3.2 The writing process

But before we proceed any further, let us give a little consideration to the writing process itself. The writing procedure recommended by many English composition courses and textbooks for native English speakers is the following:

• Brainstorm

• Organize information (often called outlining)

• Write first draft

• Leave first draft for a while (several days to a week)

• Read first draft

• Edit and rewrite it

• Repeat draft editing and rewriting as necessary

In addition, for a paper for a professional journal, the following are also recommended:

• Have an informed colleague read your draft

• Rewrite according to recommendations

The list could go on with the addition of several rewrites, which usually is what happens when you submit a paper for consideration for journal publication. The journal editor returns the paper with suggestions for revision based on the referees’ or reviewers’ comments. Actually, if this happens you should be very happy because, first of all, the manuscript was not rejected outright, and in the second place, you now have valuable comments on how your manuscript can be improved.

Although you may use a different approach to writing the first draft, what you should note is the numerous times that rewriting appears in the process. This means that writing is not a one-shot process. You should be prepared to work with your manuscript as though you are shaping an object of clay--working and reworking it until you achieve the piece you are aiming for. This is what professional writers do, this is what you should be prepared to do.

The effecitive way to writing a paper:

作者对自己实验/试验数据的反复琢磨，根据同行论文的常用格式形成完整清楚的图表，交努力将这些图表串成一个逻辑性强的故事，概略性地列出结果部分的小标题。

数据处理务必在写文章之前做好。

完成数据处理后，作者可以先写材料与方法，接下来撰写结果，然后写引言和讨论，在作者对结果特别熟悉及创新性具有很好的把握之后，用简洁的语言撰写摘要。

每一位作者写作的习惯不同，没有刻板的通用写作模式。

重要提醒：

常见的学术不端行为