10. Research journal article-Results
The results must be stated as clearly as possible. Use figures, tables, and other visual image presentations when possible but not to excess.
10.1 PAIL for the Results section of your research article
P | Presents your results in a clear, easy-to-understand manner |
A | Is a colleague who is interested in your work and wants to know your data |
I | *Gives the reader the necessary information *Does not include information which should be in the Materials and Methods section *Does not merely repeat information in the figures and tables *Does not include unnecessary tables and figures (See Example 10.1.) *Does not discuss your results unless this section is combined with the Discussion section but can include short comments on them |
L | *Uses different verb tenses to present different information: Something done during the study--past tense Something in the paper itself (figure, table, text)_ present tense Something which is generally accepted as true--present tense Comment on the results--present tense or modal/tentative verbs |
Let us examine the following Results section from a paper.
10.2 Exercise: Underline the verbs in the following passage. In the extreme right column, write in the symbol of the function for which you think the verb is being used.
Verb functions
L = | Locate position of results in paper |
P = | Refer to something done in the study |
G = | Refer to something generally considered to be true |
C = | Comment briefly on result |
1 | DDD clones were isolated from a barley cDNA library | |
through functional complementation of an E. coli hemA mutant. We | ||
obtained 2,000 clones after the first screening of 5 x 1010 primary | ||
transformants and randomly chose two clones for further analysis. | ||
5 | These clones are designated as BBA and CCA. Their deduced | |
amino acid sequences are aligned with that of BBH (XXX, 1996), | ||
as shown in Fig. 1. They seem to have originated from the same gene, | ||
since only one base is different between them. The difference probably | ||
arose from the difference in cultivars used. They contain two | ||
10 | successive ATG codons at the start of their reading frames.... We named | |
the gene ... |
Now try doing the same for a portion of the Results section from your own paper?

