个不讲目标语的国家）, 所以C项正确。

Q10. What does the woman suggest do to learn to speak a foreign language?

[考核技能]观点意见

[参考答案] B

[答案解析]女士认为最大的困难是生活在不讲目标语的国家，紧接着提到 If I didn’t have people here, probably... try to find a club（如果我在那里没认识的人，我也许会找个俱乐部）。言外之意, 练好外语就是要尽可能地多与人交流，即 Trying to speak as much as one can。所以本题选 B。

Q11. What does the woman say about the “study circles” in Sweden?

[考核技能]态度信息

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]女士在介绍如何练习说外语时，提到了 the “study circles” in Sweden（瑞典的学习圈）是如何帮助学生说外语的，并在最后总结道 you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn（你去那不是为了分数，而是真的想学习）, 即这个学习圈为学生提供了练外语的机会，故本题选 D。

Conversation 2

【主题分类】旅游交通

【高级表达】

Be stricter on the rules 更严格执行规定

Jump the traffic lights 不按交通灯示通行

Speed limits时速限制

Within ability range 在能力范围内

Speed bumps 减速带

【关键句型】选取材料中3-5个重要的句型，中英双语

1.     Car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engine. 汽车制造商应该在限制发动机功率方面承担一些责任。

2.     What’s the point in producing an engine? 生产发动机的意义是什么?

3.     Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving. 德国人对开车时的个人责任受过更好的教育。

4.     It’s the restriction that creates the dangers sometimes.是限制造成了危险。

【听力原文】

W: OK, Nathan, so, we’re talking about driving, and are there any rules or regulation that you’d like to change?

M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like, if people jump the traffic lights. I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or at speeding. It is very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.

W: Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engine. What’s the point in producing an engine that’s big and powerful enough to go like 200 kilometers an hour when the speed limit is only 100?

M: Right. But do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?

W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often, people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive within their ability range. When you’ve got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.

M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?

W: Possibly, they also have very good cars.

M: Right.

W: If you’ve got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that. M: But still with care.

W: So I think it’s the restriction that creates the dangers sometimes.

M: OK.

W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.

M: Speed bumps.

W: Yes, speed bumps, those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are a good idea.

M: So you don’t think fining people is useful?

W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver

【话题预测】由 12—15 题选项中多次出现的 cars，drive，traffic，safety 等可预测本对话会涉及到交通规则或安全驾驶。

【对话大意】男士和女士就驾驶中遇到的交通规则、限速、罚款等安全问题互相交换自己的意见。

【答案解析】包括问题答案预测，答案定位，选项分析等

Q12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

[考核技能]概括总结

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]录音开头女士问男士对于驾驶的规则和规范，想要哪方面的改变（are there any rules or regulation that you’d like to change）? 由此可知二者的对话将围绕 rules and regulations展开，所以本题D，其他选项都不属于rules and regulations的范畴。

Q13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do?

[考核技能]观点意见

[参考答案] C

[答案解析]录音中女士提到 Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engine（也许汽车生产商有责任限制发动机的马力）, 即女士认为生产商应该生产马力较小的汽车，所以本题选C) Make cars that are less powerful。

Q14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?

[考核技能]得出结论

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]录音中男士提到 Germany 时说道: there are no speed limits in Germany （德国没有限速）, 女士同意其观点: People there do drive responsibly, though（然而人们开车都很负责）。所以本题选 A)They tend to drive responsibly。

Q15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers?

[考核技能] 态度信息

[参考答案] B

[答案解析]男士问女士 So you don’t think fining people is useful（所以你认为罚款没用吗）, 女士的回答是 Not really（没什么用）, 所以本题选 B) It is not useful。

Passage 1

【主题分类】科技

【高级表达】

Cash register 收银机

Swipe one’s credit card 刷……的信用卡

Out of desperation 出于绝望

Produce tricks 制造诡计

Be named after以……命名

【关键句型】

1.  The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic strip. 

    商店的读卡器未能扫描卡片的磁条。

2.  Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. 

    如今摇摇欲坠的经济可能会产生更多这样的把戏。

3.  Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing non-functioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. 

    美国人找到了自己的窍门，用简单的纸和胶水来固定没有功能的设备。

【听力原文】

Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic strip. Azar tried again and again, no luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag. He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success, the sale was completed. “I don’t know how it works. It just does,” said Mr. Azar, who learned the trick from another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store’s card reader would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. But it’s one of the many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered often out of desperation and shared. Today’sshaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. “In postwar Japan, the economy wasn’t doing so great, so you couldn’t get everyday used items like household cleaners,” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for “clever lifestyle tips and tricks.” So people look for ways to do with what they had. Today Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing non-functioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some like Mr. Azar’s plastic bag are open to argument as to how they work, or whether they really work at all. But many tech-home remedies can be explained by a little science.

【话题预测】根据第 16—18 题选项中重复出现的 credit card，card reader 和 high-tech 等可预测，本短篇内容与日常生活中信用卡的支付或高科技有关。

【篇章大意】本文通过讲述顾客用塑料袋套在信用卡上以顺利完成支付的事件，引出人们总能通过小的技巧解决一些生活上的高科技难题。

【答案解析】

Q16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?

