专业外语

李法云

目录

  • 1 PART I：INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1 Importance
    • 1.2 The Logic of Science
    • 1.3 Further Reading
  • 2 PART II: CRASH COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ECOLOGY MAJORS
    • 2.1 History of Earth
    • 2.2 Population Ecology
    • 2.3 The Population Growth
    • 2.4 Community Ecology (1)
    • 2.5 Community Ecology (2)
    • 2.6 Ecological Succession
    • 2.7 Ecosystem Ecology
    • 2.8 Hydrological Cycle and Carbon Cycle
    • 2.9 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ecology
    • 2.10 Human's Impact on Environment
    • 2.11 Pollution
    • 2.12 Conservation  Ecology and Restoration Ecology
  • 3 PART III: PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
    • 3.1 Climate and the Distribution of  Life on Earth
    • 3.2 Physiological Ecology
    • 3.3 Population Growth
    • 3.4 Interspecific Competition
    • 3.5 Ecological Communities
    • 3.6 Energy and Matter in Ecosystems
    • 3.7 The Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 4 PART IV: PAPER WRITING
    • 4.1 How to Write a “Good” Paper
    • 4.2 The Writing Process
    • 4.3 Format and Other Technical Details
    • 4.4 General Considerations
    • 4.5 Title
    • 4.6 Abstract
    • 4.7 Introduction
      • 4.7.1 Establishing the Field and Its importance
      • 4.7.2 Citing other research in the field
      • 4.7.3 Pointing out a gap in the field knowledge
      • 4.7.4 Giving a preview of what you did in the present study
      • 4.7.5 Alternate form
    • 4.8 Research journal article--Experimental Section/Model Description
    • 4.9 Research journal article--Results
    • 4.10 Research journal article-Discussion
    • 4.11 Research journal article--Acknowledgments and References
    • 4.12 Research journal article--Legends for tables and illustrations
    • 4.13 Oral Presentation
    • 4.14 Writing to the Editor
    • 4.15 Lecture
    • 4.16 AI helps academic
Oral Presentation

13. Oral Presentation

After or sometimes before preparing your manuscript, you may have a chance to present your work in English as an oral presentation at an international conference. In preparing for such a presentation, remember that it is very difficult to listen to very technical reports. Here are some ways you can make your report easier to listen to.


1.     Speak slowly. 

　

2.     Look at the audience as much as possible. [Do not read from a manuscript; of course, you can look at your notes but try to look at people in the audience as much as possible. Also be careful that you do not talk to the OHP screen!] 

　

3.     If you can use visual aids, present the title of your talk and your name and affiliation on an OHP sheet (or other visual aid) at the beginning of your talk. [The title is very important because it should be the summary of your talk and should include the main keywords.] 

　

4.     Present an outline of your talk on an OHP sheet to show your audience what you will be telling them. 

　

5.     Check the pronunciation and the stress pattern of the important key words of your talk. 

　

6.     Use discourse signals (see below) to guide the audience through your talk. 

　

7.     Use short sentences. 

　

8.     Use nouns rather than pronouns if there is any chance of misunderstanding; don’t worry about redundancy. 


Discourse signals for oral presentations

Here are some sample phrases that you can use to present guiding signals during your presentation. Can you think of any others that you have heard?

　

At the beginning

Thank you for coming to my presentation

Thank you for coming today.

I am very happy to be able to present my work to you.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman...

　

　

Previewing

Today I would like to tell you about...

My talk today is on ...

　

　

Connection to main part of presentation.

As you know...

As is well known...

First, let me describe the theoretical background of our work

Recently,...

　

　

Connection to subsequent portion

Now let me

Next, let us see

Now let us move on to

　

　

Concluding

These findings/results led us to conclude that

　

　

Ending

Thank you for your attention.