大学英语（四）

蔡放

目录

  • 1 Part I Writing
    • 1.1 Narrative writing
      • 1.1.1 News report
    • 1.2 Descriptive writing
    • 1.3 Cartoon-style writing
    • 1.4 Argumentative writing
    • 1.5 Practical writing
    • 1.6 专项写作：视频
    • 1.7 四级写作历年真题
  • 2 Part II Listening Comprehension
    • 2.1 Section A News reports
      • 2.1.1 1961 News report 1
      • 2.1.2 1961 News report 2
      • 2.1.3 1961 News report 3
      • 2.1.4 Word Tests
      • 2.1.5 1962 News report 1
      • 2.1.6 1962 News report 2
      • 2.1.7 1962 News report 3
      • 2.1.8 18121 News report 1
      • 2.1.9 18121 News report 2
      • 2.1.10 18121 News report 3
      • 2.1.11 18122 News report 1
      • 2.1.12 18122 News report 2
      • 2.1.13 18122 News report 3
    • 2.2 Section B Long conversations
      • 2.2.1 1961 Conversation 1
      • 2.2.2 1961 Conversation 2
      • 2.2.3 1962 Conversation 1
      • 2.2.4 1962 Conversation 2
      • 2.2.5 18121 Conversation 1
      • 2.2.6 18121 Conversation 2
      • 2.2.7 18122 Conversation 1
      • 2.2.8 18122 Conversation 2
    • 2.3 Section C Passages
      • 2.3.1 1961 Passage 1
      • 2.3.2 1961 Passage 2
      • 2.3.3 1961 Passage 3
      • 2.3.4 1962 Passage 1
      • 2.3.5 1962 Passage 2
      • 2.3.6 1962 Passage 3
      • 2.3.7 18121 Passage 1
      • 2.3.8 18121 Passage 2
      • 2.3.9 18121 Passage 3
      • 2.3.10 18122 Passage 1
      • 2.3.11 18122 Passage 2
      • 2.3.12 18122 Passage 3
  • 3 Part III Reading Comprehension
    • 3.1 Section A
      • 3.1.1 Word Tests
    • 3.2 Section B
      • 3.2.1 Exercises
    • 3.3 Section C
      • 3.3.1 1961 Exercise 1
      • 3.3.2 1962 Exercise 2
      • 3.3.3 1963 Exercise 3
      • 3.3.4 18121 Exercise 1
      • 3.3.5 18122 Exercise 2
      • 3.3.6 18123 Exercise 3
  • 4 Part IV Translation
    • 4.1 Brief Introduction of Translation
    • 4.2 Translation of  Proper Names
    • 4.3 General Principle of Translation
    • 4.4 Translation of Sentences and Modifiers
    • 4.5 Translation of Words
    • 4.6 Exercises from previous tests
    • 4.7 Model Exercises
Practical writing
  • 1 概述
  • 2 应用文句型
  • 3 四级真题

一、概述

英文信函有以下六个部分组成：发信人的地址和写信日期，收信人的地址，对收信人的称呼，信函正文，发信人的结尾套话，发信人的签名。

1.发信人的地址和写信日期(Heading)

通常是写在第一页的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进去写；行尾可用也可不用标点符号。这里我们要注意的是，写地址由小到大，先写门牌号码、街名。再写市名、州(省)名，邮编，最后写国名。这与中文书信由大到小正好相反。如：

 

 

123 Tianhe Road

 

Tianhe District

 

Guangzhou 510620

 

Guangdong Province, PRC

 

January 8, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    日期的写法有英、美两种格式，英国顺序为“日、月、年”，美国写法为“月、日、年”，如： 28 Oct., 2014/ Oct. 28, 2014。

2.收信人的地址(Inside Address)

    在事务信函中还要写清收信人的姓名、地址；在私人信函中，这一部分常常省略。收信人的姓名和地址写在(对收信人的)称呼上面，其格式和发信人的姓名、地址一样。   

3.(对收信人的)称呼(Salutation)

对收信人的称呼应与左边线对齐写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。

在私人信函中可以直呼收信人的名字，但在事务信函中一定要写收信人的姓。

如：

1）Dear Jim /Mary,

2）DearProfessor/Prof. Bergen:

