A: 移植医学在现代医学中占有重要地位。这是为什么？

B: 这是因为移植手术对于许多患者来说是一种挽救生命不可替代的方法。

A: 据我所知，移植医学是现代医学中最具挑战性和复杂性的领域之一。移植医学的发展还面临哪些挑战？

B: 移植医学的发展依然同过去一样，要应对多方面的挑战：有生物医学的、有法律的、也有伦理的。

A: 能举一例说明生物医学上的挑战吗？

B: 当然可以。比如说排异，依然是医学移植中需要克服的一个主要问题。又如，患者在肾移植成功后能存活多久也是生物医学上的挑战。

A: 移植医学遇到的法律上的挑战是什么？

B: 在世界的一些地方有一种做法称为“补偿捐赠”：捐助者得到钱或其他补偿以交换他们的组织或器官。而这种做法在世界上其他国家是非法的。

A: 移植医学遇到哪些伦理上的挑战？

B: 伦理上的挑战就更多了。例如，因为器官短缺，有经济承受能力的人应优先得到器官移植吗？什么年龄太大了不适合器官移植？不管怎么说，移植医学遇到的挑战更多不是生物医学上的，而是法律和伦理上的。

Transplantation  medicine has a very important place in modern medicine nowadays. Why is that?  

That’s  because medical transplantation is an indispensable life-saving procedure for  many patients.

Transplantation  medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine.  What are the challenges to be met in the development of transplantation  medicine?

    Transplantation medicine has to meet a number of challenges just as it  did in the past. There are not only biomedical, but also legal and ethical  ones.

    Can you give an example to show a biomedical challenge to  transplantation medicine?

Sure.  Rejection, for example, is still a major problem to be overcome in  transplantation medicine. Another biomedical challenge is how long a patient  can survive after a successful kidney transplant.

    What are legal challenges to transplantation medicine?

In  some parts of the world there is a practice called “compensated donation”. In  compensated donation, donors get money or other compensation in exchange for  their tissues or organs. Such a practice is illegal in other parts of the  world.

What  are ethical challenges to transplantation medicine?

   There are many more ethical challenges.  For example, is a patient financially affordable should have the priority to  get a transplant due to organ shortage? How old is too old for a patient to  get an organ transplant? Anyhow, transplantation medicine has more legal and  ethical challenges rather than biomedical.