Questions 16 to 18 are based on therecording you have just heard.

16.A) They will root out native species altogether

B) They will crossbreed with native species

C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem

D) They contribute to a region's biodiversity

17.A) Their distinctions are artificial

B) Their definitions are changeable

C) Their interactions are hard to define

D) Their classifications are meaningful

18.A) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized

B) Few of them can survive in their new habitats

C) They may turn out to benefit the local environment

D) Only a few of them cause problems to native species

听力原文及翻译：

Governments, private groups and individuals spendbillions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that areconsidered dangerous to ecosystems, and to prevent the introduction of newintruders.

政府、私人团体以及个人每年都花费了大量的金钱来清除那些被认为会危害当地生态系统的外来生物，以及预防新入侵者的引入。

But a number of scientists question the assumption thatthe presence of alien species can never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem.

这一观点却受到了很多科学家的质疑，他们对这些外来物种永远也不会融入当地自然生态系统这一看法持怀疑态度。

They say that portraying introduced species as inherentlybad is an unscientific approach.

他们说把外来物种描述成有害的是不科学的。

"Distinctions between exotic and native species areartificial," said Dr. Michael Rosenzweig, a professor of evolutionarybiology at the University of Arizona,

亚利桑那大学进化生物学教授迈克尔·罗森茨维格博士说，外来物种和本地物种的区分是人为的。

"because they depend on picking a date and callingthe plants and animals that show up after that date 'exotic.'"

“因为他们依赖于选择一个日期，把这一天结束后出现的植物和动物称为‘外来物种’”

Ecosystems free of species defined as exotic are, bydefault, considered the most natural.

默认情况下，没有外来物种的生态系统被认为是最自然的生态系统。

"You can't roll back the clock and remove allexotics or fix habitats," Dr. Rosenzweig said.

罗森·茨威格博士说：“你不能让时间倒流，消除所有外来物种，或者修复栖息地。”

"Both native and exotic species can become invasive,

“本土和外来物种都可能成为入侵物种，

and so they all have to be monitored and controlled whenthey begin to get out of hand."

因此，当它们开始失控时，所有物种都必须受到监视和控制。”

At its core, the debate is about how to manage theworld's remaining natural ecosystems and about how, and how much, to restoreother habitats.

这场辩论的核心是如何管理世界上现存的自然生态系统，如何以及多大程度上恢复其它栖息地。

Species that invade a territory can harm ecosystems,agriculture, and human health.

入侵物种可能会损害生态系统、农业和人类健康。

They can threaten some native species or even destroy andreplace others.

它们可以威胁到一些本土物种，甚至摧毁和取代其它物种。

Next to habitat loss, these invasive species representthe greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide, many ecologists say.

许多生态学家表示，物种入侵仅次于栖息地的丧失，是全世界生物多样性的最大威胁。

Ecologists generally define an alien species as one thatpeople, accidentally or deliberately, carried to its new location.

生态学家通常将外来物种定义为人们偶然或故意带到新地点的物种。

Across the American continents, exotic species are thoseintroduced after the first European contact.

美洲大陆上的外来物种是在第一次接触欧洲后引进的。

That date, rounded off to 1500 AD, represents whatecologists consider to have been a major shift in the spread of species,including crops and livestock,

那一天，约在公元1500年，标志着生态学家所认为的物种（包括农作物和牲畜）传播的重大转变。

as they began to migrate with humans from continent tocontinent.

当他们开始和人类一起从一个大陆迁移到另一个大陆的时候。

"Only a small percentage of alien species causeproblems in their new habitats,"said Don Smith, professor of ecology andevolutionary biology at the University of Tennessee.

“只有一小部分外来物种给新栖息地带来麻烦，”田纳西大学生态学和进化生物学教授唐·史密斯说。

"Of the 7,000 alien species in the United States-outof a total of 150,000 species-only about 10 percent are invasive," hepointed out.

他指出：“美国物种达15万，7000是外来物种，只有10%属于入侵物种。

The other 90 percent have fit into their environments andare considered naturalized.

另外的90%已经适应了环境，被归化了。

Yet appearances can deceive, ecologists caution,

然而，生态学家警告说，这些表象可能并不是真的，

and many of these exotics may be considered acceptableonly because no one has documented their harmful effects.

而且，这些外来物种中有许多可能被认为是可接受的，只是因为没有人记载过它们的有害影响。

What is more, non-native species can appear harmless fordecades, then turn invasive.

更重要的是，几十年内非本地物种可能会看起来无害，然后变得具有侵略性。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

根据你刚才听到的录音回答16-18题。

16. What assumption about introduced species ischallenged by a number of scientists?

问题16：许多科学家对引进物种的假设提出了质疑。

17. What does Dr. Michael Rosenzwei think of exotic andnative species?

问题17：迈克尔·罗森茨维格博士对外来和本地物种有何看法?