[考核技能]事件背景

[参考答案] C

[答案解析]根据录音原文 Sam Azar 刷信用卡时发现商店的读卡器无法扫描信用卡上的磁条（The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic strip），所以本题选 C。  

Q17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete the sale?

[考核技能]方式方法

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]根据录音原文 Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag. He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success, the sale was completed（Azar 从柜台下拿出一个黑色塑料袋，裹在信用卡上，再一试，交易成功了），所以本题选 A。

Q18. What is today’s shaky economy likely to do?

[考核技能]缘由结果

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]录音原文提到 But it’s one of the many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures… Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks（这是其中一个低科技搞定高科技失误的例子……当下动荡的经济很可能产生更多的技巧），所以本题 D 项正确。

Passage 2

【主题分类】教育

【高级表达】

Assign…to …为……指派…...

Be based on 基于……

In any case无论如何

Distribution of credits学分分配

Direct your questions to your departmental office把你的问题直接问你的部门办公室

【关键句型】

1.     Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students.  学术部门给研究生分配学术导师的程序各不相同。

2.     In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. 在其他院系，根据院系导师分配制度的规定，为新生指派一名导师。

3.     In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation, when you near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. 此外，当你接近完成你的毕业要求的时间，申请毕业是必要的。

【听力原文】

If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming and examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you are a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer. In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point of average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation, when you near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.

【话题预测】根据第 19—21 题选项中重复出现的 university，undergraduates，students等可预测本篇话题与大学生活和学习相关。

【篇章大意】本篇概述了大学导师的职责，不同研究生院选择导师的不同流程以及毕业要求。

【答案解析】

Q19. What does the speaker say about procedures for assigning academic advisers?

[考核技能]态度信息

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]短文录音提到 Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students（不同的学院对于研究生选择导师有不同的程序）, 所以本题选 D。  

Q20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisers are?

[考核技能]方式方法

[参考答案] C

[答案解析]录音中提到 new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information（新学生可以通过拜访或发邮件给院系办公室询问信息，获悉他们的导师或临时导师）, 所以本题选 C。

Q21. What does the speaker say about graduation requirements?

[考核技能]方式方法

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]对于毕业的要求，录音有提到Graduation requirements specify the number of credit you must earn, the minimal grade point of average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study（毕业要求具体规定了必须修满的学分，你必须取得的最低平均成绩点数，以及在不同院系或专业课程中必须获取的相应学分），故本题选 A。

Passage 3

【主题分类】人物与文化

【高级表达】

Arrange for … to安排……去做……

Place emphasis on强调

Establish connection with与……建立联系

Popular culture大众文化

Over the years多年来

【关键句型】

1.  Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. 她最担心的是美国文化对苗条的强调，以及这对当今女孩的负面影响。

2.  They will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. 他们会觉得私下问她问题或和她交谈很舒服。

3.  She then talks about health issue and the physical damage that can occur as the result of dieting. 然后她谈到健康问题和节食可能造成的身体伤害。

【听力原文】

Jody Hubert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the states to speak in middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition but more important, she has personal experience, her mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Jody has created several different presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issue and the physical damage that can occur as the result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. Sometimes Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting; other times she feels that she fails.

【话题预测】根据选项中出现的与饮食相关的词语 nutrition，health，dieting，thin 等可预测，本篇短文主要内容与减肥或饮食健康有关。

【文章大意】本篇叙述了节食和营养专家 Jody Hubert 经常给同学们开讲座，传递真正美丽的概念，并说服女孩子不要过度节食。

【答案解析】

Q22. Who did Jody Hubert primarily speak to?

[考核技能]主要人物

[参考答案] B

[答案解析]短文录音提到 She primarily speaks to students in health classes（最初她主要在健康课上给学生讲课），所以本题选 B。

Q23. What is Jody Huber’s biggest concern about American culture?

[考核技能]态度信息

[参考答案] D

[答案解析]根据短文录音：Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative way this affects girls today（她最大的担忧是美国文化对瘦的强调，以及它对女孩所产生的负面影响）, 所以本题选D。

Q24. Why does Jody Hubert show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?

[考核技能]缘由结果

[参考答案] C

[解题技巧]由录音原文： She shows them pictures… and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life（她向同学们展示流行文化中漂亮女人的照片和形象，并解释了电脑如何使女人比现实生活中更瘦更漂亮），所以 Jody 展示照片的原因是向同学们解释电脑上的美女形象都具误导性，故本题选 C。

Q25. What is Jody Hubert’s main purpose in giving her speeches?

[考核技能]缘由结果

[参考答案] A

[答案解析]录音最后提到 Sometimes Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting; other times she feels that she fails（有时Jody觉得自己成功说服了学生停止节食；有时感觉自己没做到）。所以 Jody 给学生开讲座是为了阻止学生节食, 所以本题选 A。