Dear Mr. Johnson,

　　如果收信的女性婚姻状况不详，可用Ms.称呼。

如果收信人的姓名不详，可以用这样的称呼：

3）Dear Sir,(或DearMadam)，如果不知收信人的性别，可用Dear Sir or Madam。

4）To whom it may concern，用于写给部门的信，但仅用于推荐信、证明书、鉴定书一类的信函。

4.信函正文(Body of Letter) （100 words）

正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。

书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。如果是回信先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。

5.信尾客套话(Complimentary closure)

    事务信函的结尾语包括两部分：发信人的结尾套语及署名。结尾套话写在低于正文一至两行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。在美国，社会交往信件通常用“Yours sincerely”来结尾，而商务信件（business correspondence）中对写信人不知道姓名的人还是使用‘Yours faithfully’，对于轻微相熟的人使用 ‘Yours truly’。同时，‘Yours sincerely’还常常被写作‘Sincerelyyours’或‘Sincerely’。

    当对方的地位或辈分较高时，会使用‘Yours respectfully’。当与收信人关系密切时，使用下列套话“Affectionately”、“With best wishes”、“Love”、“Yours”。

6.签名(Signature)

即写信人署名，写在结尾语下面一至二行。通常签名包括手写签名、打印签名和头衔三项内容。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。头衔根据实际状况决定是否需要。在私人信函中，发信人可以签写全名或只写名。

 

 

 

2016年06月英语四级作文题目1

Directions: Forthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanksto one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

ZHANG Pei

例文：

Dear Kevin,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitudefor your great help when I failed that vital English interview. If it had notbeen for your assistance in giving me those brilliant suggestions and warmencouragement, I fear that I would have lost my way.

No one would disagree that it was you whostayed with me and pulled me through the hard time. First and foremost, youtold me it was the priority for me to calm down. This is due to the fact thatthe ability to stay sober and positive made me come up with quite a few ideasto cope with the consequence that failure triggered. Furthermore, you made melearn to analyze my lack of interview skills and find solutions. Plenty ofevidence has shown that this work played an indispensable role in my successthe next year. Last but not the least, you helped to build my confidence.

Again, I would like to express my warmthanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Best wishes.

Yours,

Tom

 

 

2016年06月英语四级作文题目2

Directions: Forthis part，you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers uponentering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.

 

例文：

Dear teacher,

I am writing to express my appreciation for thegenerous help you rendered to me since I entered this university.

During these days in your class, I have acquired muchknowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Because of your encouragementand continuous assistance, now I have obtained a splendid academic achievementin my study career, and serve as chairman of Student Union. Besides, with your guidanceand coordination, I could get along well with classmates and have harmoniousrelationship with other members during work. I will always remember yourkindness and painstaking labor. It is really an honor to be your student, and Iwill cherish the goodwill you show to me wherever I go.

In a word, my heartfelt gratitude to you is beyondwords. In the years to come, I will study harder to repay your kindness andmake more progress.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

 

2016年06月英语四级作文题目3

Directions: Forthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanksto your parents or any other family member upon making a memorable achievement.Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

 

例文：

Dear parents,

I am writing this letter to express my sinceregratitude for making a memorable achievement for our family. Without yourmeticulous care I cannot enjoy what I have today.

Thank you for giving me the chance to come to thiscolorful world. As parents, you have made tremendous efforts in your work so asto give me the best life. During my growth, you, serving like a beacon, giveadvice to me whenever I get into trouble. I'd like you to know that I am reallylucky to have you in my life. In the future years, I hope I can create a moredesirable life for you to the best of my abilities, making it possible for youto enjoy your retirement.

Again, I'd like to show my appreciation for your greatachievement for the whole family.

Yours,

Alice

 

2003年12月四级作文

Directions: In this section you arerequired to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying foradmission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 wordsand base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1．建议报考的专业及理由；

2．报考该专业的基本条件；

3．应当如何备考。

A Letter of Reply to a Friend

 

例文：

Dear John,

When it comes to which major you should choose, Ipropose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is themost popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such asteaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes withoutsaying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighterand tighter job market.

In order to study at English Department, you have tomeet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot oftime on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In thesecond place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking arenecessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but notthe least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since“interest is the best teacher.”

As far as the preparation work is concerned, youshould first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’dbetter spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures canyou hope to enroll in our university.

                                                                                                  Yourssincerely,

                                                                                                         LiMing