18. What does Professor Don Smith say about alienspecies?

问题18：关于外星物种，唐·史密斯教授说了些什么?

Questions 19 to 21 are based on therecording you have just heard.

19.A) Adopt the right business strategies

B) Attend their business seminars

C) Respect their traditional culture

D) Research their specific demands

20.A) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence

B) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month

C) Giving them gifts of great value

D) Showing them your palm

21.A) They have a break from 2: 00 to 5: 30 p. m.

B) They have a strong sense of worth

C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic

D) They are very easy to satisfy

听力原文及翻译：

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!

女士们，先生们，早上好！

And welcome to the third in our series of businessseminars in the program-Doing Business Abroad.

欢迎来到海外业务第三系列商业研讨会。

Today we are going to look at intercultural awareness,that is, the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English,

今天我们来谈谈跨文化意识，也就是说，不是每个人都来自英国，不是每个人都说英语，

and not everyone does business in the British way. Andwhy should they?

并不是每个人都采用英国人做生意的方式。他们为什么这样做呢?

If overseas business people are selling to us, then theywill make every effort to speak English and to respect our-traditions andmethods.

如果外国商人来英国做生意，他们会尽力说英语且尊重英国的传统及做事方式，

It is only polite for us to do the same when we visitthem. It is not only polite.

如果英国人想要去其他国家做生意，出于礼貌也应该尊重对方的传统。

It is essential if we want to sell British productsoverseas.

如果我们想把英国产品销往海外，这是至关重要的。

First, a short quiz. Let's see how interculturally awareyou are.

首先是一个小测验，让我们看看你的跨文化意识有多强。

Question 1: Where must you not drink alcohol on the firstand seventh of every month?

问题1：每个月的第一个月和第七个月你不能在哪里喝酒?

Question 2: Where should you never admire your host'spossessions?

问题2：哪个地方不应该欣赏主人的东西?

Question 3: How should you attract the waiter during abusiness lunch in Bangkok?

问题3：曼谷有一次商务午餐，你应该如何吸引服务员?

And Question 4: Where should you try to make all yourappointments either before 2:00 or after 5:30 p.m.?

问题4：下午2点之前或者下午5点半之后你应该在哪里安排所有的约会？

OK. Everyone had a chance to make some notes? Right.

每个人都有机会做笔记吗?

Here are the answers-although I am sure that theinformation could equally well apply to countries other than those I havechosen.

以下是答案——我相信这些资料除了适用于我选的这些国家，同样适用于各国，

So No.1, you must not drink alcohol on the first andseventh of the month in India.

第1题，在印度，每个月的第一天和第七天你都不能喝酒。

In international hotels you may find it served,

你会发现国际饭店供应酒水，

but if you are having a meal with an Indian colleague,remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of thosedates.

但如果你是在这两个日子里和印度同事一起吃饭，记得不要点啤酒。

2. In Arab countries, the politeness and generosity ofthe people is without parallel.

第2题，阿拉伯国家的人们是无比礼貌和慷慨的。

If you admire your colleague's beautiful golden bowls,you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present.

如果你很欣赏同事漂亮的金碗，他们很有可能会把东西送给你。

This is not a cheap way to do your shopping,however,

这不是一种便宜的购物方式，

as your host will, quite correctly, expect you to respondby presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty.

你的主人也会期待你送一份同样美丽有价值的礼物作为回赠。

In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands,or just shouting "Waiter!"

在泰国，敲手指、拍手、或者大喊“服务员!”

will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiterhimself and, most of all, you!

会让东道主、其他客人、服务员、最主要是让你难堪！”

Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous wavinggesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results.

掌心向下，做一个不显眼的手势，会产生即时的满意效果。

And finally, in Spain, some businesses maintain thepattern of working until about 2 o'clock and then returning to the office from5:30 to 8:00, 9:00 or 10:00 in the evening.

最后，在西班牙，一些企业通常会在下午两点下班，然后到晚上五点半再上班，上到晚上八点、九点或者十点。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

根据你刚才听到的录音回答19-21题。

19. What should you do when doing business withforeigners?

问题19：和外国人做生意你应该做什么?

20. What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?

问题20：和你的印度同事共事你必须避免做什么?

21. What do we learn about some Spanish business people?

问题21：关于西班牙商人，我们了解到了什么?

Questions 22 to 25 are based on therecording you have just heard.

