专业外语

李法云

目录

  • 1 PART I:INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1 Importance
    • 1.2 The Logic of Science
    • 1.3 Further Reading
  • 2 PART II: CRASH COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ECOLOGY MAJORS
    • 2.1 History of Earth
    • 2.2 Population Ecology
    • 2.3 The Population Growth
    • 2.4 Community Ecology (1)
    • 2.5 Community Ecology (2)
    • 2.6 Ecological Succession
    • 2.7 Ecosystem Ecology
    • 2.8 Hydrological Cycle and Carbon Cycle
    • 2.9 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ecology
    • 2.10 Human's Impact on Environment
    • 2.11 Pollution
    • 2.12 Conservation  Ecology and Restoration Ecology
  • 3 PART III: PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
    • 3.1 Climate and the Distribution of  Life on Earth
    • 3.2 Physiological Ecology
    • 3.3 Population Growth
    • 3.4 Interspecific Competition
    • 3.5 Ecological Communities
    • 3.6 Energy and Matter in Ecosystems
    • 3.7 The Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 4 PART IV: PAPER WRITING
    • 4.1 How to Write a “Good” Paper
    • 4.2 The Writing Process
    • 4.3 Format and Other Technical Details
    • 4.4 General Considerations
    • 4.5 Title
    • 4.6 Abstract
    • 4.7 Introduction
      • 4.7.1 Establishing the Field and Its importance
      • 4.7.2 Citing other research in the field
      • 4.7.3 Pointing out a gap in the field knowledge
      • 4.7.4 Giving a preview of what you did in the present study
      • 4.7.5 Alternate form
    • 4.8 Research journal article--Experimental Section/Model Description
    • 4.9 Research journal article--Results
    • 4.10 Research journal article-Discussion
    • 4.11 Research journal article--Acknowledgments and References
    • 4.12 Research journal article--Legends for tables and illustrations
    • 4.13 Oral Presentation
    • 4.14 Writing to the Editor
    • 4.15 Lecture
    • 4.16 AI helps academic
Research journal article--Results

10. Research journal article-Results

The results must be stated as clearly as possible. Use figures, tables, and other visual image presentations when possible but not to excess.

10.1 PAIL for the Results section of your research article

P

Presents your results in a clear, easy-to-understand manner

A

Is a colleague who is interested in your work and wants to

know your data

I

*Gives the reader the necessary information

*Does not include information which should be in the Materials and Methods section

*Does not merely repeat information in the figures and

tables

*Does not include unnecessary tables and figures (See

Example 10.1.)

*Does not discuss your results unless this section is

combined with the Discussion section but can include

short comments on them

L

*Uses different verb tenses to present different information:

Something done during the study--past tense

Something in the paper itself (figure, table, text)_

present tense

Something which is generally accepted as true--present

tense

Comment on the results--present tense or

modal/tentative verbs

Let us examine the following Results section from a paper.

10.2 Exercise: Underline the verbs in the following passage. In the extreme right column, write in the symbol of the function for which you think the verb is being used.

Verb functions 

L = 

Locate position of results in paper 

P = 

Refer to something done in the study 

G = 

Refer to something generally considered to be true 

C = 

Comment briefly on result 

1

DDD clones were isolated from a barley cDNA library 



through functional complementation of an E. coli hemA mutant. We 



obtained 2,000 clones after the first screening of 5 x 1010 primary 



transformants and randomly chose two clones for further analysis. 


5

These clones are designated as BBA and CCA. Their deduced 



amino acid sequences are aligned with that of BBH (XXX, 1996), 



as shown in Fig. 1. They seem to have originated from the same gene, 



since only one base is different between them. The difference probably 



arose from the difference in cultivars used. They contain two 


10

successive ATG codons at the start of their reading frames.... We named 



the gene ... 


Now try doing the same for a portion of the Results section from your own paper?