22.A) He had the company' s boardroom extensively renovated

B) He completely changed the company's culture

C) He took over the sales department of reader's Digest

D) He collected paintings by world-famous artists

23.A) Its articles should entertain blue-and pink-collar workers

B) It should be published in the world's leading languages

C) It should be sold at a reasonable price

D) Its articles should be short and inspiring

24.A) He served as a church minister for many years

B) He knew how to make the magazine profitable

C) He treated the employees like members of his family

D) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life

25.A) It carried many more advertisements

B) Its subscriptions increased considerably

C) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman

D) Several hundred of its employees got fired

听力原文及翻译：

Shortly after he took over the Reader's DigestAssociation in 1984,

1984年乔治·格鲁恩接管读者文摘集团后不久，

George Grune unlocked the company's boardroomand announced that the room was now open to theemployees.

打开了公司董事会会议室的门，向全体员工开放了董事会房间。

It was a symbolic act, indicating that under Grune'sleadership, Reader's Digest was going to be different.

这是一个标志性的举动，表明在格鲁恩的领导下，《读者文摘》将会有所不同。

True to his word, Grune has shaken up the culture here.

正如格鲁恩自己所说的那样，他颠覆了该公司原有的企业文化。

To get an idea of the culture we're talking about, consider the boardroom Grune opened up.

要了解文化，不妨想想格鲁恩会议室开放的情况。

It has artworks that any museum in the world would want to collect, paintings by many world-famous artists like Monet and Picasso.

这里有世界上任何一家博物馆都想收藏的艺术品，比如世界著名艺术家莫奈和毕加索的许多作品。

Its headquarters houses some 3,000 works of art.

总部大约有3000件艺术品。

The main building is topped with a Georgian Tower with four sculptures of the mythical wingedhorse, the magazine's corporate logo.

主建筑顶部是乔治塔，上面有四尊神话中的飞马雕塑——该企业集团的标识。

It sits on 127 acres of well-trimmed lawns.

该建筑坐落在127英亩修剪整齐的草坪上。

The editor's office used to be occupied by founder Dewitt Wallace,

编辑办公室曾经被创始人德惠特·华莱士占用，

who, along with his wife, Lila Acheson Wallace, launched Reader's Digest in 1922 with 

condensed articles from other publications.

1922年，德惠特·华莱士和妻子莱拉·艾奇逊·华莱士创办了《读者文摘》，收录了其他出版物的精华文章。

It has become the world's most widely read magazine, selling 28 million copies each month in17 languages and 41 different editions.

《读者文摘》已成为世界上最受欢迎的杂志，每月出售2800万份，包含17种语言和41个不同版本。

The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formula for their "littlemagazine" as Reader's Digest was originally subtitled.

华莱士二人都出生于牧师家庭，最初杂志叫“little magazine”，“读者文摘”是副标题，他们对文章有一个明确的要求——

Articles were to be short, readable and uplifting. Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain.

简短易读，但要有激励人心或是让人愉悦的效果，

The Wallaces didn't accept advertising in the US edition until 1955 and even then they didn'tallow any ads for cigarettes, liquor or drugs.

直到1955年，华莱士夫妇才接受了美国版的广告，而且他们不允许任何香烟、烈酒或毒品的广告。

The Wallaces also had a clear sense of the kind of workplace they wanted.

华莱士夫妇知道他们想要什么

It started as a mom-and-pop operation, and the childless Wallaces always consideredemployees to be part of their family.

这家杂志最初采用家庭经营的运作方式，华莱士夫妇没有子女，他们把员工当成家庭成员来对待。

Employees still tell stories of how the Wallaces would take care of their employees who had metwith misfortunes and they showered their employees with unusual benefits,

员工们还讲述华莱士夫妇如何照顾不幸员工的故事，他们还向员工提供了非同一般的福利，

like a turkey at Thanksgiving and Fridays off in May. This cozy workplace no longer exists here.

就像感恩节的火鸡，5月的周五休息。这些舒适的工作场所已经不复存在了。

The Wallaces both died in their nineties in the early 1980s.

二十世纪八十年代，夫妇二人去世。

George Grune, a former ad salesman who joined Reader's Digest in 1960 has his eye focusedon the bottom line.

乔治·格鲁恩接手公司，他曾是一名广告推销员，1960年加入《读者文摘》。

In a few short years, he turned the magazine on his head.

在短短的几年里，杂志改头换面。

He laid off several hundred workers.

他解雇了几百名员工。

Especially hard hit were the blue- and pink-collar departments, such as subscription fulfillment.

首当其冲的是蓝领和粉领部门，比如订阅部门。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

根据你刚才听到的录音回答22-25题。

22. What did George Grune do in 1984?

问题22：乔治·格鲁恩在1984年做了什么?

23. How did the Wallaces define the formula for Reader's Digest?

问题23：夫妇是如何定位《读者文摘》的?

24. What do we learn about the founder of Reader's Digest Dewitt Wallace?

问题24：关于《读者文摘》的创始人德惠特·华莱士，我们了解到了什么?

25. What change took place in Reader's Digest after the Wallaces' death?

问题25：华莱士死后，读者文摘发生了什么变化?